Central bank monetary decentralization

1. bitcoin is valuable under certain circumstances, but it is worthless under certain circumstances. Because it's not legal tender. It is impossible for any country to get the right to issue legal tender to use any mining machine. Bitcoin is just a virtual number. While it's still possible to change money, change it quickly! It's too late to wait until it's worthless at the end.

2. It is very clear in the speech of the central bank that the digital currency is M0. What is M0? M0 is cash. We speculate that the basic framework for the central bank to issue digital currency in the future should be a two-tier structure. The core is the database of the central bank, and the periphery is the blockchain of different instries, regions and third parties. Why? Only by using a decentralized system in the second layer can you ensure that the money is controlled by the users themselves and that the digital currency really becomes M0

we speculate that once the central bank issues digital currency in the future, the periphery of the structure must be a decentralized system. At present, blockchain is the best choice

when talking about digital currency, the central bank also mentioned another concept, which is called programmable currency. How to understand? For the computer, it has a certain internal self-control function. Take the early object-oriented language as an example, it requires at least two functions, one is the constructor, the other is the destructor. You have to solve the problem of its creation as well as its extinction

through programming, the central bank can control the whole life cycle of money creation, circulation and withdrawal

in the absence of digital currency and programmable currency, the currency issued by the central bank circulates freely in the society. How to return to the cage in the end? One is the return of derivative currency of commercial banks, the other is the return of basic currency of central bank. The former is controlled by the central bank through deposit reserve and other policies, while the latter is controlled by the tax system. If we go up to programmable digital currency in the future, the central bank will have much more control. Even in circulation, control can be increased. That's why central banks are very interested in blockchain technology.

3. That is, no one can control, not be controlled by the living center of a living group. Therefore, it can not be used as legal tender recognized by the state. There are a group of money speculators who argue that virtual currency will replace paper money every day. It's all bullshit. We must pay attention to investment risks. Now there are many pyramid schemes with virtual digital currency gimmicks to cheat money

4. In token economics, decentralized money is not the only object of value circulation and measurement. Therefore, a fixed amount of decentralized money does not necessarily lead to rejection by the market
decentralization in decentralized money contains multiple meanings: decentralization of money issuance, decentralization of money circulation, decentralization of money withdrawal...
as far as our current economic system is concerned, the issuance of money is carried out by the central bank or other similar institutions and endorsed by the national credit. Therefore, the issue of money is obviously a kind of centralized, controlled by the government or institutions. However, in the current economic system, the circulation of money is decentralized
although in our current financial system, the vast majority of money has been circulating through banks, this mode of circulation is mostly controlled by the money owners themselves, that is to say, the circulation of money is not controlled by central institutions. In addition to some specific financial requirements, some circulation has been regulated; Or the judicial organs may intervene and forcibly manage the circulation of money. In proportion, these centralized operations are very few. Therefore, we can say that in the existing economic system, the circulation of money is decentralized< In fact, the central bank and other financial management institutions make use of the power of currency issuance to regulate the whole market and maintain the stability of economic development and currency
we have learned in economics that the total amount of money circulation should match the current trade situation. In other words, the total amount of money circulation is closely related to the economic situation. The circulation of money needs to be regulated to influence the market; And the market also forces the regulatory agencies to regulate the currency through various feedback, so as to maintain the stability of the currency.

