Calculate the friction according to the extra work
Publish: 2021-03-28 23:00:22
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4. W = Pt (general formula)
it can be deced from w = PT: P = w / T = FS / T = Fv (for car upshift)
W active work = FS = GH (lifting objects)
W extra work = w-wtotal or = wtotal (1- η
machine efficiency: η= Wtotal
pulley block efficiency: (1) η= G / NF (vertical) (2) η= G / (G + G dynamic) (vertical direction without friction) (3) η= F / NF (horizontal direction)
so much work, I hope you like it.
it can be deced from w = PT: P = w / T = FS / T = Fv (for car upshift)
W active work = FS = GH (lifting objects)
W extra work = w-wtotal or = wtotal (1- η
machine efficiency: η= Wtotal
pulley block efficiency: (1) η= G / NF (vertical) (2) η= G / (G + G dynamic) (vertical direction without friction) (3) η= F / NF (horizontal direction)
so much work, I hope you like it.
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6. Active work: GH
total work: FS
extra work: FS
the relationship is: FS = GH + FS
total work: FS
extra work: FS
the relationship is: FS = GH + FS
7. yes. Legendary mining was a sport in 2002, and now nobody's digging
it costs money to play 100 districts!! Play SF
I really admire you. The legend has been open for six years, so you don't have to put the problem on the top of the network, OK?
it costs money to play 100 districts!! Play SF
I really admire you. The legend has been open for six years, so you don't have to put the problem on the top of the network, OK?
8. If an object moves in a straight line at a constant speed, either it is not forced or it is subjected to a pair of balanced forces, you will have friction. Therefore, you can make it move in a straight line at a constant speed by using the same amount of friction. It is to overcome friction
9. Illegal mining includes four situations:
(1) unlicensed mining behavior
unlicensed mining behavior, that is, mining without obtaining a mining license through legal proceres. According to the law on the protection of mineral resources, all state-owned mining enterprises, township collective mining enterprises and indivial mining enterprises must be examined, approved and issued mining licenses. According to Article 16 of the mineral resources law, "mining of the following mineral resources shall be examined and approved by the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the State Council, and a mining license shall be issued: (1) mineral resources in mining areas planned by the state and of great value to the national economy 2 The mineral resources that can be mined outside the mining area as specified in the preceding paragraph have reserves of more than large scale 3 Specific minerals for which protective mining is prescribed by the state 4 Mineral resources in the territorial sea and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of China 5 Other mineral resources prescribed by the State Council. The exploitation of specific minerals such as oil, natural gas and radioactive minerals may be examined and approved by the relevant competent departments authorized by the State Council, and a mining license may be issued. For the mining of mineral resources other than those specified in the first and second paragraphs, if the mineral reserves available for mining are planned to be medium-sized, the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the people's Government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall examine and approve and issue a mining license. Measures for the administration of mining mineral resources other than those specified in the first, second and third paragraphs shall be formulated by the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government according to law. If a mining license is examined, approved and issued in accordance with the provisions of the third and fourth paragraphs, the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources of the people's Government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall make a summary and submit it to the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the State Council for the record. The criteria for the classification of large and medium-sized mineral reserves shall be prescribed by the mineral reserves examination and approval authority under the State Council. At the same time, the mineral resources law stipulates that the State encourages collective mining enterprises to mine mineral resources within the scope designated by the state, and allows indivials to mine scattered resources, sand, stone, clay that can only be used as ordinary building materials, and a small amount of minerals for their own use. Measures for the examination, approval and issuance of mining licenses for the establishment of township collective mining enterprises and measures for the administration of indivial mining shall be formulated by the provincial authorities. Those who have not obtained the mining license through the above legal proceres shall be regarded as mining without license< (2) unauthorized mining in unauthorized mining areas
unauthorized entry into national planning areas, mining areas of great value to the national economy, and mining in other mining areas. According to the law, the State implements planned mining in state-owned planning areas and mining areas of great value to the national economy without the approval of the relevant competent departments of the State Council, No unit or indivial may exploit it; No unit or indivial may enter the mining area of a mine or enterprise in which another person has obtained the mining right for mining. For example, Article 20 of the mineral resources law stipulates: "mineral resources shall not be mined in the following areas without the consent of the relevant competent departments authorized by the State Council: (1) within the designated areas of ports, airports and national defense engineering facilities 2 Within a certain distance from important instrial areas, large-scale water conservancy engineering facilities and urban municipal engineering facilities 3 Within a certain distance