Which department does small bellyache go to central maternity to
Publish: 2021-05-01 14:20:58
1. It depends on what you hang up.
you must go to the expert registration in advance.
about 4.5 o'clock.
register early and see a doctor early
you must go to the expert registration in advance.
about 4.5 o'clock.
register early and see a doctor early
2. < Ranch Tales 2 & gt; U.S. version strategy
N64 game method:
used to GBA, definitely not used to N64
especially the button
N64 emulator & gt& gt; Project64<& lt; That's right.
once it's opened, two warning windows will pop up (no best), and all of them must be X, Otherwise, you can't play (at least mine)
key introction (you won't set a button):
z = Commentary (it's almost useless)
x = talking, picking up things, discarding things, pressing the subtitle continuously ring the conversation can make it faster, and the confirmation key
C = cancel
del = whistling, calling the horse
home = holding things in hand, You can put it in your backpack
PgDn = whistling to call the dog
end = you can eat when you have something in your hand (of course you have to be able to eat)
TV station selection key:
home = station 1 (weather report)
PgDn = station 2 (news report), Report Festival, etc.)
end = the third (like the introction of the ranch)
del = the fourth (blank... I don't know what to do)
C = jump out
shortcut:
C + L = read file
F1 = game restart
F2 = pause
F3 = screenshot (will be stored in the screenshots folder)
F4 = speed up FPS, the game will be fast (note! Novice, please use it indoors, because the time will also become faster, your time will not be enough) press again to restore
F5 = save (will be saved in the save folder)
after the introction of the key
small game strategy:
just start playing N64, maybe have a play, watering is pouring happy, suddenly found, eh? What happened to the night??? Yes, don't doubt that the time of N64 is so fast. If you throw eight things in your backpack, you may lose half an hour if your technology is bad, and 15 minutes if your technology is better. My God, what do you want me to do? That' s OK,don' T worry be happy, my personal time allocation is like this
get up from 6:00 to 8:00, water and sprinkle seeds (the time will be longer than that, it doesn't matter, less water will be done in the town, more water will be done in the evening)
9:00 to 12:00, if you want to get married so soon, grab a flower on the mountain now, So I went to give it to MM
(I only know Lin... chasing him)
Lin:
on sunny days, most of them are in their own ranch, and then turn left to the ranch (selling cattle, sheep and chickens). They are herding outside and looking for it.
Thu sun is usually on the mountain, enjoying rare birds, or vineyards. He and Kalian are good friends, or they are in the tool house opened by his brother in GBA chicken farm, They are relatives
on the first day of the first year, you'd better not chase and give gifts to mm, go up the mountain quickly, meet a person by the lake of Hetong, catch up with the fisherman, talk to him, and then choose to like fishing, he will give you the fishing rod
you can allocate the time after that, you'd better go up the mountain to cut some firewood and take some things to load
after buying cattle, The boss will send you cow bells, milkers and wool shears to buy in the tool house. The pottery flute for the concert is sold in the satin smelter house (the house next to the tool house) in autumn. Try hard to cut firewood and save money. When it's 30000, go to the carpenter for expansion. Immediately expand a 30000 greenhouse. After the expansion, buy seeds and buy all the seeds for you. Except for strawberries in winter, the time in the greenhouse is still off, You can also water it slowly. At the beginning, you can cultivate all the land. It's your freedom to see how you can sow. In a word, I rely on this greenhouse. In a month, I can easily come here with more than 100000 chickens.
chicken tips:
when your chickens are hatched to six, will you find it difficult to do anything??? At this time, feed the chickens first. When you hold the chickens, put them in a pile, and they will not be able to get in the way of each other. You can go out as soon as possible. The next morning, not only can they not move, but also the eggs can be harvested very well. ^ ^
tips for raising cattle and sheep:
when they are full, they really feel that they are a nightmare in the first thing to get up, When you brush your body, you have to talk by the way. If you don't know the difference, go outside and walk in again, you will return to the original situation.
distinguish between big cattle and small cattle:
at the beginning, you can't tell if you only raise one, At this time, we just need to see if there is a bell on his neck.
distinguish between big sheep and small sheep:
his hair will turn white.
precautions for firewood cutting:
we must take advantage of the opportunity to cut, because in winter, the hot spring will be expanded on the top of the mountain, and at this time, the three wooden piles will disappear, and we can get 42 pieces after cutting them all, Only 24 pieces of materials are left...
about someone visiting:
when someone visits, you just go in one place and come out again, and that person will leave, please be careful
almost all the things sold by men in black are fake, except for the fact that they once sold on festivals,
goddess spring:
only when they put in their own goods will they appear. At present, I don't know if the vow has any effect...
Photos of special events (two photos have been found at present)
they are very friendly with Lin. in winter, they will invite you to the mountains, and there will be rare rabbits coming out, There will be photos
next year, the florist will sell blue mist Seeds, fortunately, won't be very expensive. Then I will take you to the mountain, a place, and then I will help you plant seeds and water them every day. After that, a grandfather will help you take photos.
the medicine in the drugstore will only be sold to you if there is a cup in it. The cup is sold in the vegetable festival the next year and in the tool house. It's not expensive at all, Buy it ^ ^
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, Lint love wool
linkelaine is a good friend
grandma Aileen will hang up
tool upgrade:
hammer: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
kettle: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
sickle: 150 copper Silver 200 gold 400
fishing rod: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
hoe: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
as long as the tool reaches the standard, It can be upgraded. Satin smelter shop is useless... It's just selling your pottery flute (as far as I know, that's the only way), and the highest can only be turned into gold (I don't know that the blue rock g by mining is used for dry hemp)
spring
1 New Year's Festival (will be drunk, and then carried away)
8 don't understand... Anyway, the king will fly up by hot air balloon...
19 grass racing
23 Flower Festival, On 19-22, go to the square to vote. If you are not the king, vote for any one. Anyway, what you vote for is the most popular one. At this time, you can choose your five offices
summer
on 1, the girl above blue heart will invite you to the ranch, and then you can go to the appointed place to find him
on 9, the vegetable festival will bring your own vegetables to participate in the selection, the fresher the better, It's easy to win
when it's time for the firefly Festival on the 17th, the river lantern will be put on the beach
on the 24th, the winner can get the pig censer (useless) and take photos (s / L Dafa is very important)
if he wins in the second year, he will get 500 materials
autumn
on the 4th, the cattle festival will be held in gray farm, and the good cattle will be selected, and the winning cattle will proce golden milk (strange long, You can also drink milk)
on the 12th, you can choose the ranch king for the harvest festival, and you can see how much he has (there is gold coin in the cake, and you will be elected)
on the 20th, the egg Festival first finds out the same egg as the village head's, and gives it to the village head as soon as possible. If you win, you will get a prize, which is the real strength (s / L method...)
grass racing on the 28th
winter
Mining can be done on the 9th (limited to winter, Only HOEs are needed, hammers are useless)
thank you ceremony on the 10th Winter (I don't know how to use dry hemp)
on the 24th, you can make an appointment with the girl you like ^ ^ (a great opportunity)
popuri goddess spring
Maria Elli ANN in the church
Karen beach
on the 28th, you can whistle more and train yourself
on the 30th, there will be a concert in the spirit Festival church, and they will have a party in the hotel
N64 game method:
used to GBA, definitely not used to N64
especially the button
N64 emulator & gt& gt; Project64<& lt; That's right.
