Intelamd computing power

1. No mistake
AMD's AM2 processor only improves the memory support, not the structure fundamentally
however, the advantage of core is that it adopts a new processor architecture, which is a fundamental difference
for example: the same top-end processor: it only takes 17 seconds to perform super PI operation (1.04 million bits) with Intel e6800 and 32 seconds to use AMD fx-62. That's the gap!!

2. Inter used to use CPU frequency to identify CPU speed and performance. Now

the PR value of AMD is marked according to the actual frequency of inter CPU with similar actual performance. For example, the meaning of flashdragon 2200 + is that its performance is roughly the same as that of celeron d with main frequency of 2200MHz

compared with AMD's "PR" nominal method, Intel CPU's current number is even more maddening! Not to mention ordinary consumers, even professionals must keep an eye on Intel's latest procts every day, otherwise they will be confused by all kinds of novel numbers in less than a month

let me summarize the number of Intel Desktop single core CPU, as well as the support for some of Intel's latest processor technologies. If you are confused about the number of Intel CPU, please make up for it

Intel's CPUs are now named by "processor name + three digit number", such as Pentium 4560, celeron-d 320, pentium-m 735, Pentium Xe 840 and so on

in order not to confuse our heads, we will not introce the numbers of celeron d, Pentium M, al core Pentium Xe and Pentium D. here we only introce the most complex and troublesome desktop Pentium 4 numbers

in the three digit number, the first digit represents the family, the middle digit represents the frequency, and the last digit represents the different sub versions according to the new technologies supported. How about, complicated enough

5xx represents the presccot core P4 of 1MB L2. Retail version from p4520 (2.8GhZ) - p4571 (3.8ghz), both 800MHz FSB, 1MB L2 cache, support HT hyper threading technology. The middle digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the frequencies of 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6 and 3.8 GHz respectively. The number at the end of 0 is the original version (after 0, if there are j representatives who support XD anti-virus technology), and the number at the end of 1 supports EM64T and XD. In addition to the retail version, the OEM version also has 2.66GHz p4505 and 506, both 533MHz FSB, and does not support HT hyper threading, but the 506 supports EM64T and XD

6xx represents the new core P4 of 2Mb L2 (including the Prescott 2m core and the yet to be launched 65nm cedar mill core). From p4630 (3.0GHz) to p4672 (3.8ghz), the 6 series all support EM64T, XD anti-virus, eist energy saving and other new technologies. The original version with the end number of 0 does not support VT virtualization technology, and the end number of 1, 2, 2, 2, 3.8ghz 3 is the version that supports VT or adopts cedar mill core. The frequency represented by the middle number of 6xx series is the same as that of 5xx series, so it will not be repeated

7xx represents the p4ee of 2Mb L2 and 1066MHz FSB. At present, there is only one p4ee 720 (3.73ghz), which uses the presccot 2m core to replace the Galatin core evolved from Xeon, cancels the 2MB L3 cache, and increases the L1 data cache from 8KB to 16kb and L2 from 512KB to 2MB. Note that like the p46xx series, p4ee also supports EM64T, XD and eist technologies (it is not ruled out that some early engineering versions will not support them)

the higher code name, 8xx series, is called Pentium Xe or Pentium D by Intel e to its evolution to al core. Note that it is no longer called P4. The difference between Xe and D is that Xe supports HT, and the operating system can be displayed as four logic processors. I'll introce it later

finally, explain the meaning of related new technologies:
* VT: support virtualization technology
* HT: support hyper threading technology
* eist: support enhanced SpeedStep energy saving technology
* EM64T: support Intel 64 bit technology
* XD: support XD bit antivirus function (the suffix of XD technology in 5xx series P4 is J

3. I don't know what you mean by the gap
if it refers to the market value, scale and profitability of the company, AMD and Intel are basically the difference between Buffalo and elephant. If amd didn't acquire ATI's graphics card business in those years, it would be further abandoned by Intel if it only relied on CPU business
if it refers to the performance level of CPU procts, before the Zen architecture came out, it was basically beaten by Intel, and the problem of squeezing toothpaste by Intel came out. With the launch of ryzen, AMD's procts can basically be PK with rivals, and the procts with the same price are second kill rivals. In particular, the APU procts of Zen architecture have shaken the mobile platform market dominated by competitors for many years. The gap between the two is very small.