on both sides of Railways and important highways 4 Within a certain distance from both sides of important rivers and dams 5 Natural reserves and important scenic spots designated by the state, as well as places of immovable historical and cultural relics and places of interest and historic sites under key state protection 6 Other areas where mineral resources may not be mined as prescribed by the state. " Mining without authorization in violation of the above provisions is illegal mining. The so-called "national planning area" refers to the mining area that is determined to be included in the long-term or medium-term plan for the development of national mineral resources and as the reserve resource base of old mining area in a certain period of time, according to the long-term needs of national economic construction and the distribution of resources, and subject to the examination and approval of the State Council or relevant competent departments of the State Council in accordance with the law. The so-called "mining area with important value to the national economy" refers to the mining area with great economic value or high economic benefit, which has an important impact on the overall situation and strategy of the national economic construction. The so-called "mining area scope" refers to the scope of the boundary around the mine determined by the mine (open pit) design department and approved in accordance with legal proceres< (3) mining the protected minerals without authorization. According to the law, the State adopts planned mining of specific minerals for protective mining, and no unit or indivial may exploit them without the approval of the relevant departments of the State Council. The so-called "specific minerals of protective mining" refers to the minerals that are of special importance to the national economic construction and high-tech development, are seriously scarce in resources, are valuable in mineral procts or have obvious advantages in the international market, and are determined by the state according to the law and proceres within a certain period of time. For example, the notice of the State Council on the implementation of protective mining of gold minerals in 1988 pointed out that, The State Council has decided to list gold minerals as specific minerals for protective mining and to carry out planned mining. Without the approval of the State Administration of gold, no unit or indivial may exploit them. In addition to gold, tungsten, tin, antimony, ionic rare earth ore and other minerals are listed as specific minerals for protective mining in China
(4) "cross border mining" behavior
the so-called "cross border mining" refers to the behavior of illegal mining in violation of the mining location, scope and other requirements specified in the mining license despite holding the mining license. According to the mineral resources law, no unit or indivial is allowed to enter the mining areas of state-owned mining enterprises and other mining enterprises established by others according to law. If mining beyond the approved mining area, it shall be ordered to return to the mining area for mining and compensate for the losses, and the mineral procts and illegal income from mining beyond the approved mining area shall be confiscated and may also be fined; Those who refuse to return to the mining area for mining and cause serious damage to mineral resources shall have their mining license revoked and the persons directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 156 of the criminal law (1979). If illegal mining constitutes a crime, in addition to the above-mentioned illegal mining activities, it also needs to have the ability to refuse to stop mining after being ordered to stop mining, causing damage to mineral resources. The so-called "refusing to stop mining after being ordered to stop mining" refers to those who are still mining after being repeatedly ordered or given administrative punishment by the relevant mineral management department. The so-called "causing damage to mineral resources" refers to indiscriminate mining in the mining area, which damages the whole deposit and the mining methods designed according to the deposit, resulting in insufficient mining of mineral resources; In the mining areas with coexisting and associated minerals, the mining method of mining main ore and discarding by-procts is adopted, and the corresponding comprehensive mining and comprehensive utilization minerals are not mined, so that the minerals can not be fully and reasonably utilized; For the minerals that can not be comprehensively mined or must be mined at the same time but can not be comprehensively utilized temporarily and the tailings containing useful components, effective protection measures are not taken, resulting in loss and damage; If mining is not carried out in a reasonable order, rich ore should be mined instead of lean ore, thick ore should be mined instead of thin ore, easy ore should be mined instead of difficult ore, and forest ore should be mined instead of small ore, resulting in the loss of a large number of mineral resources; If mining is not carried out according to the reasonable mining method, the mining recovery rate is low and the dilution rate is high, which is quite different from the design index, resulting in the waste of resources; The unreasonable beneficiation process results in low beneficiation recovery rate, a great difference from the design index, and a waste of resources; Some special minerals are not mined according to the methods specified in the technical specifications issued by the relevant departments, resulting in destruction and waste of resources
if the value of damage to mineral resources caused by illegal mining is more than 50000 yuan, it is suspected of the crime of illegal mining, which belongs to "damage to mineral resources" as stipulated in the first paragraph of article 343 of the criminal law; If the amount is more than 300000 yuan, it belongs to "causing serious damage to mineral resources" as stipulated in the first paragraph of article 343 of the criminal law.