once it's opened, two warning windows will pop up (no best), and all of them must be X, Otherwise, you can't play (at least mine)
key introction (you won't set a button):
z = Commentary (it's almost useless)
x = talking, picking up things, discarding things, pressing the subtitle continuously ring the conversation can make it faster, and the confirmation key
C = cancel
del = whistling, calling the horse
home = holding things in hand, You can put it in your backpack
PgDn = whistling to call the dog
end = you can eat when you have something in your hand (of course you have to be able to eat)
TV station selection key:
home = station 1 (weather report)
PgDn = station 2 (news report), Report Festival, etc.)
end = the third (like the introction of the ranch)
del = the fourth (blank... I don't know what to do)
C = jump out
shortcut:
C + L = read file
F1 = game restart
F2 = pause
F3 = screenshot (will be stored in the screenshots folder)
F4 = speed up FPS, the game will be fast (note! Novice, please use it indoors, because the time will also become faster, your time will not be enough) press again to restore
F5 = save (will be saved in the save folder)
after the introction of the key
small game strategy:
just start playing N64, maybe have a play, watering is pouring happy, suddenly found, eh? What happened to the night??? Yes, don't doubt that the time of N64 is so fast. If you throw eight things in your backpack, you may lose half an hour if your technology is bad, and 15 minutes if your technology is better. My God, what do you want me to do? That' s OK,don' T worry be happy, my personal time allocation is like this
get up from 6:00 to 8:00, water and sprinkle seeds (the time will be longer than that, it doesn't matter, less water will be done in the town, more water will be done in the evening)
9:00 to 12:00, if you want to get married so soon, grab a flower on the mountain now, So I went to give it to MM
(I only know Lin... chasing him)
Lin:
on sunny days, most of them are in their own ranch, and then turn left to the ranch (selling cattle, sheep and chickens). They are herding outside and looking for it.
Thu sun is usually on the mountain, enjoying rare birds, or vineyards. He and Kalian are good friends, or they are in the tool house opened by his brother in GBA chicken farm, They are relatives
on the first day of the first year, you'd better not chase and give gifts to mm, go up the mountain quickly, meet a person by the lake of Hetong, catch up with the fisherman, talk to him, and then choose to like fishing, he will give you the fishing rod
you can allocate the time after that, you'd better go up the mountain to cut some firewood and take some things to load
after buying cattle, The boss will send you cow bells, milkers and wool shears to buy in the tool house. The pottery flute for the concert is sold in the satin smelter house (the house next to the tool house) in autumn. Try hard to cut firewood and save money. When it's 30000, go to the carpenter for expansion. Immediately expand a 30000 greenhouse. After the expansion, buy seeds and buy all the seeds for you. Except for strawberries in winter, the time in the greenhouse is still off, You can also water it slowly. At the beginning, you can cultivate all the land. It's your freedom to see how you can sow. In a word, I rely on this greenhouse. In a month, I can easily come here with more than 100000 chickens.
chicken tips:
when your chickens are hatched to six, will you find it difficult to do anything??? At this time, feed the chickens first. When you hold the chickens, put them in a pile, and they will not be able to get in the way of each other. You can go out as soon as possible. The next morning, not only can they not move, but also the eggs can be harvested very well. ^ ^
tips for raising cattle and sheep:
when they are full, they really feel that they are a nightmare in the first thing to get up, When you brush your body, you have to talk by the way. If you don't know the difference, go outside and walk in again, you will return to the original situation.
distinguish between big cattle and small cattle:
at the beginning, you can't tell if you only raise one, At this time, we just need to see if there is a bell on his neck.
distinguish between big sheep and small sheep:
his hair will turn white.
precautions for firewood cutting:
we must take advantage of the opportunity to cut, because in winter, the hot spring will be expanded on the top of the mountain, and at this time, the three wooden piles will disappear, and we can get 42 pieces after cutting them all, Only 24 pieces of materials are left...
about someone visiting:
when someone visits, you just go in one place and come out again, and that person will leave, please be careful
almost all the things sold by men in black are fake, except for the fact that they once sold on festivals,
goddess spring:
only when they put in their own goods will they appear. At present, I don't know if the vow has any effect...
Photos of special events (two photos have been found at present)
they are very friendly with Lin. in winter, they will invite you to the mountains, and there will be rare rabbits coming out, There will be photos
next year, the florist will sell blue mist Seeds, fortunately, won't be very expensive. Then I will take you to the mountain, a place, and then I will help you plant seeds and water them every day. After that, a grandfather will help you take photos.
the medicine in the drugstore will only be sold to you if there is a cup in it. The cup is sold in the vegetable festival the next year and in the tool house. It's not expensive at all, Buy it ^ ^
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, Lint love wool
linkelaine is a good friend
grandma Aileen will hang up
tool upgrade:
hammer: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
kettle: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
sickle: 150 copper Silver 200 gold 400
fishing rod: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
hoe: 150 copper silver 200 gold 400
as long as the tool reaches the standard, It can be upgraded. Satin smelter shop is useless... It's just selling your pottery flute (as far as I know, that's the only way), and the highest can only be turned into gold (I don't know that the blue rock g by mining is used for dry hemp)
spring
1 New Year's Festival (will be drunk, and then carried away)
8 don't understand... Anyway, the king will fly up by hot air balloon...
19 grass racing
23 Flower Festival, On 19-22, go to the square to vote. If you are not the king, vote for any one. Anyway, what you vote for is the most popular one. At this time, you can choose your five offices
summer
on 1, the girl above blue heart will invite you to the ranch, and then you can go to the appointed place to find him
on 9, the vegetable festival will bring your own vegetables to participate in the selection, the fresher the better, It's easy to win
when it's time for the firefly Festival on the 17th, the river lantern will be put on the beach
on the 24th, the winner can get the pig censer (useless) and take photos (s / L Dafa is very important)
if he wins in the second year, he will get 500 materials
autumn
on the 4th, the cattle festival will be held in gray farm, and the good cattle will be selected, and the winning cattle will proce golden milk (strange long, You can also drink milk)
on the 12th, you can choose the ranch king for the harvest festival, and you can see how much he has (there is gold coin in the cake, and you will be elected)
on the 20th, the egg Festival first finds out the same egg as the village head's, and gives it to the village head as soon as possible. If you win, you will get a prize, which is the real strength (s / L method...)
grass racing on the 28th
winter
Mining can be done on the 9th (limited to winter, Only HOEs are needed, hammers are useless)
thank you ceremony on the 10th Winter (I don't know how to use dry hemp)
on the 24th, you can make an appointment with the girl you like ^ ^ (a great opportunity)
popuri goddess spring
Maria Elli ANN in the church
Karen beach
on the 28th, you can whistle more and train yourself
on the 30th, there will be a concert in the spirit Festival church, and they will have a party in the hotel
3. Look at gastroenterology
4. There are only two doctors in the Department of colpos. It's difficult to register. Make an appointment one week in advance.