5. Q: What is blockchain technology? A: Blockchain technology can be understood as a public accounting mechanism. It is a technical solution rather than a specific proct. The basic idea is to establish a set of public account books on the Internet, in which all users in the network keep accounts and check accounts together, so as to ensure the authenticity and non tamperability of information. The reason why it is called "blockchain" is that the structure of blockchain storage data is composed of a chain of "storage blocks" on the network. Each block contains all the information exchange data in the network within a certain period of time, and the chain continues to grow over time. Q: What is the relationship between blockchain and bitcoin? A: Bitcoin used to be one of the most successful applications of blockchain technology. Specifically, the blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by the use of cryptography Association, and each data block contains the information of effective confirmation of multiple bitcoin network transactions. It can be said that bitcoin is a "killer application" of blockchain idea. Blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, but its role is not limited to bitcoin. Q: What are the technical features of blockchain? A: Based on open source software and peer-to-peer network, blockchain can bring more advantages than traditional network in currency related fields such as transaction payment. These advantages include: decentralization, no need to trust the system, disintermediation, tamper proof, encryption security. Q: How does blockchain technology improve the authenticity and non tamperability of data? A: The newly added data blocks are linearly added to the end of the original block in chronological order, which constitutes the blockchain. In this process, the data is distributed in each computer. This decentralized storage method improves the authenticity and non tamperability of the data. When a transaction occurs, users all over the world can act as regulators. If we do not recognize the legitimacy of the transaction, the transaction cannot be concluded, and the data on the blockchain is maintained by us collectively. Q: Is there any potential defect in such a brain burning "blockchain"? A: Blockchain also has some defects to be solved, such as security risks, work efficiency and resource consumption. Since the supervision of blockchain depends on all nodes in the network, theoretically speaking, if you master more than 50% of the computing power of the whole network, you will be able to successfully tamper with and forge blockchain data. Secondly, e to the distributed storage, each node in the blockchain needs to keep a database, and any transaction in the network needs to be authenticated and recorded by other nodes, so the efficiency of the system is low. Finally, because the operation of the blockchain relies on the computing power contributed by the network nodes, these computing power do not proce actual social value, so it is generally considered that these computing power resources are "wasted". Application of blockchain in various fields when blockchain technology is published, many people think it is possible to realize DAC. DAC (full name) can be translated into distributed autonomous system, which refers to an organization system that runs autonomously without intervention and management through a series of open and fair rules. DAC has many forms. It may be a digital currency, a system or an entity, or even a driverless car. This kind of organization system can provide valuable services for customers in the form of currency transfer (such as bitcoin), asset transaction, domain name service, or any other business model. Therefore, through the idea of information sharing, blockchain technology is likely to bring profound changes in cost rection and security improvement to various instries. Application scenarios that existing blockchain technology can achieve: proof of existence can be used to confirm rights in the field of Internet finance, that is, blockchain can really realize "proving your mother is your mother". The smart contract guarantees the validity of the contract, such as the generation required by the electronic signature law; Reliability of methods for storing or transmitting data messages; The reliability of the method of maintaining content integrity; The reliability of the method used to identify the sender. The blockchain of the Internet of things can solve the problem of the coding standard interaction interface of the Internet of things. When an e-signature is signed by identity verification, the signature data is only under the exclusive control of the signer. Any changes to the e-signature after signing can be found, and any changes to the content and form of the data message after signing can also be found. The market forecasting community, August, is an example. Anyone can access and use August anywhere in the world, which may bring unprecedented liquidity and trading volume to the market. Asset trading NASDAQ OMX Group Inc is testing blockchain technology, which NASDAQ believes has the opportunity to transform traditional financial trading methods into bitcoin like ones. The bitcoin mode of e-commerce can be applied directly. Is it possible for e-commerce to become a "harmonious" market without supervision? Social news magmavc has invested $400000 in getgems (formerly known as gems), a start-up project for decentralized social communications applications. File storage directly impacts and even subverts the traditional cloud computing architecture. Chain, a data API blockchain API service provider, has received a $9.5 million investment led by Khosla ventures. Wall Street's financial companies are investing in blockchain and seizing the beach. Visa, NASDAQ and Citigroup also invested in chain, an old Jinshan blockchain start-up, with a financing amount of US $30 million. In the financial field, what can blockchain do? Specifically, in the financial field, in addition to providing a trading platform for bitcoin, Jiuding investment believes that blockchain technology can also greatly improve various asset trading systems other than the existing digital currency. For example, it plays an important role in the post transaction market proceres such as the liquidation and settlement of financial derivatives, foreign exchange, private equity, energy credit linked investment procts and other assets. In terms of speed, the time required for settlement audit in the U.S. securities market is 2 to 3 days. The application of blockchain technology is expected to rece the settlement audit time from hour level to minute level or even second level, thus recing the settlement risk by 99%, and recing the capital cost and system risk. In the blockchain, transaction confirmation and settlement are carried out at the same time. After the node transaction is confirmed by the system, it is automatically written into the distributed ledger, and the corresponding distributed ledgers of all other nodes are updated at the same time. The automatic operation mechanism can greatly shorten the settlement cycle. In terms of expenses, under the current settlement mechanism, in order to achieve a shorter settlement cycle, it is necessary to increase the settlement cost and initial investment expenses significantly. The emergence of blockchain technology makes it possible to rece the settlement cycle more efficiently and quickly, and rece the transaction intermediate proceres, so as to save a lot of money, which is the market space of the related blockchain instry. In terms of security, the integration of blockchain technology into smart contract technology can process complex derivatives transactions programmatically, making clearing more standardized and automated. The time linear stacking feature of the block itself can help the regulators identify and discover illegal operations. At the same time, the smart contract can change the compliance inspection into automation and minimize the possibility of violation from the beginning of liquidation. The 24-hour uninterrupted operation of blockchain technology can also make the data exchange processing of Pan state exchange more stable and reliable. In addition to securities transaction settlement, blockchain can also be used to register and issue digital asset ownership. Blockchain technology can greatly enhance program automation, while smart contract can write many complex derivatives trading terms into the registration and issuance program supported by blockchain technology. When a transaction occurs, blockchain network can quickly and correctly execute. In November 2015, LINQ, a new blockchain technology project cooperated by Nasdaq and chain, has completed the first private equity transaction using the blockchain based issuance and trading platform. The application prospect of blockchain in the field of accounting has also attracted the attention of a large number of people in the instry. Accounting, auditing and compilation cost a lot for global enterprises and the four accounting firms. Automatic accounting based on blockchain technology can greatly rece the relevant costs. The company does not need to recruit special auditors to audit the account book, and all transactions can be stored in the internal blockchain. Due to the irreversibility and time stamp function of the blockchain, the external auditors and regulators of the four major accounting firms can monitor the company's account books in real time by tracking these blockchains. At the same time, the institutions can greatly rece the dependence on the auditors to audit financial transactions and make the audit business more efficient. With the increasing maturity and application expansion of blockchain technology, blockchain start-ups in developed countries have sprung up. At present, the world's leading blockchain companies generally focus on transaction, payment, clearing, Internet of things and other pain point businesses. Some companies have achieved a certain scale, and have developed a relatively clear business model. At the same time, many companies have extended their business in the blockchain instrial chain, covering payment, transaction, risk control, etc., making full use of the multi-point coordination effect. At present, Jiuding investment is also focusing on the projects and applications of various blockchain technologies.

