How to get to Shuanglang in Dali City Center
Publish: 2021-05-03 09:38:48
1. Isn't ACDE, B a token
2. You should look at the selling price, which means people sell Hong Kong dollars and buy your RMB. 86 refers to the exchange of 100 Hong Kong dollars for 86 RMB and 100 RMB for 116 Hong Kong dollars.
3. First of all, what is monetary aggregates: it is an indicator to calculate the amount of money with different liquidity and to show the overall structure of money<
the composition of money supply is as follows:
M0 --- cash
M1 --- M0 + current deposit
M2 --- M1 + fixed deposit, non checking savings deposit
m3 --- M2 + large fixed deposit of private institutions and companies
L --- m3 + various securities
in these three levels< br />
M It is closely related to consumption change and is the most active currency
M1 is the leading indicator of business cycle fluctuation, and liquidity is second only to M
M2 liquidity is weak, but it reflects the change of social aggregate demand and the pressure of inflation in the future
m3 money supply index is a main index to measure money supply, which includes banknotes, coins, demand deposits and 4-year fixed deposits, namely m3 = M2 + fixed deposits and savings deposits of other financial institutions. The European Central Bank measures the pressure of inflation by the growth of money supply. By examining the impact of different levels of money on the economy, we can select the most closely related monetary assets as the focus of the central bank's control, which is concive to the central bank's regulation of money supply and timely observation of the implementation effect of monetary policy. The central bank sets a growth target range for M3 every year, and M3 growth above the range causes inflation concerns<
the government does not issue currency
the government provides credit guarantee for the currency issued by the central bank
correspondingly, it obtains seigniorage income, but the seigniorage income is invisible, which is written off by the government instructing the central bank to repay the national debt for it<
the central bank issues money to the society generally as follows: the issuance of bills and bank notes under the capital account of cash notes issued by banknote printing factories
M0 = cash in circulation
M1 = cash in circulation + tradable deposits (check deposits transfer credit card deposits)
M2 = M1 + non tradable deposits (savings deposits time deposits)
m3 = M2 + other monetary short-term liquidity Property (Treasury bonds, financial bonds, commercial bills, large transferable certificates of deposit, etc.)
M0 is the currency in the narrowest sense.
M1 reflects the direct purchasing power of the society, and the supply of goods should keep a proper proportion with M1, otherwise the economy will be overheated or depressed.
M2 reflects the real purchasing power and the potential purchasing power, The study of M2, especially the change of its composition, is of great significance to the analysis and prediction of the whole national economy; The difference between M1 and M2 is quasi currency
the difference between China and the United States:
in Samuelson's macroeconomics, M1 = Cash + check; M2 = M1 + savings deposit. In the UK banking system, there are M0, m3 and other projects. According to the public information of our National Bureau of statistics, our country takes M0, M1 and M2 as the framework system. The total amount of money: M0, M1, M2
M0 = cash in circulation
M1 = M0 + current deposit of non-financial company
M2 = M1 + fixed deposit + savings deposit + other deposit of non-financial company
there is no doubt that we are imitating the foreign so-called modern banking management and statistics system. But the M system that we have been working on for many years is only imitation, and has no practical economic significance
for example, in the M system of China and the United States, if the value of M1 is the same, then the cash with real economic significance in the United States is M1, while the cash with real economic significance in China is far less than M1. This difference makes China's economic unit not have enough currency in circulation, while the United States has plenty of money relative to China
the reason for this difference is that Chinese cheques cannot be directly converted into cash, even though they are currency
for another example, under the M2 project, if M2 is the same, China has a large amount of savings, but there is very little currency with real economic significance in circulation, because China's M2 is accounted for by high savings, while the United States has almost all M1 (the U.S. savings rate is very low), which is actually all M0, that is, most of it is cash, and the market has enough money with economic significance. However, in China, there is a serious lack of money with practical economic significance
this is why the United States has always tended to use m2 to regulate its currency
there has always been a very stubborn and stupid view in China's financial circles, both theorists and executives, that Americans do not save. In fact, this is a wrong view. Americans are human beings, and they also need to pay for clothing, food and pension. These payments also need to hold money stock. So why is the saving rate of the United States very low? In fact, it is neither that Americans do not save nor that they have no money, but that the money stock is not under the savings item, but under the check item, that is, under the M1 item
therefore, at the same level of M2, M1 and M0, the M system of the United States has a large number of currencies with practical economic significance, while China has a serious currency shortage
if China's financial reform only changes the M system, China's actual money of economic significance will increase by more than 100 billion yuan (savings will be converted into cheques, which can be freely converted into cash), but the total amount of money does not need any change< br />
the composition of money supply is as follows:
M0 --- cash
M1 --- M0 + current deposit
M2 --- M1 + fixed deposit, non checking savings deposit