(1) unlicensed mining behavior
unlicensed mining behavior, that is, mining without obtaining a mining license through legal proceres. According to the law on the protection of mineral resources, all state-owned mining enterprises, township collective mining enterprises and indivial mining enterprises must be examined, approved and issued mining licenses. According to Article 16 of the mineral resources law, "mining of the following mineral resources shall be examined and approved by the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the State Council, and a mining license shall be issued: (1) mineral resources in mining areas planned by the state and of great value to the national economy 2 The mineral resources that can be mined outside the mining area as specified in the preceding paragraph have reserves of more than large scale 3 Specific minerals for which protective mining is prescribed by the state 4 Mineral resources in the territorial sea and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of China 5 Other mineral resources prescribed by the State Council. The exploitation of specific minerals such as oil, natural gas and radioactive minerals may be examined and approved by the relevant competent departments authorized by the State Council, and a mining license may be issued. For the mining of mineral resources other than those specified in the first and second paragraphs, if the mineral reserves available for mining are planned to be medium-sized, the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the people's Government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall examine and approve and issue a mining license. Measures for the administration of mining mineral resources other than those specified in the first, second and third paragraphs shall be formulated by the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government according to law. If a mining license is examined, approved and issued in accordance with the provisions of the third and fourth paragraphs, the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources of the people's Government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall make a summary and submit it to the Department in charge of Geology and mineral resources under the State Council for the record. The criteria for the classification of large and medium-sized mineral reserves shall be prescribed by the mineral reserves examination and approval authority under the State Council. At the same time, the mineral resources law stipulates that the State encourages collective mining enterprises to mine mineral resources within the scope designated by the state, and allows indivials to mine scattered resources, sand, stone, clay that can only be used as ordinary building materials, and a small amount of minerals for their own use. Measures for the examination, approval and issuance of mining licenses for the establishment of township collective mining enterprises and measures for the administration of indivial mining shall be formulated by the provincial authorities. Those who have not obtained the mining license through the above legal proceres shall be regarded as mining without license< (2) unauthorized mining in unauthorized mining areas
unauthorized entry into national planning areas, mining areas of great value to the national economy, and mining in other mining areas. According to the law, the State implements planned mining in state-owned planning areas and mining areas of great value to the national economy without the approval of the relevant competent departments of the State Council, No unit or indivial may exploit it; No unit or indivial may enter the mining area of a mine or enterprise in which another person has obtained the mining right for mining. For example, Article 20 of the mineral resources law stipulates: "mineral resources shall not be mined in the following areas without the consent of the relevant competent departments authorized by the State Council: (1) within the designated areas of ports, airports and national defense engineering facilities 2 Within a certain distance from important instrial areas, large-scale water conservancy engineering facilities and urban municipal engineering facilities 3 Within a certain distance on both sides of Railways and important highways 4 Within a certain distance from both sides of important rivers and dams 5 Natural reserves and important scenic spots designated by the state, as well as places of immovable historical and cultural relics and places of interest and historic sites under key state protection 6 Other areas where mineral resources may not be mined as prescribed by the state. " Mining without authorization in violation of the above provisions is illegal mining. The so-called "national planning area" refers to the mining area that is determined to be included in the long-term or medium-term plan for the development of national mineral resources and as the reserve resource base of old mining area in a certain period of time, according to the long-term needs of national economic construction and the distribution of resources, and subject to the examination and approval of the State Council or relevant competent departments