6. E-money: the current e-money
traditional e-money: the e-money left by traditional ancestors in the past

7. In order to ensure the safety of students' summer vacation life, the summer vacation safety convention is formulated as follows. Parents are requested to supervise and guide to ensure the safety of children's summer vacation

1. Keep in mind the telephone number: Fire 119, bandit 110, emergency center 120

2. Summer vacation is in flood season, so it is strictly forbidden to play and take a bath in ponds, reservoirs, rivers, seas, etc
3. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands. If you find that someone has an electric shock, you can't pull it with your hands. You should use a dry stick to turn off the power
4. Pay attention to food hygiene, and don't drink a lot of cold water after strenuous exercise; It is not allowed to eat indiscriminately in unhygienic places, and it is forbidden to overeat
5. Remind children to enhance their awareness of self prevention: don't play with fire, electricity, roads, construction sites and other dangerous places, don't deal with strangers, and don't go out without supervision of alts; Especially remind children to pay attention to traffic safety when they go out
6. Internet cafes, game rooms, billiards rooms, video rooms and dance halls are prohibited; Illegal assembly and other uncivilized activities are prohibited
7. Take proper physical exercise every day
8. Arrange for children to do housework as much as they can< The main contents of the summer vacation safety convention are as follows: 1. Traffic safety; 2. Abide by the traffic rules consciously, and do not run or play on the road

2. Zebra crossing is necessary to cross the highway, and it is not allowed to cross at will< 3. Pupils are not allowed to ride bicycles on the road

4. Observe the public order, wait in line for the bus, do not get close to the vehicle before it stops, and do not crowd when getting on or off

5. Take the bus in a civilized way, give up your seat actively, and do not make any noise in the car< 2. Water safety

1. Don't play or take a bath in the seaside, reservoirs, ponds, wells and other dangerous places< It is not allowed to go fishing with alts to the seaside, reservoir, fangtang and other places

3. When swimming in the swimming pool, you must be accompanied by your parents, and you are not allowed to swim alone< Third, the safety of electricity

1. Graally learn to use ordinary household appliances under the guidance of parents

2. Do not tamper with wires, lamp caps, sockets, etc

3. Do not play in the place marked with "high pressure danger"< 4. Fire safety

1. No playing with fire or carrying fire< 2. Use gas and liquefied gas stoves carefully and safely

3. Don't play with fire to avoid fire. In case of fire, dial 119 in time and do not try to put out the fire< 5. Food safety

1. Consciously develop good personal hygiene habits and wash hands before meals to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases

2. When buying packaged food, you should see clearly the trademark, proction date, shelf life, etc. do not buy "three no" food or expired food

3. When eating raw melons and fruits, you should wash them before eating them. Do not eat rotten or deteriorated melons and fruits< No one is allowed to take shelter from rain under big trees and tall buildings in summer

2. In heavy rain, any student is not allowed to go out. In case of flood peak, they should follow the stairs to high buildings or places with high terrain for flood control

3. In hot weather, cooling measures should be taken to prevent heatstroke

7. Safety of special classes ring holidays

1. Arrive at school on time and abide by class discipline

2. Don't play crazy, don't play dangerous goods, don't play dangerous games

3

4. Line up after school, don't stay outside, go home in time and pay attention to traffic safety< 8. Athletes' training safety

1. Ensure the safety of going to school, going home by car and walking ring training

2. During training, teachers and students should tighten the safety string to prevent sports injury and accidental injury