4. 1 Just talking about physical performance, AMD is now in the world
[2] the cost performance of AMD must be high. Maybe you have a question: why is amd good and cost performance high?, As like as two peas can be used to control the cost of AMD, the same way, the Intel can save
3. 3500X and 9400F are basically the same. The game 9400F is slightly stronger, and the 3500X is slightly stronger. However, the 9400F can only use B300 for the same cost performance, so that the memory can not be high on the high frequency, if you love to play chicken and other games. In fact, memory frequency is very important to the game experience, so it needs to be taken into account
[4] 9600kf needs to be overclocking, otherwise it can't reflect the value. To overclocking, z300 + needs good heat dissipation, so that the basic budget will be higher. However, the improvement of UHF in the game is not obvious, so it is generally not recommended, and the higher budget is used on 9400f or 3500x or even 3600 platforms, The graphics card can be upgraded by one gear, which is the real significant improvement

if you suggest, a + n combination is better, 3600 + b450 + 8GB × 2 + 1660 ~ 2070s
with high cost performance and abundant performance, you don't need to worry about insufficient use in any case

5. Amd game performance is good, overclocking ability is strong ~ ~ ~
inter calorific value is small
amd L2 cache is small, but cost-effective
amd has stronger floating-point computing ability, which is suitable for game and logic processing.
the design of Intel is relatively better
at present, the differences between Intel and AMD CPUs, as well as the performance and efficiency differences caused by the differences, are as follows, for reference only:
1. From the single crystal silicon process: Intel: 0. 09 (rece cost, increase transistor quantity), AMD: 0. 13 (cost ratio 0. As a result, after recing the price of the same proportion, Intel still makes money, while amd at least won't make too much money. Maybe it will make money (loss), although the market share has increased, which has led to the recent amd lawsuit
2. From the pipeline: Intel: 31 level (can be upgraded to a higher main frequency, but bring more heat: for example, p4-670 super to 7. 4G, but it has to be cooled by liquid nitrogen, and it is easy to cause low efficiency of instruction execution, so a hyper thread is created to make up for it; AMD: level 20 (the efficiency of instruction execution is better than level 31, but the frequency improvement is limited, and the calorific value is relatively low. Efficiency and frequency are two different development directions, mainly depending on the user's choice)
3. Cache: Intel: Level 1 16K, level 2 1m-2m (integer operation and game performance are not as fast as AMD's (another main reason will be discussed later), but for network and multimedia (floating point operation) applications, it is better than its rivals
AMD: Level 1 128K, level 2: 512k (integer operation is fast, game performance is good, but for multimedia applications, it is slightly inferior)
4. Memory management rack: Intel's memory management rack is still managed by the traditional north-south bridge mode on the motherboard (resulting in large data transmission delay between CPU and memory, which is not as good as amd for game execution, but for the future upgrade cost is reced). AMD is an integrated memory controller inside CPU (which reces the data transmission delay between CPU and memory, (it plays a significant role in improving the performance of the game, which is also the main reason mentioned above. It also makes up for the deficiency of level 2 only 512k for multimedia applications, but increases the cost of future upgrade: if you want to upgrade, you have to replace the CPU, memory and motherboard)
5. Instruction set Intel: MMX, SSE, SSE2, sse3, EM64T
(most games and software based on Intel instructions are optimized for Intel, but 64 bit instructions have compatibility shortcomings for the new 64 bit system, so recently they have to be compatible with AMD's x86-64 instructions, and the CPU step value also changes from E0 to G1) AMD: 3DNOW +, MMX, SSE, SSE2, sse3, X86-64 (two instructions are missing from sse3, but it's not a big problem, because those two instructions are specifically for Intel hyper threading technology. No matter what, amd doesn't support hyper threading technology either. Because AMD's 64 bit technology is derived from alpha Technology (one of 64 bit technologies) of DEC company, and AMD's own secondary development, 64 bit technology has rapidly appeared in the civil market, Microsoft's 64 bit system also has to be developed based on AMD's x86-64 bit (who told AMD to launch 64 bit for civil use first). In order to eliminate the problem of windows compatibility for 64 bit as soon as possible, Intel is also forced to start compatibility with AMD's 64 bit instructions

