Shanghai Mental Health Center to Wuhan
Publish: 2021-05-01 15:41:23
1. Which district mental health center are you going to? Do you have a specific address
is it Shanghai Mental Health Center
get on the bus no.218 (Shanghai South Station)
take 4 stops to get off the bus (Lingling Road Shuangfeng North Road Station)
walk about 6 minutes and 30 seconds from the starting point to get on the bus, walk about 4 minutes and 30 seconds after getting off the bus to get to the terminal, take 4.4km to get on the bus of Metro Line 1 (Shanghai South Station), take 2 stops to get off the bus (Shanghai Gymnasium station), walk about 1 minute to the transfer point, and then transfer to Metro Line 4 (Shanghai Gymnasium station), Take one stop and get off at (Shanghai Stadium Station)
it takes about 2 minutes and 30 seconds to get on the bus from the starting point, and it takes about 9 minutes and 30 seconds to get to the terminal after getting off the bus, which is 4.5 km
is it Shanghai Mental Health Center
get on the bus no.218 (Shanghai South Station)
take 4 stops to get off the bus (Lingling Road Shuangfeng North Road Station)
walk about 6 minutes and 30 seconds from the starting point to get on the bus, walk about 4 minutes and 30 seconds after getting off the bus to get to the terminal, take 4.4km to get on the bus of Metro Line 1 (Shanghai South Station), take 2 stops to get off the bus (Shanghai Gymnasium station), walk about 1 minute to the transfer point, and then transfer to Metro Line 4 (Shanghai Gymnasium station), Take one stop and get off at (Shanghai Stadium Station)
it takes about 2 minutes and 30 seconds to get on the bus from the starting point, and it takes about 9 minutes and 30 seconds to get to the terminal after getting off the bus, which is 4.5 km
2. Problem analysis:
Hello, generally speaking, this is a psychological problem, which may be caused by the environment in daily life and their own personality and behavior factors. We should pay attention to maintain a good attitude and self-regulation<
suggestions:
Hello, if the symptoms are serious and can't be relieved through self-regulation, it's better to consult a psychologist in person,
Hello, generally speaking, this is a psychological problem, which may be caused by the environment in daily life and their own personality and behavior factors. We should pay attention to maintain a good attitude and self-regulation<
suggestions:
Hello, if the symptoms are serious and can't be relieved through self-regulation, it's better to consult a psychologist in person,
3. Route 1: from Dongtai Road, take no.864 (Longhua Airport Jiangxi middle road Hankou Road) to Longhua Hospital. About 6.8km
Route 2: from Laoximen, take Metro Line 8 (Yaohua Road subway station Shiguang Road), transfer to Metro Line 4 (Yishan Road Yishan Road) at Xizang South Road, transfer to no.733 (changfengxincun Lupu Bridge) at Dong'an Road, and reach Longhua Hospital. About 6.99km
Route 2: from Laoximen, take Metro Line 8 (Yaohua Road subway station Shiguang Road), transfer to Metro Line 4 (Yishan Road Yishan Road) at Xizang South Road, transfer to no.733 (changfengxincun Lupu Bridge) at Dong'an Road, and reach Longhua Hospital. About 6.99km
4. This is at No. 600, Wanping South Road, Xuhui District. Take Metro Line 4, get off at Shanghai Stadium station, exit 2, and walk 450 meters.
5. The child just went to primary school this year. He has been in good health all the time. He is fat and cute. Of course, he is not so fat. All of a sudden, one day, when the child is in school extracurricular activities, he suddenly fights with other children, and yells like crazy. When the teacher called me, the child had been sent to the Shanghai Mental Health Center. The doctor of the Shanghai Mental Health Center Hospital said that the child had epilepsy, or a sudden mental illness. I don't agree with this statement. Epilepsy is epilepsy. How can the doctor of Shanghai Mental Health Center describe it as a mental illness, child
6.
