Calculation of GDP purchasing power in the world

1. Hypothesis: in China, buy a dozen (10 per plan) meat buns, the unit price is 5 yuan, equivalent to US $0.64; In Japan, buy a dozen meat buns, the unit price is 1100 yen, equivalent to US $9.17; In the United States to buy a dozen meat mplings, the unit price is $5
in order to easily compare the purchasing power of countries in the world, the US dollar system is generally adopted at present<

If:
the United States sells 4 million dozen meat buns a day, and its GDP of purchasing power meat buns is US $20 million
Japan sells 1 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 9.17 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is only 25% of that of the United States, so it is only 5 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns
China sells 30 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 19.2 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is 7.5 times that of the United States, so it should be 150 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns< According to the IMF's report in September 2006, the world's top four purchasing power GDP in 2005:
1
2. China is 9412.4 billion US dollars, the second largest in the world
3. Japan is the third largest country in the world with 3910.7 billion US dollars
4. India ranks fourth in the world with us $3633.4 billion

from the above data, in terms of total purchasing power GDP, China has left Japan far behind India, which is 2.59 times that of India and 2.41 times that of Japan. Compared with the United States, it is rapidly approaching, which is 76.66% of the United States
although the data for 2006 are not available yet, according to the preliminary statistics of the China Bureau of statistics, the real growth rate is 10.7%, while the nominal growth rate is 15%. Therefore, it can be predicted that China's total purchasing power GDP in 2006 will exceed US $10500 billion, which will reach more than 82% of that of the United States, further widening the gap with Japan and India< It is further predicted that China's purchasing power GDP in 2010 will exceed that of the United States

here, compare the total purchasing power GDP of Japan and India
in 2005, Japan's total purchasing power GDP was only 7.6% higher than India's, while India's real economic growth in 2006 was more than 9%, while Japan's was only 2%. Therefore, India's GDP in 2006 may surpass Japan's and rank third in the world

2. The calculation method is the same as that of GDP calculated by exchange rate, but the currency needs to be revalued, and the currency needs to be re measured by real parity purchasing power. For example, if the exchange rate between us dollar and RMB is 6:1, China's GDP in 2013 is about 9 trillion yuan, but the real purchasing power of RMB is relatively high. If the real purchasing power is 4:1, China's GDP is about 12 trillion yuan.

3. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was proposed by Gustav Kassel, a Swedish economist. Purchasing power parity (PPP) refers to that the exchange rate between two currencies is determined by the proportion of their purchasing power per unit currency
the principle of consistency between price data and GDP expenditure data
as the same measurement factor of international comparison of GDP, the price must be consistent with the valuation of various expenditure components of GDP, especially with the valuation of rent, health care, ecation and other non market service expenditure items. In this way, the purchasing power parity obtained through price comparison can completely eliminate the influence of price factors and truly reflect the actual volume. Otherwise, the quantity comparison of GDP converted by purchasing power parity is still affected by some price factors, which will overestimate or underestimate the scale and level of real GDP< The specific method can be divided into three steps:
the first step is to calculate the price ratio of each commodity and service between the comparison countries
the second step is to calculate the price ratio under each basic expenditure category between the comparison countries, namely basic parity. It is the geometric average of the price ratio of each commodity or service under the basic classification. In multilateral comparison, eks method and CPD method are mainly used
the third step is to calculate the comprehensive purchasing power parity above the basic expenditure classification among the comparison countries. It is based on the proportion of GDP basic expenditure classification as the weight, using the Laplace, parsley and Fisher index formula to achieve the weighted average of the basic parity.