6. The same price of CPU is always AMD's strong performance!

7. Unknown_Error

8. 1. In terms of monocrystalline silicon process: Intel: 0.09 (rece cost and increase the number of transistors), AMD: 0.13 (cost is higher than 0.09), so after recing the price of the same proportion, Intel still makes money, and AMD at least won't make too much money, and it may be accompanied by money (loss), although the market share has increased, 2. From the pipeline: Intel: 31 level (can be upgraded to a higher main frequency, but bring greater heat output: for example, p4-670 super to 7.4g, but have to use liquid nitrogen to heat, and it is easy to cause low efficiency of instruction execution, so make up a super thread); AMD: level 20 (the efficiency of instruction execution is better than level 31, but the improvement of frequency is limited, and the calorific value is relatively low. Efficiency and frequency are two different development directions, mainly depending on the user's choice). 3. Cache: Intel: Level 1 16K, level 2 1m-2m (integer operation and game performance are not as fast as amd (another main reason is working, which will be discussed later), But for network and multimedia (floating-point operation) applications, AMD is better than its rivals: 128K at level 1, 512k at level 2 (fast integer operation, good game performance, but slightly inferior for multimedia applications). 4. Enough memory management framework: Intel's memory management framework is still managed by the traditional north-south Bridge mode on the motherboard (causing large data transmission delay between CPU and memory, AMD is an integrated memory controller within the CPU, which reces the delay of data transmission between CPU and memory. It plays a significant role in improving the performance of the game, which is also the main reason mentioned above. At the same time, it makes up for the lack of multimedia application of level 2 which only has 512k, But it increases the cost of future upgrade: if you want to upgrade, you have to replace CPU, memory and motherboard. 5. Instruction set Intel: MMX, SSE, SSE2, sse3, EM64T, AMD: 3DNOW +, MMX, SSE, SSE2, sse3, x86-64 (two instructions are missing in the supported sse3, but the problem is not big, because those two instructions are specifically for Intel hyper threading technology. If not, amd does not support hyper threading technology, As AMD's 64 bit technology comes from alpha Technology (one of 64 bit technologies) of DEC company, and AMD's own secondary development, it leads to the emergence of 64 bit technology in the civil market. Microsoft's 64 bit system has to be developed based on AMD's x86-64 bit (who told AMD to launch 64 bit for civil use first). In order to eliminate the problem of 64 bit windows compatibility as soon as possible, Intel has also been forced to start compatibility with AMD's 64 bit instructions (it's not that Intel has no technology to develop 64 bit, it's because of its market strategy that it is very passive and missed the best opportunity to launch 64 bit, so amd has the upper hand in terms of 64 bit. Who will let these two companies finally have to look at Microsoft's face, They haven't completely reached the monopoly position in the market - hardware manufacturers still have to look at the faces of software giants. How sad!) To sum up, who is more cost-effective now depends on the application scope of the user (which must also be determined by the application scope), rather than simply determined by the price. I don't agree with the so-called saying that AMD is only used by the poor. Because Intel felt the pressure from AMD, the company made a major decision-making change in its development strategy (from blindly pursuing frequency to pursuing performance, it also had to give up the myth of Moore's law created by Intel itself and turn to the improvement of CPU performance in an all-round way. CPU drew a small end on the frequency of 3.8g, Let the goal of 10G become a bubble; Reliable news: Intel's future CPU rack will be based on the current mobile CPU technology, and has proposed the concept of performance consumption ratio (rather than cost performance ratio). Recently, it has successfully developed a sample, which will be 3-5 times of the current P4 in terms of performance, and the power consumption will be from 5W of notebook CPU to 35W of desktop CPU to 65W of server CPU, and the core will be al core or 4-core, Front end bus: 533MHz, 667mhz, 800MHz, 1066MHz; There is no longer hyper threading technology (because it is unnecessary. The emergence of hyper threading technology is mainly to make up for the inefficiency caused by the long pipeline. The new Intel CPU will no longer use the 31 level pipeline, and may only have less than 20 levels or lower), The frequency will not exceed the current frequency (which means that 3.8g will be the highest frequency of Intel now and even in the future). In the upcoming 2007 big contest (Intel and AMD), it will be clear who wins and who loses, who is good and who is bad, and whose cost performance or sex ratio is higher, To tell you the truth, I