Credit creation can promote the development of commodity economy to a certain extent< In the process of realizing the value of enterprise goods, derivative deposits rece the time of goods staying in the market, which is concive to the smooth process of social reproction
2. Speed up the turnover of social funds and rece the amount and time of capital precipitation in enterprises and other departments. However, credit creation can not go beyond certain limits. If credit is blindly and excessively expanded, it will lead to economic overheating, inflation, false prosperity and imbalance of economic structure. In western countries, the ultimate result is to ince economic crisis, although the underlying reason is not credit creation. Therefore, after the world economic crisis in 1930s, an important task of central banks in western countries is to control and regulate the credit creation ability of commercial banks
China's professional banks are not exactly the same as the commercial banks in western countries, but the basic aspects of their business activities are the same as those of commercial banks. Therefore, we also need to use the correct monetary policy to control their credit creation ability and ensure the sustainable, stable and coordinated development of the economy
7. 1、 Money supply, base money and money multiplier (1) money supply
1. The connotation and denotation of money supply
according to the traditional definition, money supply includes cash and current deposits of commercial banks, Money supply is the sum of money held by the central bank and financial institutions and financial assets performing monetary functions at a certain point in a country. From a statistical point of view, the money supply includes the cash issuance of the central bank and the liabilities of financial institutions. Cash has absolute liquidity, and the liquidity of financial institutions' liability items is low
division of monetary levels: countries in the world have narrow and broad statistical caliber of money supply, so that the central bank can focus on control, Specifically:
M0 = cash (currency)
M1 = M0 + demand deposits of commercial banks
M2 = M1 + time deposits of commercial banks (including time savings deposits)
m3 = M2 + deposits of other financial institutions
M4 = M3 + large amount transferable certificates of deposit (CDS)
M5 = M4 + government short-term bonds and savings certificates
M6 = M5 + short-term commercial bills
among them, The monitoring and regulation of M1 to m3 are adopted by the central banks of most countries. For example, the Federal Reserve System of the United States values M2 most, the Bank of England pays attention to m3, and the Bank of Japan emphasizes M2 + CDs
2. The main factors determining money supply
the central bank and commercial banks are the main body determining money supply: some traditional and modern monetary theories think that money supply is exogenous variable, others think that it is endogenous variable. But most economists admit that money supply is not only determined by the will and decision of the central bank, but also by the behavior and decision of a large number of financial institutions and the public as money demanders. Money supply is mainly created by the central bank and commercial banks. Because, first, modern cash is issued by the central bank (indivial countries are issued by the Ministry of Finance). Second, commercial banks have the ability to create deposit money; Third, the money creation ability of commercial banks is limited by the Legal Deposit Reserve decided by the central bank; Fourth, the central bank directly determines the base currency of commercial banks< The definition of base currency refers to the sum of cash in circulation and the deposit reserve of commercial banks. On the balance sheet of the central bank is the total amount of monetary liabilities. According to the principle of double entry bookkeeping, the balance sheet of the central bank corresponds to the following: base currency = cash in circulation + legal deposit reserve of commercial banks + excess deposit reserve = net external assets of the central bank + net debt assets of the government + debt assets of commercial banks + net other financial assets
the increase or decrease of the central bank's total assets drives the increase or decrease of the amount of the base currency: in the assets of the central bank, the increase or decrease of each item depends on the net value after the increase or decrease of each asset offsets each other. Base money is the basis for financial institutions to create credit, because the change of the central bank's base money restricts the increase and decrease of bank credit scale and money supply; How much money can the central bank create to achieve the goal of monetary policy
2. The main factors that affect the change of base money
base money is the monetary liabilities in the balance sheet of the central bank, and corresponds to the monetary assets of the central bank. The external assets and liabilities of the central bank. The assets and liabilities of the central bank to the government. Assets and liabilities of the central bank to commercial banks and other financial institutions. Other factors. Other assets and the amount of base money change in the opposite direction< The ability of central bank to control these factors: external assets and liabilities depend on the external economic activities of various sectors in the economy, such as the import and export of commodities, direct investment and indirect investment. Fiscal revenue and expenditure activities are closely related to the implementation of national budget and fiscal policy. For these two factors, the central bank can only control them indirectly by other policy measures. The central bank can directly determine the deposit reserve ratio and increase or decrease the assets of commercial banks and other financial institutions< (3) money multiplier