5. CPU is the abbreviation of central processing unit. It can be called microprocessor for short, but it is often called processor directly. CPU is the core of the computer, its importance is just like the brain for people, because it is responsible for processing and calculating all the data inside the computer, and the motherboard chipset is more like the heart, which controls the exchange of data. The type of CPU determines the operating system and corresponding software. CPU is mainly composed of arithmetic unit, controller, register group and internal bus. It is the core of PC. It is a complete PC (personal computer) with memory, I / O interface and system bus<
development history
CPU in x86 era can be traced back to 1971. In that year, Intel, which was still in the development stage, launched the world's first microprocessor 4004. This is not only the first 4-bit microprocessor for calculators, but also the first computer processor that indivials can afford! 4004 contains 2300 transistors. Its functions are quite limited and its speed is still very slow. It was despised by the then big blue IBM and most commercial users. However, it is an epoch-making proct after all. Since then, Intel has formed an indissoluble bond with microprocessors. It can be said that the historical development of CPU is actually the development of Intel's x86 Series CPU, which is the "journey of CPU history"
in 1978, Intel led the trend again. It proced a 16 bit microprocessor named i8086 for the first time. At the same time, it also proced the corresponding mathematical coprocessor i8087. The two chips used compatible instruction sets, but added some special instructions for logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions in the i8087 instruction set. Because these instruction sets are used in i8086 and i8087, they are also called x86 instruction sets. Although Intel successively proced the second and third generation of more advanced and faster new CPUs, they were still compatible with the original x86 instructions. Moreover, Intel continued to use the original x86 sequence in the naming of subsequent CPUs, until it gave up using Arabic numerals e to trademark registration problems. As for other companies that grew up later, such as AMD and Cyrix, the CPU before 486 (including 486) was named after Intel's x86 Series CPU. However, in the 586 era, the market competition became more and more fierce. Due to the trademark registration problem, they could not continue to use the same or similar names as Intel's x86 series, I have to name my 586 and 686 compatible CPUs separately< In 1979, Intel introced 8088 chip, which is still a 16 bit microprocessor with 29000 transistors, clock frequency of 4.77mhz, address bus of 20 bits and 1MB Memory. The internal data bus of 8088 is 16 bits, the external data bus is 8 bits, and its brother 8086 is 16 bits. In 1981, 8088 chip was first used in IBM PC, creating a new era of microcomputer. It is also from 8088 that the concept of PC (personal computer) began to develop all over the world
in 1982, when many young readers were still in their infancy, inte had launched the latest epoch-making proct - 80286 chip, which had a leap forward development compared with 8006 and 8088. Although it was still a 16 bit structure, it contained 134000 transistors inside the CPU, and the clock frequency was graally increased from the initial 6mhz to 20MHz. Its internal and external data bus are 16 bits, address bus is 24 bits, addressable memory is 16MB. Starting from 80286, there are two working modes of CPU: real mode and protection mode< Intel 80286 processor
in 1985, Intel introced 80386 chip, which is the first 32-bit microprocessor in 80x86 series, and the manufacturing process has also made great progress. Compared with 80286, 80386 contains 275000 transistors, and the clock frequency is 12.5mhz, then it is increased to 20MHz, 25MHz and 33MHz. The internal and external data buses of 80386 are 32 bits, and the address bus is 32 bits, which can address up to 4GB of memory. In addition to real mode and protection mode, it also adds a working mode called virtual 86, which can provide multi task capability by simulating multiple 8086 processors at the same time. In addition to the standard 80386 chip, which is often referred to as 80386DX, for different market and application considerations, Intel has launched some other types of 80386 chips: 80386sx, 80386sl, 80386dl, etc. 80386sx introced in 1988 is a chip between 80286 and 80386DX. The difference between 80386DX and 80286 is that the external data bus and address bus are the same as 80286, which are 16 bit and 24 bit respectively (that is, the addressing capacity is 16MB)
80386 SL and 80386 DL introced in 1990 are low-power and energy-saving chips, which are mainly used for portable computers and energy-saving desktop computers. The difference between 80386 SL and 80386 DL is that the former is based on 80386sx, while the latter is based on 80386DX, but both of them add a new working mode: system management mode. After entering the system management mode, the CPU will automatically rece the running speed, control the display screen, hard disk and other parts to stop working, or even stop running, and enter the "sleep" state, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. In 1989, the familiar 80486 chip was introced by Intel. The great thing about this chip is that it broke the limit of 1 million transistors and integrated 1.2 million transistors. The clock frequency of 80486 is graally increased from 25MHz to 33MHz and 50MHz. 80486 integrates 80386, math coprocessor 80387 and 8KB cache in one chip. RISC (reced instruction set) technology is first used in 80x86 series, which can execute an instruction in one clock cycle. It also adopts burst bus mode, which greatly improves the speed of data exchange with memory. As a result of these improvements, the performance of 80486 is four times higher than that of 80386DX with 80387 math coprocessor. Like 80386, 80486 also has several types. The original type described above is 80486dx. 80486sx was introced in 1990. It is a low price model among 486 types. The difference between 80486dx and 80486dx is that it has no mathematical coprocessor. 80486 DX2 uses clock frequency doubling technology, that is to say, the speed inside the chip is twice that of the external bus, that is, the speed inside the chip is twice that of the system clock, but it still communicates with the outside world at the original clock speed. The internal clock frequency of 80486 DX2 mainly includes 40MHz, 50MHz, 66MHz, etc. 80486 DX4 is also a chip with clock frequency doubling technology, which allows its internal unit to run at twice or three times the speed of the external bus. In order to support this improved internal working frequency, its on-chip cache is expanded to 16kb. The clock frequency of 80486 DX4 is 100MHz, which is 40% faster than that of 66MHz 80486 DX2. 80486 also has SL enhanced type, which has system management mode and is used for portable computer or energy-saving desktop computer
[1] al core processors of various brands
Intel
Pentium Dual Core:
is Pentium D and Pentium 4ee with Presler core. Basically, it can be considered that Presler core is a proct of loosely coupling two cedar mill cores
core 1 adopts yonah core architecture
[2] core 2
uses Conroe core (incomplete)
"core" is a new energy-saving micro architecture. The starting point of the design is to provide outstanding performance and energy efficiency, and improve per watt performance, which is the so-called energy efficiency ratio. The early core was based on notebook processors
with the progress of IT technology, the concept of "multi-core" is becoming more and more popular, which mainly refers to the al core technology based on X86 open architecture. In this regard, Intel and AMD are the two leading manufacturers. Among them, the two have different ideas. Amd was designed with multi-core support in mind from the beginning. All components are directly connected to the CPU, eliminating system architecture challenges and bottlenecks. Multiple processor cores are directly connected to the same core, and the communication between cores is at chip speed, which further reces the delay between processors. Intel uses multiple cores to share the front-end bus. Experts believe that AMD's architecture is easier to achieve al core or even multi-core, and Intel's architecture will encounter the bottleneck problem of multiple cores competing for bus resources
the introction of al core processor technology is an effective way to improve processor performance. Because the actual performance of the processor is the total number of processor instructions that the processor can execute in each clock cycle, the number of units that the processor can execute in each clock cycle will be doubled by adding one core. Here we must emphasize that if you want the system to achieve maximum performance, you must make full use of all the executable units in the two kernels: let all the executable units have work to do
al core processors of various brands
Intel
"core" is a new energy-saving micro architecture. The starting point of the design is to provide outstanding performance and energy efficiency, and improve per watt performance, which is the so-called energy efficiency ratio. The early core was based on notebook processors
