Is this the right bus to downtown
Internet Data Center (IDC) for short. It means that the telecommunication department uses the existing Internet communication lines and bandwidth resources to establish a standardized professional computer room environment, and provide a full range of services such as server hosting, leasing and related value-added services for enterprises and governments. That is to say, the company that owns the server puts the server in the data center, which is what we usually call server leasing and hosting and other related businesses
IDC computer room is the Internet Data Center (IDC) for short, which means that the telecommunications department uses the existing Internet communication lines and bandwidth resources to establish a standardized telecommunications professional computer room environment, providing a full range of services such as server hosting, leasing and related value-added services for enterprises and governments
by using the IDC server hosting service of Telecom, enterprises or government units can solve many professional needs of using the Internet without establishing their own special computer rooms, laying expensive communication lines, and employing high paid network engineers
the main applications of IDC hosting are website publishing, virtual hosting and e-commerce. For example, when a company publishes a website, it can publish its own WWW site and publicize its procts or services through the Internet after assigning the static IP address from the telecommunications department through the hosting host; The virtual host is that the unit rents the massive hard disk space of its own host through hosting host to provide virtual host services for other customers, so as to become an ICP service provider; E-commerce refers to the establishment of its own e-commerce system through the hosting host, which provides perfect services for suppliers, wholesalers, distributors and end users
IDC is the Internet data center. It has developed rapidly with the continuous development of the Internet, and has become an indispensable part of China's Internet instry in the new century. It provides large-scale, high-quality, safe and reliable professional server hosting, space rental, network wholesale bandwidth, ASP, EC and other services for Internet content providers (ICP), enterprises, media and various websites< At present, there is no authoritative definition of IDC (Internet Data Center), but it has a deeper connotation than the traditional data center. It is developed with the continuous development of the Internet. It provides a large-scale, high-quality, safe and reliable professional server hosting, space rental, service platform for ICP, enterprises, media and all kinds of websites Network wholesale bandwidth and ASP, EC and other services. Data center has appeared in the era of mainframe. At that time, it is to provide management and maintenance of mainframe to enterprises through hosting, outsourcing or centralization, so as to achieve the purpose of professional management and rece operating costs
IDC is the place where hosting enterprises, merchants or website server groups are hosted; It is not only the infrastructure for the safe operation of various modes of e-commerce, but also the platform to support enterprises and their business alliances, distributors, suppliers and customers to implement value chain management
IDC has two very important characteristics: its position in the network and the total network bandwidth capacity. It constitutes a part of the basic network resources. Just like backbone network and access network, it provides a high-end data delivery service and high-speed access service<
IDC's common access mode
1. Dual IP and al line implementation mode
al IP and al line implementation mode means that two network cards are installed on one server to access telecom network cable and Netcom network cable respectively, and one Netcom IP and one Telecom IP are set, so that one server has two IP addresses, It is necessary to add the routing table of Netcom or Telecom to the server to enable Netcom users and telecom users to access from different lines. There are two common ways to use al IP and al line:
1. ICP users set two links with different IP addresses on the website, Netcom users click Netcom IP to access the server, and telecom users click Telecom IP to access
2. Using BIND9 (DNS server software) to return different server IP for different IP address requests, Netcom users can return Netcom's IP when they request domain name, and telecom users can return Telecom's IP when they request domain name. This is the solution of Intelligent DNS proposed by some IDC
al IP and al line improve the speed of Netcom and telecom users to visit the website to a certain extent, but the disadvantage is that the server is connected to the al network card, and the routing table must be set on the server, which increases the maintenance difficulty for ordinary users, and all packets need to be judged on the server and then sent to different network cards, When the amount of access is large, the server resources are occupied. This solution is the simplest two-line solution and is generally limited to smaller IDC providers
2. Single IP al line
ordinary single IP al line refers to setting an IP on the server, which is Netcom IP or Telecom IP. Setting data packets through routing equipment is a two-line technology realized through telecom network or Netcom network. This solution can also improve the access speed of Netcom users and telecom users, and solve the problem of double IP and double line need to set routing on the server. However, because the IP address is Netcom or Telecom IP, the access users will not automatically determine the best route when sending request packets. So this kind of solution can only be said to be a half double line technical solution and a transitional solution. This scheme is generally a temporary scheme adopted by single line IDC service providers in the transition period to double line IDC service providers< BGP (border gateway protocol) is mainly used for the interconnection between Internet as (autonomous system). The main function of BGP is to control the propagation of routing and select the best routing. China Netcom and China Telecom both have as number (autonomous system number). Most of the major network operators in China are interconnected with their as number through BGP protocol. To use this scheme to realize al line, we need to apply for IDC's own IP address segment and as number in CNNIC (China Internet Information Center), and then broadcast this segment of IP address to Netcom, telecom and other network operators through BGP protocol. After interconnection with BGP protocol, all backbone routing devices of Netcom and Telecom will determine the best routing of IDC room IP segment, so as to ensure Netcom High speed access of telecom users< The specific advantages of this scheme are as follows:
1. The server only needs to set one IP address, and the best access route is determined by the backbone router on the network according to the number of routing hops and other technical indicators, which will not occupy any system resources of the server. The server's uplink and downlink routes can choose the optimal path, so it can truly achieve high-speed single IP two-line access
2. Because BGP protocol itself has the characteristics of rendant backup and loop elimination, when IDC service provider has multiple BGP interconnection lines, it can realize mutual backup of routes. When one line fails, the route will automatically switch to other lines
3. Using BGP protocol can also make the network have strong expansibility. It can connect IDC Network with other operators, easily realize single IP multi line, and make users of all interconnected operators access quickly. This is unmatched by al IP and al line
although BGP is the best solution, e to the large equipment investment and bandwidth investment of IDC providers, and the technical complexity, the current domestic application of BGP is limited to the strong professional IDC service providers
to sum up, each of the above two-line implementation methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The cost of al IP two-line is low, but the network is not stable enough and takes up a lot of server resources. Ordinary single IP al line only achieves the effect of partial al line, so the access speed is poor. CDN mode has good effect on static web pages, but not ideal effect on interactive web pages, BGP single IP al line is the best way to solve all the above problems. However, there are few IDC service providers using this solution in China. If we can combine BGP single IP al line with CDN acceleration, it will be the best solution.