1. The definition of money multiplier
refers to the multiple of money supply increasing or decreasing through the deposit creation mechanism of commercial banks when the central bank releases or withdraws a unit of base money, i.e. M= Δ Ms/ Δ Where m is the money multiplier, Δ MS is the change in money supply, Δ B is the change in the base currency
money multiplier is influenced by various factors, and it often changes even in the short term. The central bank can adjust and control these observed and predicted factors
2. The determinants of money multiplier include currency ratio or cash ratio C, time deposit ratio T, legal deposit reserve ratio RT and excess reserve ratio re, in which the change of cash ratio C has two effects on money multiplier. The increase of time deposit ratio T, legal deposit reserve ratio RT and excess reserve ratio re will lead to the decrease of money multiplier, and vice versa
the factors that influence the change of money multiplier are as follows: the level of income, the amount of goods and services purchased in cash or by check, the public's expectation of inflation, the scale of underground economy, social payment habits, the development of banking instry, namely credit instruments, social and political stability, interest rate level, etc. The ratio of time deposit to current deposit is affected by the public's asset preference, the bank's deposit interest rate and the public's inflation expectation. Excess reserves are subject to the opportunity cost of holding excess reserves, that is, the rate of return on interest bearing assets, the cost of borrowing reserves, mainly the rediscount rate of the central bank and the liquidity of commercial banks; The statutory reserve ratio is determined by the central bank. Therefore, the monetary multiplier is the result of the joint action of the central bank, commercial banks and other financial institutions, finance, enterprises and indivials. The relationship between money multiplier and money supply: money supply is the proct of base money and money multiplier, and the change relationship between money multiplier and money supply is positive proportional in the same direction. Only when the economic behavior of the central bank, commercial banks and other financial institutions, finance, enterprises and indivials is relatively stable, can the change range and trend of monetary multiplier remain relatively stable
1. The connotation and denotation of money supply
according to the traditional definition, money supply includes cash and current deposits of commercial banks, Money supply is the sum of money held by the central bank and financial institutions and financial assets performing monetary functions at a certain point in a country. From a statistical point of view, the money supply includes the cash issuance of the central bank and the liabilities of financial institutions. Cash has absolute liquidity, and the liquidity of financial institutions' liability items is low
division of monetary levels: countries in the world have narrow and broad statistical caliber of money supply, so that the central bank can focus on control, Specifically:
M0 = cash (currency)
M1 = M0 + demand deposits of commercial banks
M2 = M1 + time deposits of commercial banks (including time savings deposits)
m3 = M2 + deposits of other financial institutions
M4 = M3 + large amount transferable certificates of deposit (CDS)
M5 = M4 + government short-term bonds and savings certificates
M6 = M5 + short-term commercial bills
among them, The monitoring and regulation of M1 to m3 are adopted by the central banks of most countries. For example, the Federal Reserve System of the United States values M2 most, the Bank of England pays attention to m3, and the Bank of Japan emphasizes M2 + CDs
2. The main factors determining money supply
the central bank and commercial banks are the main body determining money supply: some traditional and modern monetary theories think that money supply is exogenous variable, others think that it is endogenous variable. But most economists admit that money supply is not only determined by the will and decision of the central bank, but also by the behavior and decision of a large number of financial institutions and the public as money demanders. Money supply is mainly created by the central bank and commercial banks. Because, first, modern cash is issued by the central bank (indivial countries are issued by the Ministry of Finance). Second, commercial banks have the ability to create deposit money; Third, the money creation ability of commercial banks is limited by the Legal Deposit Reserve decided by the central bank; Fourth, the central bank directly determines the base currency of commercial banks< The definition of base currency refers to the sum of cash in circulation and the deposit reserve of commercial banks. On the balance sheet of the central bank is the total amount of monetary liabilities. According to the principle of double entry bookkeeping, the balance sheet of the central bank corresponds to the following: base currency = cash in circulation + legal deposit reserve of commercial banks + excess deposit reserve = net external assets of the central bank + net debt assets of the government + debt assets of commercial banks + net other financial assets