core 2 Duo is one of the new generation of core micro architecture based proct systems launched by Intel. Published on July 27, 2006. Core 2 is a cross platform architecture, including server version, desktop version and mobile version. Among them, the development code of the server version is Woodcrest, the development code of the desktop version is Conroe, and the development code of the mobile version is Merom<
features:
brand new core architecture
all adopt 65nm manufacturing process
the whole line of procts are single core, al core and four core. So far, there are two versions of L2 cache capacity: 2MB and 4MB. There was a 2MB cache capacity when it was launched
performance improved by 40%
energy consumption reced by 40%, The average energy consumption of mainstream procts is 65 watts
the front-end bus is upgraded to 1066 MHz (Conroe), 1333 MHz (Woodcrest), 667 MHz (Merom)
the server Woodcrest is the development code, and the actual proct name is Xeon 5100 series
LGA771 interface is adopted
Xeon 5100 series contains two FSB specifications (1066 MHz for 5110 and 1333 MHz for 5130). With two processing cores and 4MB shared L2 cache, the average power consumption is 65W, and the maximum power consumption is only 80W, which is superior to the 95w power consumption of Opteron of AMD
Conroe processors for desktop computers can be divided into ordinary version and supreme version. The proct line includes E6000 series and E4000 series. The main difference between them is the frequency of FSB
the main frequency of common E6000 series processor ranges from 1.8GHz to 2.67GHz. Although the frequency is low, the performance of Conroe processor is excellent e to its excellent core architecture. In addition, Conroe processor also supports Intel's VT, eist, EM64T and XD technologies, and adds sup-sse3 instruction set, also known as ssse3 instruction set. Due to the efficient architecture of core, Conroe no longer provides HT support<
amd
amd means that the processor slot is socket am2940 pin
AMD's Athlon 64 series processor has been popular in the market for more than a year e to the integration of memory controller
development history
CPU in x86 era can be traced back to 1971. In that year, Intel, which was still in the development stage, launched the world's first microprocessor 4004. This is not only the first 4-bit microprocessor for calculators, but also the first computer processor that indivials can afford! 4004 contains 2300 transistors. Its functions are quite limited and its speed is still very slow. It was despised by the then big blue IBM and most commercial users. However, it is an epoch-making proct after all. Since then, Intel has formed an indissoluble bond with microprocessors. It can be said that the historical development of CPU is actually the development of Intel's x86 Series CPU, which is the "journey of CPU history"
in 1978, Intel led the trend again. It proced a 16 bit microprocessor named i8086 for the first time. At the same time, it also proced the corresponding mathematical coprocessor i8087. The two chips used compatible instruction sets, but added some special instructions for logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions in the i8087 instruction set. Because these instruction sets are used in i8086 and i8087, they are also called x86 instruction sets. Although Intel successively proced the second and third generation of more advanced and faster new CPUs, they were still compatible with the original x86 instructions. Moreover, Intel continued to use the original x86 sequence in the naming of subsequent CPUs, until it gave up using Arabic numerals e to trademark registration problems. As for other companies that grew up later, such as AMD and Cyrix, the CPU before 486 (including 486) was named after Intel's x86 Series CPU. However, in the 586 era, the market competition became more and more fierce. Due to the trademark registration problem, they could not continue to use the same or similar names as Intel's x86 series, I have to name my 586 and 686 compatible CPUs separately< In 1979, Intel introced 8088 chip, which is still a 16 bit microprocessor with 29000 transistors, clock frequency of 4.77mhz, address bus of 20 bits and 1MB Memory. The internal data bus of 8088 is 16 bits, the external data bus is 8 bits, and its brother 8086 is 16 bits. In 1981, 8088 chip was first used in IBM PC, creating a new era of microcomputer. It is also from 8088 that the concept of PC (personal computer) began to develop all over the world
in 1982, when many young readers were still in their infancy, inte had launched the latest epoch-making proct - 80286 chip, which had a leap forward development compared with 8006 and 8088. Although it was still a 16 bit structure, it contained 134000 transistors inside the CPU, and the clock frequency was graally increased from the initial 6mhz to 20MHz. Its internal and external data bus are 16 bits, address bus is 24 bits, addressable memory is 16MB. Starting from 80286, there are two working modes of CPU: real mode and protection mode< Intel 80286 processor
in 1985, Intel introced 80386 chip, which is the first 32-bit microprocessor in 80x86 series, and the manufacturing process has also made great progress. Compared with 80286, 80386 contains 275000 transistors, and the clock frequency is 12.5mhz, then it is increased to 20MHz, 25MHz and 33MHz. The internal and external data buses of 80386 are 32 bits, and the address bus is 32 bits, which can address up to 4GB of memory. In addition to real mode and protection mode, it also adds a working mode called virtual 86, which can provide multi task capability by simulating multiple 8086 processors at the same time. In addition to the standard 80386 chip, which is often referred to as 80386DX, for different market and application considerations, Intel has launched some other types of 80386 chips: 80386sx, 80386sl, 80386dl, etc. 80386sx introced in 1988 is a chip between 80286 and 80386DX. The difference between 80386DX and 80286 is that the external data bus and address bus are the same as 80286, which are 16 bit and 24 bit respectively (that is, the addressing capacity is 16MB)
80386 SL and 80386 DL introced in 1990 are low-power and energy-saving chips, which are mainly used for portable computers and energy-saving desktop computers. The difference between 80386 SL and 80386 DL is that the former is based on 80386sx, while the latter is based on 80386DX, but both of them add a new working mode: system management mode. After entering the system management mode, the CPU will automatically rece the running speed, control the display screen, hard disk and other parts to stop working, or even stop running, and enter the "sleep" state, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. In 1989, the familiar 80486 chip was introced by Intel. The great thing about this chip is that it broke the limit of 1 million transistors and integrated 1.2 million transistors. The clock frequency of 80486 is graally increased from 25MHz to 33MHz and 50MHz. 80486 integrates 80386, math coprocessor 80387 and 8KB cache in one chip. RISC (reced instruction set) technology is first used in 80x86 series, which can execute an instruction in one clock cycle. It also adopts burst bus mode, which greatly improves the speed of data exchange with memory. As a result of these improvements, the performance of 80486 is four times higher than that of 80386DX with 80387 math coprocessor. Like 80386, 80486 also has several types. The original type described above is 80486dx. 80486sx was introced in 1990. It is a low price model among 486 types. The difference between 80486dx and 80486dx is that it has no mathematical coprocessor. 80486 DX2 uses clock frequency doubling technology, that is to say, the speed inside the chip is twice that of the external bus, that is, the speed inside the chip is twice that of the system clock, but it still communicates with the outside world at the original clock speed. The internal clock frequency of 80486 DX2 mainly includes 40MHz, 50MHz, 66MHz, etc. 80486 DX4 is also a chip with clock frequency doubling technology, which allows its internal unit to run at twice or three times the speed of the external bus. In order to support this improved internal working frequency, its on-chip cache is expanded to 16kb. The clock frequency of 80486 DX4 is 100MHz, which is 40% faster than that of 66MHz 80486 DX2. 80486 also has SL enhanced type, which has system management mode and is used for portable computer or energy-saving desktop computer
[1] al core processors of various brands
Intel
Pentium Dual Core:
is Pentium D and Pentium 4ee with Presler core. Basically, it can be considered that Presler core is a proct of loosely coupling two cedar mill cores
core 1 adopts yonah core architecture
[2] core 2
uses Conroe core (incomplete)
"core" is a new energy-saving micro architecture. The starting point of the design is to provide outstanding performance and energy efficiency, and improve per watt performance, which is the so-called energy efficiency ratio. The early core was based on notebook processors