am a little worried about AMD (AMD recently said that it will not change the existing CPU rack enough). I still believe that the sentence: time will tell everything! Who will be the most expected proct? I believe it will appear in the near future! For AMD, its most popular place is its good overclocking performance and low price, which is the fundamental reason for its processor market share and its advantage. When we choose, if we are DIY masters, it is definitely right to choose AMD. We can get better performance with less money. The price of AMD and Intel with the same main frequency is only about half that of the latter. Moreover, most of the motherboards of AMD's processors now have software for fool overclocking. Although they can't give full play to overclocking, they can also have an addiction to overclocking. And AMD's heating problem has always been the most concerned problem. In fact, it is not. Now AMD's processors have added overheat protection chips, so the heating problem has been basically solved, and there is no need to worry about it. When you buy amd procts, you should pay attention to the fact that e to its good overclocking performance, some manufacturers begin to sell low-frequency procts that are polished after overclocking. The easiest way to identify whether they are polished procts is to see if the L2 and L3 golden bridges of the processor have any traces of artificial cutting or welding. If you are still not at ease, then the three-year warranty of AMD procts packed in boxes is also a good choice. The second is the choice of fans. The heating problem of AMD processor after overclocking (Note: heating after overclocking is different from heating without overclocking) has always been the most concerned of DIY, so it is also very important to choose a good fan. Intel has always been known for its stability. It has good command support for multimedia. It is more suitable for some multimedia enthusiasts, office installers, and some home installers who don't know much about computers. As far as overclocking is concerned, all Intel processors are frequency locked, so they don't show much advantage in overclocking. Although frequency is locked, they can also be overclocking, but the range of overclocking is small. Without changing the voltage, the author makes a p42.4 BG exceed 3.0g, and it can run stably in some 3D games, such as FIFA 2004, So Intel's stability is worthy of our trust. In terms of price, Intel's processors are higher than amd's. although they are sold for every cent in the IT instry, there are some monopoly factors in them. However, e to its excellent and stable performance, many computer enthusiasts still set it as the first choice when installing them. It is precisely because of its stability that many brand computers mostly use Intel processors. It can be seen that Intel's stability is extraordinary. In this way, Intel's processor has an irreplaceable position in a home and commercial installation that does not know much about computers. When it comes to Intel processors, they can be purchased in bulk or in a box, because they are locked. There will be no polished procts like AMD. But we should pay special attention to that when buying boxed procts, some manufacturers often use bulk processors with fake Intel fans to repack them. Later, when boxed procts are sold, it is difficult to identify them only from the appearance. The main thing is to see whether the hard plastic package inside has been disassembled, and whether the instruction manual is printed or copied. Fake ones are generally copies. There is also a small free logo inside the boxed procts (that is, the small patch printed on Intel inside is pasted on the outside of the brand machine). The small logo of the real proct is thick and hard, and there is a layer of hard plastic on the outside. The fake proct is thin, and the pattern on it can be scraped off with fingers. Some fake procts even don't have a small logo. Now the price difference between bulk Intel processors and boxed procts is less than dozens of pieces, and boxed procts also give away an original fan, so you don't have to buy the fan separately, so buying boxed procts is a good choice.

9. E4300
e2200
vs
5000 +
e4500
vs
5400 +
E7200
vs
three core 8450
8750
E8200
e8400
four core 9550
vs
9650
take these popular U's as an example
if you want to use Intel's four core directly for high-end procts
because AMD's procts with more than 1000 yuan are basically uncompetitive < B R / > in the first quarter of 2009,
AMD's pterosaur 2 will be in mass proction,
at that time, it will be able to compete with Intel's core quad core in high-end procts,
however, it is unlikely to defeat Intel's most high-end i7

10.

bus line: suburban line → Metro Line 2 → Metro Line 1, the whole journey is about 37.5km

1. Take suburban line from Enping lake, through 12 stops, to nansihuan station

2. Take Metro Line 2, through 8 stops, to Zijingshan station

3. Walk about 30m, transfer to Metro Line 1

4. Take Metro Line 1, through 1 stop, to Renmin Road Station

5 Walk about 200 meters to Zhengzhou gymnasium