of the State Council in accordance with the law. The so-called "mining area with important value to the national economy" refers to the mining area with great economic value or high economic benefit, which has an important impact on the overall situation and strategy of the national economic construction. The so-called "mining area scope" refers to the scope of the boundary around the mine determined by the mine (open pit) design department and approved in accordance with legal proceres< (3) mining the protected minerals without authorization. According to the law, the State adopts planned mining of specific minerals for protective mining, and no unit or indivial may exploit them without the approval of the relevant departments of the State Council. The so-called "specific minerals of protective mining" refers to the minerals that are of special importance to the national economic construction and high-tech development, are seriously scarce in resources, are valuable in mineral procts or have obvious advantages in the international market, and are determined by the state according to the law and proceres within a certain period of time. For example, the notice of the State Council on the implementation of protective mining of gold minerals in 1988 pointed out that, The State Council has decided to list gold minerals as specific minerals for protective mining and to carry out planned mining. Without the approval of the State Administration of gold, no unit or indivial may exploit them. In addition to gold, tungsten, tin, antimony, ionic rare earth ore and other minerals are listed as specific minerals for protective mining in China
(4) "cross border mining" behavior
the so-called "cross border mining" refers to the behavior of illegal mining in violation of the mining location, scope and other requirements specified in the mining license despite holding the mining license. According to the mineral resources law, no unit or indivial is allowed to enter the mining areas of state-owned mining enterprises and other mining enterprises established by others according to law. If mining beyond the approved mining area, it shall be ordered to return to the mining area for mining and compensate for the losses, and the mineral procts and illegal income from mining beyond the approved mining area shall be confiscated and may also be fined; Those who refuse to return to the mining area for mining and cause serious damage to mineral resources shall have their mining license revoked and the persons directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 156 of the criminal law (1979). If illegal mining constitutes a crime, in addition to the above-mentioned illegal mining activities, it also needs to have the ability to refuse to stop mining after being ordered to stop mining, causing damage to mineral resources. The so-called "refusing to stop mining after being ordered to stop mining" refers to those who are still mining after being repeatedly ordered or given administrative punishment by the relevant mineral management department. The so-called "causing damage to mineral resources" refers to indiscriminate mining in the mining area, which damages the whole deposit and the mining methods designed according to the deposit, resulting in insufficient mining of mineral resources; In the mining areas with coexisting and associated minerals, the mining method of mining main ore and discarding by-procts is adopted, and the corresponding comprehensive mining and comprehensive utilization minerals are not mined, so that the minerals can not be fully and reasonably utilized; For the minerals that can not be comprehensively mined or must be mined at the same time but can not be comprehensively utilized temporarily and the tailings containing useful components, effective protection measures are not taken, resulting in loss and damage; If mining is not carried out in a reasonable order, rich ore should be mined instead of lean ore, thick ore should be mined instead of thin ore, easy ore should be mined instead of difficult ore, and forest ore should be mined instead of small ore, resulting in the loss of a large number of mineral resources; If mining is not carried out according to the reasonable mining method, the mining recovery rate is low and the dilution rate is high, which is quite different from the design index, resulting in the waste of resources; The unreasonable beneficiation process results in low beneficiation recovery rate, a great difference from the design index, and a waste of resources; Some special minerals are not mined according to the methods specified in the technical specifications issued by the relevant departments, resulting in destruction and waste of resources
if the value of damage to mineral resources caused by illegal mining is more than 50000 yuan, it is suspected of the crime of illegal mining, which belongs to "damage to mineral resources" as stipulated in the first paragraph of article 343 of the criminal law; If the amount is more than 300000 yuan, it belongs to "causing serious damage to mineral resources" as stipulated in the first paragraph of article 343 of the criminal law.
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