with the progress of IT technology, the concept of "multi-core" is becoming more and more popular, which mainly refers to the al core technology based on X86 open architecture. In this regard, Intel and AMD are the two leading manufacturers. Among them, the two have different ideas. Amd was designed with multi-core support in mind from the beginning. All components are directly connected to the CPU, eliminating system architecture challenges and bottlenecks. Multiple processor cores are directly connected to the same core, and the communication between cores is at chip speed, which further reces the delay between processors. Intel uses multiple cores to share the front-end bus. Experts believe that AMD's architecture is easier to achieve al core or even multi-core, and Intel's architecture will encounter the bottleneck problem of multiple cores competing for bus resources
the introction of al core processor technology is an effective way to improve processor performance. Because the actual performance of the processor is the total number of processor instructions that the processor can execute in each clock cycle, the number of units that the processor can execute in each clock cycle will be doubled by adding one core. Here we must emphasize that if you want the system to achieve maximum performance, you must make full use of all the executable units in the two kernels: let all the executable units have work to do
al core processors of various brands
Intel
"core" is a new energy-saving micro architecture. The starting point of the design is to provide outstanding performance and energy efficiency, and improve per watt performance, which is the so-called energy efficiency ratio. The early core was based on notebook processors
core 2 Duo is one of the new generation of core micro architecture based proct systems launched by Intel. Published on July 27, 2006. Core 2 is a cross platform architecture, including server version, desktop version and mobile version. Among them, the development code of the server version is Woodcrest, the development code of the desktop version is Conroe, and the development code of the mobile version is Merom<
features:
brand new core architecture
all adopt 65nm manufacturing process
the whole line of procts are single core, al core and four core. So far, there are two versions of L2 cache capacity: 2MB and 4MB. There was a 2MB cache capacity when it was launched
performance improved by 40%
energy consumption reced by 40%, The average energy consumption of mainstream procts is 65 watts
the front-end bus is upgraded to 1066 MHz (Conroe), 1333 MHz (Woodcrest), 667 MHz (Merom)
the server Woodcrest is the development code, and the actual proct name is Xeon 5100 series
LGA771 interface is adopted
Xeon 5100 series contains two FSB specifications (1066 MHz for 5110 and 1333 MHz for 5130). With two processing cores and 4MB shared L2 cache, the average power consumption is 65W, and the maximum power consumption is only 80W, which is superior to the 95w power consumption of Opteron of AMD
Conroe processors for desktop computers can be divided into ordinary version and supreme version. The proct line includes E6000 series and E4000 series. The main difference between them is the frequency of FSB
the main frequency of common E6000 series processor ranges from 1.8GHz to 2.67GHz. Although the frequency is low, the performance of Conroe processor is excellent e to its excellent core architecture. In addition, Conroe processor also supports Intel's VT, eist, EM64T and XD technologies, and adds sup-sse3 instruction set, also known as ssse3 instruction set. Due to the efficient architecture of core, Conroe no longer provides HT support<
amd
amd means that the processor slot is socket am2940 pin
AMD's Athlon 64 series processor has been popular in the market for more than a year e to the integration of memory controller
6. Gynecological inflammation and uterine fibroids are common gynecological diseases. For doctors at this level of the center, they should have no problem. If you want to choose, you can find a doctor in his 30s or 40s
7. The development of computer is mainly reflected in the development of its core component microprocessor. Whenever a new type of microprocessor appears, it will drive the corresponding development of other parts of the computer system, such as the further optimization of computer architecture, the continuous increase of memory access capacity and access speed, The continuous improvement of peripheral equipment and the emergence of new equipment
according to the word length and function of microprocessor, its development can be divided into the following stages< The first stage (1971-1973) is the era of 4-bit and 8-bit low-end microprocessors, commonly known as the first generation. Its typical procts are intel4004 and intel8008 microprocessors and mcs-4 and mcs-8 microprocessors composed of them respectively. The basic features are PMOS technology, low integration (4000 transistors / chip), simple system structure and instruction system, mainly using machine language or simple assembly language, less number of instructions (more than 20 instructions), and basic instruction cycle of 20 ~ 50 μ s. It is used in simple control situation
in 1969, Intel started to develop the first microprocessor for a project of busicom, a Japanese computer manufacturer, and developed several chips for a series of programmable computers. Finally, Intel launched the 4004 microprocessor to the global market on November 15, 1971. At that time, the Intel 4004 processor sold for $200 each. 4004 is Intel's first microprocessor, which lays the foundation for the future development of system intelligence and personal computers. It has about 2300 transistors< The second stage (1974-1977) is the era of 8-bit medium and high-end microprocessors, which is usually called the second generation. Its typical procts are Intel 8080 / 8085, Motorola, zlog's Z80, etc. They are characterized by the adoption of NMOS technology, the integration is increased by about 4 times, the operation speed is increased by about 10 ~ 15 times (the basic instruction execution time is 1 ~ 2 times) μ s The instruction system is perfect, with typical computer architecture and interrupt, DMA and other control functions. In terms of software, besides assembly language, there are also high-level languages such as basic and FORTRAN, as well as corresponding interpreter and compiler. In the later stage, the operating system appeared
in 1974, Intel introced 8080 processor, which is the computing core of Altair personal computer. Altair is the destination of enterprise spaceship in Star Trek TV series. Fans could buy a set of Altair kits for $395. It sold tens of thousands of units in a few months, becoming the first model in history to be manufactured after placing an order. Intel 8080 has about 6000 transistors< The third stage (1978-1984) is the era of 16 bit microprocessors, commonly known as the third generation. Its typical procts are Intel 8086 / 8088, Motorola M68000 and ZILOG z8000. It is characterized by HMOs technology, integration (20000 ~ 70000 transistors / chip) and operation speed (basic instruction execution time is 0.5) μ s) It is an order of magnitude higher than the second generation. The instruction system is more abundant and perfect, with multi-level interrupt, multiple addressing modes, segment storage mechanism, hardware multiplication and division unit, and software system. The famous microcomputer procts in this period were IBM's personal computers. In 1981, the personal computer developed by IBM adopted 8088 CPU. Then, in 1982, the expanded personal computer IBM PC / XT was introced, which expanded the memory and added a hard disk drive<
80286 (also known as 286) is Intel's first processor that can execute the exclusive software of all old processors. This software compatibility later became a registered trademark of Intel's full range of microprocessors. In the six-year sales period, it is estimated that 15 million 286 personal computers have been installed around the world. Intel 80286 processor has 134000 transistors. In 1984, IBM company launched a 16 bit enhanced personal computer IBM PC / at with 80286 processor as the core. Because IBM adopted the strategy of technology opening in the development of personal computer, personal computer became popular all over the world< The fourth stage (1985-1992) is the era of 32-bit microprocessor, also known as the fourth generation. Its typical procts are Intel 80386 / 80486, Motorola m69030 / 68040, etc. It features HMOs or CMOS process, integration up to 1 million transistors / chip, 32-bit address line and 32-bit data bus. It can complete 6 million MIPS per second. The function of microcomputer has reached or even surpassed that of super minicomputer, and it can be competent for multi task and multi-user work. At the same time, some other microprocessor manufacturers (such as AMD, Texas, etc.) also launched 80386 / 80486 series chips