3. In hot weather, teachers should reasonably arrange the amount and place of exercise to prevent heatstroke

4. Athletes must ask for leave if they don't go to school for training. If they don't ask for leave, teachers should contact their parents in time to find out the reasons

5. During sports, wear sports clothes, and don't put knives, nails, hairpins and other dangerous goods in your pocket

6. Athletes should pay attention to food hygiene, and don't eat snacks or unhealthy food

7. During the competition, teachers should emphasize the safety of riding and ring the competition

8. Go home in time after training or competition, and do not go out to play without permission< 9. Other aspects of safety

1. Don't trust strangers. Don't open security doors when strangers knock

2. When you travel or visit relatives and friends, if you get lost, don't panic. You should stay in place and wait for your parents to come back or call 110 in time to ask the police uncle for help

3. When watching a game, a performance or a movie, stand in line and be a civilized audience. At the end of the game or performance, wait for most people to leave and then go out with the team. Don't crowd out at the exit peak

4. Check whether the gas valve is closed before going to bed to prevent gas poisoning< Do not play with inflammable and explosive materials and corrosive chemicals

6. Don't steal, don't rob, don't help to make a fire, and fight. 1、 1. Obey the management ecation of teachers and students on ty, follow the advice, and pay attention to personal safety and collective safety

2. Don't run and fight in the building, make a lot of noise and comity on the right

3. When going up and down stairs, be courteous to the right, do not stay, do not pick, slide or sit on the stair railing

4. Do not lean out of the window or go to the windowsill in the classroom or corridor. The cleaning of the glass must be carried out under the guidance of the teacher

5. Do not disturb the classroom and the electrical facilities in the building, do not play with fire, and do not throw things from upstairs

6. When there is an accident in the building, follow the command, do not watch, do not panic, and evacuate according to the prescribed route

7. Don't rush into school in the morning or at noon, and give in to each other

2. Road team

1. Everyone should wear yellow hat and safety card, and pay attention to the safety of school

2. Keep on the right side of the road, and don't let your parents pick you up from school or affect the traffic

3. Pay attention to pedestrians and traffic when crossing the road

4. After school, you should line up a good line, and the team leader should lead you to walk in a column, obey the command of the team leader, and obey the traffic rules

5. Students under the age of 12 are not allowed to go to school by bike. If they need to go to school by bike, their parents should apply and get the approval of the school, but they must be escorted by their parents. Traffic safety convention for primary school students
traffic safety convention for primary school students

1. Consciously abide by the rules and regulations of traffic safety school, and actively participate in the school's traffic safety knowledge ecation and various safety activities
2. Consciously abide by traffic regulations and maintain traffic order
Third, when participating in road traffic, obey the command and management of the traffic police uncle
4. Be brave to correct and stop other people's violation of traffic regulations< 5. Children under the age of 12 do not go to school on the road, ride bicycles, do not ride two or three wheeled motorcycles, and do not climb and support each other on bicycles< 6. You should wear safety helmets when riding two or three wheeled motorcycles. You should go your own way when riding or walking
7. In case of traffic accident, actively maintain order, protect the scene, timely report to the police, rescue the injured, and actively provide evidence and clues to solve the case< 8. Actively publicize traffic regulations and traffic safety knowledge, take good care of traffic signs and facilities, and be a model youth who abides by traffic regulations<

attached: excerpts from school nursery rhymes of traffic safety

uncle of traffic police is the most natural and unrestrained

salute before correcting violations,
command vehicles to extend their arms,
he is not afraid of wind and rain,
uncle of traffic police is the most natural and unrestrained<

cross the road

cross the road, look left and right,
pull over when the car comes,
pedestrians need to walk on the sidewalk,
the driver drives slowly<

guard and guide flag

guard and guide flag, keep safe,
line up in front of the road,
if the car comes by force,
the police uncle will blame<

traffic lights

traffic lights are like eyes,
one green to one red,
red eyes stare at you and make you stop,
green eyes look at you and make you go,
if you are not obedient,
uncle police will criticize you<

little yellow hat

little yellow hat, yellow and yellow,
put on your head when you come home from school,
the driver's uncle should pay attention,
the safety number of passing is the first<

go home from school

don't panic when you come home from school,
play is not in the middle of the road,
chasing and fighting are the most dangerous,
it's not safe to go to and from cars<

I'm a little traffic policeman

I'm a little traffic policeman,
follow my uncle to manage the traffic,
as soon as the red light is on, hold the yellow flag,
as soon as the green light is on, let me go<

I advise dad not to drink

dad is a motorcyclist,
I advise dad not to drink,
drive and wear safety helmet,
family happiness is the most reliable

there are too many. Choose for yourself