the increase or decrease of the central bank's total assets drives the increase or decrease of the amount of the base currency: in the assets of the central bank, the increase or decrease of each item depends on the net value after the increase or decrease of each asset offsets each other. Base money is the basis for financial institutions to create credit, because the change of the central bank's base money restricts the increase and decrease of bank credit scale and money supply; How much money can the central bank create to achieve the goal of monetary policy
2. The main factors that affect the change of base money
base money is the monetary liabilities in the balance sheet of the central bank, and corresponds to the monetary assets of the central bank. The external assets and liabilities of the central bank. The assets and liabilities of the central bank to the government. Assets and liabilities of the central bank to commercial banks and other financial institutions. Other factors. Other assets and the amount of base money change in the opposite direction< The ability of central bank to control these factors: external assets and liabilities depend on the external economic activities of various sectors in the economy, such as the import and export of commodities, direct investment and indirect investment. Fiscal revenue and expenditure activities are closely related to the implementation of national budget and fiscal policy. For these two factors, the central bank can only control them indirectly by other policy measures. The central bank can directly determine the deposit reserve ratio and increase or decrease the assets of commercial banks and other financial institutions< (3) money multiplier
1. The definition of money multiplier
refers to the multiple of money supply increasing or decreasing through the deposit creation mechanism of commercial banks when the central bank releases or withdraws a unit of base money, i.e. M= Δ Ms/ Δ Where m is the money multiplier, Δ MS is the change in money supply, Δ B is the change in the base currency
money multiplier is influenced by various factors, and it often changes even in the short term. The central bank can adjust and control these observed and predicted factors
2. The determinants of money multiplier include currency ratio or cash ratio C, time deposit ratio T, legal deposit reserve ratio RT and excess reserve ratio re, in which the change of cash ratio C has two effects on money multiplier. The increase of time deposit ratio T, legal deposit reserve ratio RT and excess reserve ratio re will lead to the decrease of money multiplier, and vice versa
the factors that influence the change of money multiplier are as follows: the level of income, the amount of goods and services purchased in cash or by check, the public's expectation of inflation, the scale of underground economy, social payment habits, the development of banking instry, namely credit instruments, social and political stability, interest rate level, etc. The ratio of time deposit to current deposit is affected by the public's asset preference, the bank's deposit interest rate and the public's inflation expectation. Excess reserves are subject to the opportunity cost of holding excess reserves, that is, the rate of return on interest bearing assets, the cost of borrowing reserves, mainly the rediscount rate of the central bank and the liquidity of commercial banks; The statutory reserve ratio is determined by the central bank. Therefore, the monetary multiplier is the result of the joint action of the central bank, commercial banks and other financial institutions, finance, enterprises and indivials. The relationship between money multiplier and money supply: money supply is the proct of base money and money multiplier, and the change relationship between money multiplier and money supply is positive proportional in the same direction. Only when the economic behavior of the central bank, commercial banks and other financial institutions, finance, enterprises and indivials is relatively stable, can the change range and trend of monetary multiplier remain relatively stable
8. How do commercial banks create credit money
as the most important part of financial institutions, commercial banks not only provide financial services, but also participate in the process of money creation through their own business activities. Because of many institutions, large scale and wide business, commercial banks are the main carrier of the whole currency operation, and it has the important function of creating credit currency, which is closely related to its check current deposit business. How do banks create credit currency?
e to the developed non cash settlement and the wide use of bills, there is no need to withdraw cash for the issuance of loans and payment, only bills are used as transfer tools, and debts are offset each other. After the bank gets the deposit, it doesn't have to keep it completely. After retaining a certain proportion of the reserve, it can lend out the rest of the deposit<
money creation process (assuming the legal reserve rate of 20%)
deposit amount
reserve amount
loan amount
total money supply
the first bank
100.00
(original deposit)
20.00
80.00
100.00
the second bank
80.00
16.00
64.00
1 80.00
the third bank
64.00
12.80
51.20
244.00
...