m3 --- M2 + large fixed deposit of private institutions and companies
L --- m3 + various securities
in these three levels< br />
M It is closely related to consumption change and is the most active currency
M1 is the leading indicator of business cycle fluctuation, and liquidity is second only to M
M2 liquidity is weak, but it reflects the change of social aggregate demand and the pressure of inflation in the future
m3 money supply index is a main index to measure money supply, which includes banknotes, coins, demand deposits and 4-year fixed deposits, namely m3 = M2 + fixed deposits and savings deposits of other financial institutions. The European Central Bank measures the pressure of inflation by the growth of money supply. By examining the impact of different levels of money on the economy, we can select the most closely related monetary assets as the focus of the central bank's control, which is concive to the central bank's regulation of money supply and timely observation of the implementation effect of monetary policy. The central bank sets a growth target range for M3 every year, and M3 growth above the range causes inflation concerns<
the government does not issue currency
the government provides credit guarantee for the currency issued by the central bank
correspondingly, it obtains seigniorage income, but the seigniorage income is invisible, which is written off by the government instructing the central bank to repay the national debt for it<
the central bank issues money to the society generally as follows: the issuance of bills and bank notes under the capital account of cash notes issued by banknote printing factories
M0 = cash in circulation
M1 = cash in circulation + tradable deposits (check deposits transfer credit card deposits)
M2 = M1 + non tradable deposits (savings deposits time deposits)
m3 = M2 + other monetary short-term liquidity Property (Treasury bonds, financial bonds, commercial bills, large transferable certificates of deposit, etc.)
M0 is the currency in the narrowest sense.
M1 reflects the direct purchasing power of the society, and the supply of goods should keep a proper proportion with M1, otherwise the economy will be overheated or depressed.
M2 reflects the real purchasing power and the potential purchasing power, The study of M2, especially the change of its composition, is of great significance to the analysis and prediction of the whole national economy; The difference between M1 and M2 is quasi currency
the difference between China and the United States:
in Samuelson's macroeconomics, M1 = Cash + check; M2 = M1 + savings deposit. In the UK banking system, there are M0, m3 and other projects. According to the public information of our National Bureau of statistics, our country takes M0, M1 and M2 as the framework system. The total amount of money: M0, M1, M2
M0 = cash in circulation
M1 = M0 + current deposit of non-financial company
M2 = M1 + fixed deposit + savings deposit + other deposit of non-financial company
there is no doubt that we are imitating the foreign so-called modern banking management and statistics system. But the M system that we have been working on for many years is only imitation, and has no practical economic significance
for example, in the M system of China and the United States, if the value of M1 is the same, then the cash with real economic significance in the United States is M1, while the cash with real economic significance in China is far less than M1. This difference makes China's economic unit not have enough currency in circulation, while the United States has plenty of money relative to China
the reason for this difference is that Chinese cheques cannot be directly converted into cash, even though they are currency
for another example, under the M2 project, if M2 is the same, China has a large amount of savings, but there is very little currency with real economic significance in circulation, because China's M2 is accounted for by high savings, while the United States has almost all M1 (the U.S. savings rate is very low), which is actually all M0, that is, most of it is cash, and the market has enough money with economic significance. However, in China, there is a serious lack of money with practical economic significance
this is why the United States has always tended to use m2 to regulate its currency
there has always been a very stubborn and stupid view in China's financial circles, both theorists and executives, that Americans do not save. In fact, this is a wrong view. Americans are human beings, and they also need to pay for clothing, food and pension. These payments also need to hold money stock. So why is the saving rate of the United States very low? In fact, it is neither that Americans do not save nor that they have no money, but that the money stock is not under the savings item, but under the check item, that is, under the M1 item
therefore, at the same level of M2, M1 and M0, the M system of the United States has a large number of currencies with practical economic significance, while China has a serious currency shortage
if China's financial reform only changes the M system, China's actual money of economic significance will increase by more than 100 billion yuan (savings will be converted into cheques, which can be freely converted into cash), but the total amount of money does not need any change< br />
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5. China's interest rate is a al track system. The Treasury bond market is basically market-oriented, but the bank deposit and loan interest rate is still under the administrative control of the central bank, and the central bank generally regulates the interest rate according to the economic situation. Therefore, the main factor affecting the change of China's interest rate is whether the economic operation is overheated. The indicators considered include GDP growth rate, CPI, The supply and demand of funds only affects the interest rate of the national debt market, and is a fine-tuning tool of the central bank.
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