the internal and external data bus of 80386DX is 32-bit, and the address bus is 32-bit, which can address to 4GB of memory and manage 64tb of virtual storage space. In addition to real mode and protection mode, its operation mode also adds a "virtual 86" working mode, which can provide multi task capability by simulating multiple 8086 microprocessors at the same time. 80386sx is a cheap and popular CPU introced by Intel in order to expand its market share. Its internal data bus is 32 bits and external data bus is 16 bits. It can accept the 16 bit input / output interface chip developed for 80286 and rece the cost of the whole machine. After the launch of 80386sx, it is widely welcomed by the market, because the performance of 80386sx is much better than 80286, and the price is only one third of 80386. Intel 80386 contains 275000 transistors - more than 100 times the original 4004. This 32-bit processor supports multitasking design for the first time, and can execute multiple programs at the same time. Intel 80386 has about 275000 transistors< In 1989, Intel introced 80486 chip, which we all know well. The great thing about this chip, which has been developed for four years and invested 300 million US dollars, is that it has broken the limit of 1 million transistors for the first time, integrated 1.2 million transistors and used 1 micron manufacturing process. The clock frequency of 80486 is graally increased from 25MHz to 33MHz, 40MHz and 50MHz<
80486 integrates 80386, mathematical coprocessor 80387 and an 8KB cache in one chip. The digital operation speed of 80487 integrated in 80486 is twice that of 80387 before. The internal cache shortens the waiting time of microprocessor and slow DRAM. In addition, RISC (reced instruction set) technology is used for the first time in 80x86 series, which can execute an instruction in a clock cycle. It also adopts burst bus mode, which greatly improves the speed of data exchange with memory. As a result of these improvements, the performance of 80486 is four times higher than that of 80386 DX with 80387 math coprocessor
stage 5
stage 5 (1993-2005) is the era of Pentium series microprocessors, commonly known as the 5th generation. The typical procts are Intel's Pentium series chips and AMD's K6 and K7 series microprocessor chips. Superscalar instruction pipeline structure is used in the system, and independent instruction and data caches are provided. With the emergence of MMX (multi media extended) microprocessors, the development of microcomputers has stepped onto a higher level in networking, multimedia and intelligence
the Pentium II processor introced in 1997 combines with Intel MMX technology, which can process movies, sound effects and drawing data with high efficiency. It is the first time to use single edge contact (S.E.C) box package with built-in high-speed cache memory. The chip allows computer users to capture, edit, and share digital photos with relatives and friends over the Internet, edit and add text, music or make transition effects of home movies, use video phones, and send movies over standard telephone lines and the Internet. The Intel Pentium II processor has 7.5 million transistors<
the Pentium III processor launched in 1999 adds 70 new instructions and the Internet streaming SIMD extension set, called MMX, which can greatly improve the performance of advanced video, 3D, streaming music, film, voice recognition and other applications. It can greatly enhance the experience of Internet use, allowing users to browse lifelike online museums and stores, and download high-quality films, Intel introces 0.25 micron technology for the first time, and the number of Intel Pentium III transistors is about 9.5 million
in the same year, Intel also released the Pentium iiixeon processor. As the successor of Pentium II Xeon, in addition to adopting a new design in the kernel architecture, it also inherits the new 70 instruction sets of Pentium III processor to better execute multimedia and streaming media applications. In addition to facing the enterprise class market, Pentium III Xeon strengthens the capabilities of e-commerce applications and high-level business computing. In the cache speed and system bus structure, there are also a lot of progress, greatly improve the performance, and designed for better multi processor cooperative work
in 2000, Intel released the Pentium 4 processor. Using the personal computer based on Pentium 4 processor, users can create professional quality films, transmit TV quality images through the Internet, communicate with voice and images in real time, render 3D images in real time, quickly encode and decode MP3, and run multiple multimedia software when connecting to the Internet
Pentium 4 processor integrates 42 million transistors, and the improved version of Pentium 4 (Northwood) integrates 55 million transistors; And start to use 0.18 micron for manufacturing, the initial speed reached 1.5GHz< The SSE2 instruction set provided by Pentium 4 has 144 new instructions. The 128 bit compressed data can only be processed in the form of four single precision floating-point values in SSE, while in SSE2 instruction set, the data can be processed in a variety of data structures:
four single precision floating-point numbers (SSE) correspond to two double precision floating-point numbers (SSE2); Corresponding to 16 bytes (SSE2); Corresponding to 8 words; Corresponding to 4 double words (SSE2); Corresponding to two four word numbers (SSE2); It corresponds to a 128 bit integer (SSE2)< In 2003, Intel released the Pentium M (mobile) processor. In the past, although there were mobile versions of Pentium II, III, and even Pentium 4-m procts, these procts were still based on the design of desktop computer processor, adding some new features of energy saving and management. Even so, the energy consumption of Pentium iii-m and Pentium 4-m is much higher than that of CPUs specially designed for mobile computing, such as the processor of quanmeida
the Intel Pentium M processor combines the 855 chipset family with the Intel Pro / wireless2100 network online technology, becoming the most important part of Intel Centrino mobile computing technology. Pentium M processor can provide up to 1.60ghz main frequency speed, and includes various performance enhancement functions, such as 400MHz system bus for optimal power supply, micro opsfusion and dedicated stack manager. These tools can quickly execute instruction set and save power
in 2005, Intel launched al core processors, including Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition. At the same time, it launched 945 / 955 / 965 / 975 chipsets to support the new al core processors. The two new al core processors proced by 90nm process use LGA 775 interface without pins, but the chip capacitance at the bottom of the processor is small
according to the word length and function of microprocessor, its development can be divided into the following stages< The first stage (1971-1973) is the era of 4-bit and 8-bit low-end microprocessors, commonly known as the first generation. Its typical procts are intel4004 and intel8008 microprocessors and mcs-4 and mcs-8 microprocessors composed of them respectively. The basic features are PMOS technology, low integration (4000 transistors / chip), simple system structure and instruction system, mainly using machine language or simple assembly language, less number of instructions (more than 20 instructions), and basic instruction cycle of 20 ~ 50 μ s. It is used in simple control situation
in 1969, Intel started to develop the first microprocessor for a project of busicom, a Japanese computer manufacturer, and developed several chips for a series of programmable computers. Finally, Intel launched the 4004 microprocessor to the global market on November 15, 1971. At that time, the Intel 4004 processor sold for $200 each. 4004 is Intel's first microprocessor, which lays the foundation for the future development of system intelligence and personal computers. It has about 2300 transistors< The second stage (1974-1977) is the era of 8-bit medium and high-end microprocessors, which is usually called the second generation. Its typical procts are Intel 8080 / 8085, Motorola, zlog's Z80, etc. They are characterized by the adoption of NMOS technology, the integration is increased by about 4 times, the operation speed is increased by about 10 ~ 15 times (the basic instruction execution time is 1 ~ 2 times) μ s The instruction system is perfect, with typical computer architecture and interrupt, DMA and other control functions. In terms of software, besides assembly language, there are also high-level languages such as basic and FORTRAN, as well as corresponding interpreter and compiler. In the later stage, the operating system appeared
in 1974, Intel introced 8080 processor, which is the computing core of Altair personal computer. Altair is the destination of enterprise spaceship in Star Trek TV series. Fans could buy a set of Altair kits for $395. It sold tens of thousands of units in a few months, becoming the first model in history to be manufactured after placing an order. Intel 8080 has about 6000 transistors< The third stage (1978-1984) is the era of 16 bit microprocessors, commonly known as the third generation. Its typical procts are Intel 8086 / 8088, Motorola M68000 and ZILOG z8000. It is characterized by HMOs technology, integration (20000 ~ 70000 transistors / chip) and operation speed (basic instruction execution time is 0.5) μ s) It is an order of magnitude higher than the second generation. The instruction system is more abundant and perfect, with multi-level interrupt, multiple addressing modes, segment storage mechanism, hardware multiplication and division unit, and software system. The famous microcomputer procts in this period were IBM's personal computers. In 1981, the personal computer developed by IBM adopted 8088 CPU. Then, in 1982, the expanded personal computer IBM PC / XT was introced, which expanded the memory and added a hard disk drive<