the tenth bank
10.74
2.15
8.59
457.07
the last bank
00.00
00
00
500.00
total
500.00
100.00
400.00
500.00
through the credit money creation process of commercial banks, we can see that the original deposits have expanded many times and obtained many times of money supply< What are the main factors that restrict the process of commercial banks to create credit currency< Through the above deposit creation process, we can see that the bank's ability to create deposits basically depends on the level of the legal reserve ratio when the original deposits are fixed. The higher the legal reserve ratio is, the smaller the bank's ability to expand deposits, and vice versa. The central bank controls the money supply by regulating the legal reserve rate and the derivative deposit ability of commercial banks
2. Withdrawal rate (cash leakage rate)
in real life, deposit customers always withdraw some cash, and then part of the cash flows out of the banking system, which is called cash leakage. The ratio of cash leakage to total deposits is called cash leakage rate, also called withdrawal rate. High withdrawal rate will weaken the ability of deposit derivation< The higher the ratio of excess reserves to total deposits, that is, the higher the ratio of excess reserves to total deposits, will rece the bank's ability to derive deposits
4.
as the most important part of financial institutions, commercial banks not only provide financial services, but also participate in the process of money creation through their own business activities. Because of many institutions, large scale and wide business, commercial banks are the main carrier of the whole currency operation, and it has the important function of creating credit currency, which is closely related to its check current deposit business. How do banks create credit currency?
e to the developed non cash settlement and the wide use of bills, there is no need to withdraw cash for the issuance of loans and payment, only bills are used as transfer tools, and debts are offset each other. After the bank gets the deposit, it doesn't have to keep it completely. After retaining a certain proportion of the reserve, it can lend out the rest of the deposit<
money creation process (assuming the legal reserve rate of 20%)
deposit amount
reserve amount
loan amount
total money supply
the first bank
100.00
(original deposit)
20.00
80.00
100.00
the second bank
80.00
16.00
64.00
1 80.00
the third bank
64.00
12.80
51.20
244.00
...
the tenth bank
10.74
2.15
8.59
457.07
the last bank
00.00
00
00
500.00
total
500.00
100.00
400.00
500.00
through the credit money creation process of commercial banks, we can see that the original deposits have expanded many times and obtained many times of money supply< What are the main factors that restrict the process of commercial banks to create credit currency< Through the above deposit creation process, we can see that the bank's ability to create deposits basically depends on the level of the legal reserve ratio when the original deposits are fixed. The higher the legal reserve ratio is, the smaller the bank's ability to expand deposits, and vice versa. The central bank controls the money supply by regulating the legal reserve rate and the derivative deposit ability of commercial banks
2. Withdrawal rate (cash leakage rate)
in real life, deposit customers always withdraw some cash, and then part of the cash flows out of the banking system, which is called cash leakage. The ratio of cash leakage to total deposits is called cash leakage rate, also called withdrawal rate. High withdrawal rate will weaken the ability of deposit derivation< The higher the ratio of excess reserves to total deposits, that is, the higher the ratio of excess reserves to total deposits, will rece the bank's ability to derive deposits
4.
9. Your main ambiguity here should be that liabilities circulate as currency. In fact, such liabilities should refer to deposits absorbed, including derivative deposits. For example, I am a commercial bank, and I lent you 10 million yuan, but you may spend only 2 million yuan in the first three months. If you have 8 million yuan left in your account, we can lend it out again. It may generate another deposit of 6 million or 4 million. At the end of the day, 10 million loans are likely to create 28 million deposits and nearly 30 million loans. The deposit interest rate is 2.25%, and the loan interest rate is 5.5%. How much money can you make from this kind of debt? Maybe my explanation is not very professional, you can also consult other experts.
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