1、 One star, two-star (the score rate must be more than 90%)
the evaluation criteria mainly include: computer room layout, public information symbols and graphics, power supply equipment, refrigeration equipment, facilities and equipment maintenance, service language, IDC computer room hardware facilities, optical fiber, commitment to provide 24 hours × 7 (24 hours a week x 7 days) network connection status monitoring, 24 × 7, 24 × 7 system management and technical support services, 24 × 7 customer service hotline,
24 × It needs a backup diesel generator, an independent UPS uninterruptible power supply, the first time response and support in emergency, a highly sensitive smoke detection system and a fire protection system composed of FM200
In addition to the above-mentioned 10 aspects, the three-star evaluation standard also increases the requirements of computer management system, the soundness of management system, computer room equipment, IDC facilities and other contents, and sets 73 items of selection (21 items of comprehensive category, 20 items of characteristic category 1, 16 items of characteristic category 2, 16 items of characteristic Category 3), It is required that the three-star IDC instry room should have at least 10 of themthe three-star and four-star (the score rate reaches 95%)
the four-star evaluation standard adds two necessary assessment contents, i.e. IDC machine room interior and exterior decoration and high-quality monitoring system, on the basis of three-star level, and puts forward higher requirements in other aspects, such as at least 26 items in 73 selected items
four or five-star (the score rate reaches 95%)
the main standards of the star are basically the same as the four-star content, but the contents are richer, the requirements of scale are higher, the service items are more set, and the specifications are more detailed. For example, among the 73 selected items, there must be at least 33 items
extended data
classification basis:
IDC room star (grade) classification is based on the domestic standard "code for design of data center" (GB 50174-2017), mainly from the room location, building structure, room environment, safety management and quality requirements of power supply, etc., which can be divided into a (fault-tolerant), B (rendant),
IDC room star (grade) C (basic type) three levels
in the American Standard TIA-942 Communication Infrastructure Standard for data center, it is mainly divided into four levels according to the "availability", "stability" and "security" of data center infrastructure: tieri, tierii, tieriii and tieriiv
the division of the four levels of usability is derived from the instrial standard for defining the performance of site infrastructure by means of classification level of the Uptime Institute, Inc. in this standard, the Uptime Institute of the United States puts forward the system framework of classification level of site infrastructure according to the engineering requirements and Practice,
aiming at the requirement that the key equipment of the data center is expected to achieve the "five nines", that is, 99.999% of the system application availability, this paper puts forward the availability level index of the machine room site infrastructure (power distribution, HVAC, and other related systems) to match it
Telecom:
according to 451 research's latest ranking of top ten global data center companies published in July 2017, the number of China Telecom's data centers is more than 400<
China Unicom:
at the 9th China Cloud Computing Conference in June 2017, Jiao Gang, general manager of China Unicom cloud data, said: China Unicom has planned 12 super large cloud data centers, covering 196 cities and 335 city data centers, with a total area of more than 200 square meters, a total rack of more than 320000, an export bandwidth of 60t and a pue of less than 1.5< However, there are some data (Internet development report of CNNIC) you can refer to:
1. International export bandwidth: China Mobile is 1 / 3 of China Telecom and 1 / 2 of China Unicom
2. Number of IPv4 addresses: China Mobile is 1 / 3 of China Telecom, Is 1 / 2 of China Unicom's
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in addition to the above ISP IDC, there are ecation network, scientific research network and other ISP access providers, they will also build their own IDC room in the proprietary field
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with the development of cloud computing, Some cloud computing companies will also build their own computer rooms.. Build computer room with operators
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of course, not all data centers will be open to the public.
The
data center can be summarized into five systems:
decoration system, electrical system, ventilation and air conditioning system, weak current system and fire protection system
the hardware facilities of electrical system include: high and low power distribution cabinet, transformer, diesel generator, ups and battery, train head power distribution cabinet, etc
the hardware facilities of ventilation and air conditioning system include: air conditioner, fresh air fan, refrigeration unit, etc.
and various auxiliary software control, etc