80286 (also known as 286) is Intel's first processor that can execute the exclusive software of all old processors. This software compatibility later became a registered trademark of Intel's full range of microprocessors. In the six-year sales period, it is estimated that 15 million 286 personal computers have been installed around the world. Intel 80286 processor has 134000 transistors. In 1984, IBM company launched a 16 bit enhanced personal computer IBM PC / at with 80286 processor as the core. Because IBM adopted the strategy of technology opening in the development of personal computer, personal computer became popular all over the world< The fourth stage (1985-1992) is the era of 32-bit microprocessor, also known as the fourth generation. Its typical procts are Intel 80386 / 80486, Motorola m69030 / 68040, etc. It features HMOs or CMOS process, integration up to 1 million transistors / chip, 32-bit address line and 32-bit data bus. It can complete 6 million MIPS per second. The function of microcomputer has reached or even surpassed that of super minicomputer, and it can be competent for multi task and multi-user work. At the same time, some other microprocessor manufacturers (such as AMD, Texas, etc.) also launched 80386 / 80486 series chips
the internal and external data bus of 80386DX is 32-bit, and the address bus is 32-bit, which can address to 4GB of memory and manage 64tb of virtual storage space. In addition to real mode and protection mode, its operation mode also adds a "virtual 86" working mode, which can provide multi task capability by simulating multiple 8086 microprocessors at the same time. 80386sx is a cheap and popular CPU introced by Intel in order to expand its market share. Its internal data bus is 32 bits and external data bus is 16 bits. It can accept the 16 bit input / output interface chip developed for 80286 and rece the cost of the whole machine. After the launch of 80386sx, it is widely welcomed by the market, because the performance of 80386sx is much better than 80286, and the price is only one third of 80386. Intel 80386 contains 275000 transistors - more than 100 times the original 4004. This 32-bit processor supports multitasking design for the first time, and can execute multiple programs at the same time. Intel 80386 has about 275000 transistors< In 1989, Intel introced 80486 chip, which we all know well. The great thing about this chip, which has been developed for four years and invested 300 million US dollars, is that it has broken the limit of 1 million transistors for the first time, integrated 1.2 million transistors and used 1 micron manufacturing process. The clock frequency of 80486 is graally increased from 25MHz to 33MHz, 40MHz and 50MHz<
80486 integrates 80386, mathematical coprocessor 80387 and an 8KB cache in one chip. The digital operation speed of 80487 integrated in 80486 is twice that of 80387 before. The internal cache shortens the waiting time of microprocessor and slow DRAM. In addition, RISC (reced instruction set) technology is used for the first time in 80x86 series, which can execute an instruction in a clock cycle. It also adopts burst bus mode, which greatly improves the speed of data exchange with memory. As a result of these improvements, the performance of 80486 is four times higher than that of 80386 DX with 80387 math coprocessor
stage 5
stage 5 (1993-2005) is the era of Pentium series microprocessors, commonly known as the 5th generation. The typical procts are Intel's Pentium series chips and AMD's K6 and K7 series microprocessor chips. Superscalar instruction pipeline structure is used in the system, and independent instruction and data caches are provided. With the emergence of MMX (multi media extended) microprocessors, the development of microcomputers has stepped onto a higher level in networking, multimedia and intelligence
the Pentium II processor introced in 1997 combines with Intel MMX technology, which can process movies, sound effects and drawing data with high efficiency. It is the first time to use single edge contact (S.E.C) box package with built-in high-speed cache memory. The chip allows computer users to capture, edit, and share digital photos with relatives and friends over the Internet, edit and add text, music or make transition effects of home movies, use video phones, and send movies over standard telephone lines and the Internet. The Intel Pentium II processor has 7.5 million transistors<
the Pentium III processor launched in 1999 adds 70 new instructions and the Internet streaming SIMD extension set, called MMX, which can greatly improve the performance of advanced video, 3D, streaming music, film, voice recognition and other applications. It can greatly enhance the experience of Internet use, allowing users to browse lifelike online museums and stores, and download high-quality films, Intel introces 0.25 micron technology for the first time, and the number of Intel Pentium III transistors is about 9.5 million
in the same year, Intel also released the Pentium iiixeon processor. As the successor of Pentium II Xeon, in addition to adopting a new design in the kernel architecture, it also inherits the new 70 instruction sets of Pentium III processor to better execute multimedia and streaming media applications. In addition to facing the enterprise class market, Pentium III Xeon strengthens the capabilities of e-commerce applications and high-level business computing. In the cache speed and system bus structure, there are also a lot of progress, greatly improve the performance, and designed for better multi processor cooperative work
in 2000, Intel released the Pentium 4 processor. Using the personal computer based on Pentium 4 processor, users can create professional quality films, transmit TV quality images through the Internet, communicate with voice and images in real time, render 3D images in real time, quickly encode and decode MP3, and run multiple multimedia software when connecting to the Internet
Pentium 4 processor integrates 42 million transistors, and the improved version of Pentium 4 (Northwood) integrates 55 million transistors; And start to use 0.18 micron for manufacturing, the initial speed reached 1.5GHz< The SSE2 instruction set provided by Pentium 4 has 144 new instructions. The 128 bit compressed data can only be processed in the form of four single precision floating-point values in SSE, while in SSE2 instruction set, the data can be processed in a variety of data structures:
four single precision floating-point numbers (SSE) correspond to two double precision floating-point numbers (SSE2); Corresponding to 16 bytes (SSE2); Corresponding to 8 words; Corresponding to 4 double words (SSE2); Corresponding to two four word numbers (SSE2); It corresponds to a 128 bit integer (SSE2)< In 2003, Intel released the Pentium M (mobile) processor. In the past, although there were mobile versions of Pentium II, III, and even Pentium 4-m procts, these procts were still based on the design of desktop computer processor, adding some new features of energy saving and management. Even so, the energy consumption of Pentium iii-m and Pentium 4-m is much higher than that of CPUs specially designed for mobile computing, such as the processor of quanmeida
the Intel Pentium M processor combines the 855 chipset family with the Intel Pro / wireless2100 network online technology, becoming the most important part of Intel Centrino mobile computing technology. Pentium M processor can provide up to 1.60ghz main frequency speed, and includes various performance enhancement functions, such as 400MHz system bus for optimal power supply, micro opsfusion and dedicated stack manager. These tools can quickly execute instruction set and save power
in 2005, Intel launched al core processors, including Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition. At the same time, it launched 945 / 955 / 965 / 975 chipsets to support the new al core processors. The two new al core processors proced by 90nm process use LGA 775 interface without pins, but the chip capacitance at the bottom of the processor is small
8. It's better to go to the obstetrics and gynecology hospital. It's divided into different departments. The doctor focuses on obstetrics and Gynecology, and the treatment will be more targeted
9. 4. I3 has low power consumption, low heating, energy saving and environmental protection< The main frequency is 2.9ghz, the external frequency is 200MHz, and the frequency doubling is 14.5x. It adopts 45nm process and AM3 interface design, which can support DDR3 memory. Core code "regor", it is a al core processor. Each core has its own 128KB L1 cache and 1MB L2 cache, so it provides a total of 2Mb L2 cache, but it does not have L3 cache. The maximum thermal design power consumption of the processor is only 65W, and the default voltage is 0.85-1.425v. Similar procts include Athlon II x2 240, 250, etc.
2. The main frequency is up to 2.7ghz, the external frequency is 200MHz, the built-in 4x512k L2 cache and the 938 pin AM3 interface design are adopted. Compared with the three cores of phenom II, the biggest difference is that the three cores of Athlon II cancel the three-level cache
4, The external frequency is 200MHz, and the frequency doubling is 15x. Each core has an independent level 1 and level 2 cache, with a capacity of 128kbytes and 512Kbytes respectively. The processor also has a built-in 6MB Level 3 cache, which is shared by all cores. The socket AM3 interface is packaged with an advanced 45nm SOI manufacturing process. It has 761 million transistors, a core area of 258 square mm, and a power consumption of 95w. CPU supports SSE, SSE2, sse3, sse4a multimedia instruction set and x86-64 operation instruction set
2.3 CPU classification, structure and main performance indicators
2.3.1 CPU classification
there are many kinds of CPU classification methods< According to CPU manufacturers: Intel, amd
2. By CPU interface: socket, slot, LGA, AM2, AM3
3. By CPU number: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
4. By number of cores: single, al, multi
5. By application: desktop version, server version (Xeon), mobile version<
2.3.2 CPU structure
from the external structure of CPU, CPU mainly consists of two parts: one is the kernel, the other is the substrate<
1. CPU core: LSI
2. CPU substrate: bearing core, fixed pins
3. CPU coding: marking model, main parameters and other information
examples: Intel e4500, Intel Core 2 Duo, sla95 Malay, 2.20ghz/2m/800/06, l732a771
e stands for desktop CPU, specification 4500, new generation core micro architecture based proct system, al core, sla95 stands for s-spec number of processor, Malay at the back is Malaysia, working frequency / L2 cache size / front-end bus frequency / 06 stands for its core step number, which is a 2.2GHz CPU with 2MB L2 cache and 800MHz front-end bus. L732a771, indicating the serial number of the proct< The interface of CPU: the connection mode between CPU and motherboard
at present, it is mainly divided into two categories:
one is the socket type of pin encapsulation; the other is the socket type of pin encapsulation
LGA (grid array package) with metal contact package<
the former is mostly used for AMD's CPU, while the latter is mostly used for Intel's CPU.
Intel's 478 pin supports 32-bit P4 CPU
Intel's LGA775 package supports Intel's 64 bit P4 CPU
Intel's LGA1156 package supports Intel's core I3, i5 and i7 series CPUs
Intel's lga1366 package supports Intel's Core i7 and i5 series CPUs
AMD's 939 pin, support k83000 64 bit CPU
am2940 pin, support AMD's 64 bit CPU 4000 + ~ 5000 +
AM3 938 pin, supports the latest amd al core, 3-core and 4-core CPU
2. The main frequency is up to 2.7ghz, the external frequency is 200MHz, the built-in 4x512k L2 cache and the 938 pin AM3 interface design are adopted. Compared with the three cores of phenom II, the biggest difference is that the three cores of Athlon II cancel the three-level cache
4, The external frequency is 200MHz, and the frequency doubling is 15x. Each core has an independent level 1 and level 2 cache, with a capacity of 128kbytes and 512Kbytes respectively. The processor also has a built-in 6MB Level 3 cache, which is shared by all cores. The socket AM3 interface is packaged with an advanced 45nm SOI manufacturing process. It has 761 million transistors, a core area of 258 square mm, and a power consumption of 95w. CPU supports SSE, SSE2, sse3, sse4a multimedia instruction set and x86-64 operation instruction set
2.3 CPU classification, structure and main performance indicators
2.3.1 CPU classification
there are many kinds of CPU classification methods< According to CPU manufacturers: Intel, amd
2. By CPU interface: socket, slot, LGA, AM2, AM3
3. By CPU number: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
4. By number of cores: single, al, multi
5. By application: desktop version, server version (Xeon), mobile version<
2.3.2 CPU structure
from the external structure of CPU, CPU mainly consists of two parts: one is the kernel, the other is the substrate<
1. CPU core: LSI
2. CPU substrate: bearing core, fixed pins
3. CPU coding: marking model, main parameters and other information
examples: Intel e4500, Intel Core 2 Duo, sla95 Malay, 2.20ghz/2m/800/06, l732a771
e stands for desktop CPU, specification 4500, new generation core micro architecture based proct system, al core, sla95 stands for s-spec number of processor, Malay at the back is Malaysia, working frequency / L2 cache size / front-end bus frequency / 06 stands for its core step number, which is a 2.2GHz CPU with 2MB L2 cache and 800MHz front-end bus. L732a771, indicating the serial number of the proct< The interface of CPU: the connection mode between CPU and motherboard
at present, it is mainly divided into two categories:
one is the socket type of pin encapsulation; the other is the socket type of pin encapsulation
LGA (grid array package) with metal contact package<
the former is mostly used for AMD's CPU, while the latter is mostly used for Intel's CPU.
Intel's 478 pin supports 32-bit P4 CPU
Intel's LGA775 package supports Intel's 64 bit P4 CPU
Intel's LGA1156 package supports Intel's core I3, i5 and i7 series CPUs
Intel's lga1366 package supports Intel's Core i7 and i5 series CPUs
AMD's 939 pin, support k83000 64 bit CPU
am2940 pin, support AMD's 64 bit CPU 4000 + ~ 5000 +
AM3 938 pin, supports the latest amd al core, 3-core and 4-core CPU
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