4. Because the per capita GDP of Japan is much lower than that of Japan, but the exchange rate is higher than that of Japan, so we have purchasing power. After the negative inflation in 2009, the inflation will become serious in 2010. However, with a large amount of spare capacity in the world, the pressure of global price rise may be restrained. According to the quarterly report, The economic stimulus plan led by large-scale investment was the key to promote economic development last year. However, in recent years, real estate investment has played an important role in stimulating the economy, while residents' consumption has maintained a good growth. The purpose of international comparison of GDP is to understand the comprehensive strength of a country and the national living standard corresponding to the scale of national economy. When discussing the living standards of people in different countries, GDP per capita is often used. Since 1995, the world bank's annual development report has published two sets of gross domestic proct (GDP) data at the same time, one set is calculated according to the exchange rate and the other set is calculated according to the purchasing power parity (PPP). In 2002, according to the exchange rate method, China ranked sixth in the world; In terms of purchasing power parity, China ranks second. In these two sets of rankings, the United States ranked first, followed by Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy, but China's ranking was very different[ 1] Why does the world bank publish two different sets of data? Which group should we trust? Each country can only use its own currency as the unit of measurement when counting GDP; For international comparison, the GDP data measured by each country's currency must be converted into the same unit. According to international practice, all countries convert their GDP into data calculated in US dollars according to the exchange rate against US dollars, and then compare them. This method is called Atlas method. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and convenient. The United Nations and the world bank have adopted this method for many years. However, the exchange rate conversion method also has fatal shortcomings. Its calculation process includes four factors: exchange rate, summation symbol, price and output. When comparing the GDP of various countries, these four factors all bring difficult contradictions. The first is the deviation caused by the price differences among countries. Because countries use domestic prices when counting GDP, and the price differences among countries are very large, the purchasing power of a dollar in the world is different, so the exchange rate method can not accurately reflect the purchasing power level of countries, which may cause great distortion in estimating the total amount of a country's material wealth. Secondly, the exchange rate method actually implies a hypothesis that all goods or services can be put into international trade. However, this is not the case, especially in developing countries, because these countries often do not have a high degree of dependence on foreign trade, and the degree of monetization and marketization of commodities is not high. Thirdly, the difference of statistical scope between countries may lead to the distortion of international comparison results. No country in the world can include all procts and services in GDP statistics. National statistical offices can only select some of the most representative procts for statistics. Due to the differences of national conditions, the statistical objects selected by each country are not exactly the same. In the United States, lawyers, health care, insurance, ecation and other service departments are highly instrialized, and the corresponding tax system is relatively perfect. The statistics department can calculate the GDP of this instry through the income tax paid by lawyers and doctors. However, in many developing countries (including China), e to the imperfect tax system and people's weak tax awareness, it is quite difficult to count the GDP of some service sectors, and some service sectors are not included in the statistical scope at all. Finally, there are differences in the quality of similar procts or services in different countries. Even if the price is the same, procts or services with the same price do not mean the same quality and utility. However, the exchange rate method can't consider the difference in quality, which is obviously unreasonable and unfair. Of course, it is quite difficult to establish a unified standard on how to evaluate the proct quality and consumer satisfaction of various countries. Because of the above problems, if we want to use the exchange rate method to compare the GDP of various countries, and the error or distortion is relatively small, we need the following preconditions, that is, there must be a fairly developed common market between the countries to be compared, so the price differences among countries are not big, and the statistical range of GDP of each country is basically the same. Obviously, western countries basically meet this condition, so it is feasible to use the exchange rate method to compare their GDP. However, China is a big developing country with great regional differences. Many provinces and cities in the mainland and foreign exchanges are not much. It is inevitable that there will be a great degree of distortion when we use the exchange rate method to compare the GDP of China and developed countries. First of all, exchange rate changes will have a great impact on the international comparison of GDP and its growth rate. For example, the rise of RMB exchange rate will push up the GDP in US dollars; On the contrary, GDP in dollar terms conceals the real economic growth when the exchange rate drops. Economists have long known the weaknesses and shortcomings of the exchange rate method, and have been looking for more reasonable statistical methods. Economists mainly from the world bank have established another statistical method, namely purchasing power parity. According to the purchasing power parity method, the same price is used for the same procts and services in different countries when estimating GDP. If the GDP of country a is twice as high as that of country B according to the exchange rate method, but because the price of country a is relatively high, it costs twice as much to buy the same group of goods as that of country B, then the GDP of the two countries calculated according to the purchasing power parity method is the same. This calculation shows that although the income of the residents of the two countries is twice the same as that of the residents of the two countries according to the exchange rate, the average material living standards of the residents of the two countries are almost the same e to the great price difference. If we compare the GDP of Japan with that of the United States, we will find this result. The United Nations Statistical Commission has an international comparison program (ICP), which designs a set of statistical methods for the use of purchasing power parity. The project divides commodities into 151 categories, including more than 500 core commodities and more than 2000 representative commodities. First calculate the purchasing power parity of all kinds of goods, and then take the share of consumption of all kinds of goods in the GDP as the weight to calculate the weighted average sum, so as to get the purchasing power parity of GDP of each country. Purchasing power parity method can avoid the statistical distortion caused by exchange rate and relative price differences, and can reflect the real living standard of a country's people. At present, 86 countries have adopted the international comparison program. However, the purchasing power parity method has its own defects. There are so many kinds of commodities in the world that it is impossible to include all commodities in statistics. Therefore, the choice of commodities included in statistics will affect the results of statistics. In addition, the use of purchasing power parity method requires a lot of statistical data, at least to collect more than 2000 kinds of commodity prices, consumption, etc. In a big country like China, it is very difficult to collect these data. However, the price differences caused by different brands and quality of goods make the classified statistics more difficult. In recent years, many economists and research institutions have estimated China's GDP by using the purchasing power parity method. However, e to the different commodity samples, data collected and estimation methods, the estimated value of GDP is quite different, and the difference between the highest and lowest estimates is more than double. The statistical deviation is so large that these results can hardly provide any useful information. Because of these problems, so far, the United Nations has not formally recommended purchasing power parity to all countries“ At the world level, the results of the ICP have not yet been used in United Nations wide assessments or in the world bank's allocation of preferential loans. The position of the United Nations Statistical Commission at recent sessions is that at the world level, the results of the ICP will not be used for administrative purposes. ". http://www.1000tj.com/HP/20100205/DetailD626790.shtml

5. Hypothesis: in China, buy a dozen (10 per plan) meat buns, the unit price is 5 yuan, equivalent to US $0.64; In Japan, buy a dozen meat buns, the unit price is 1100 yen, equivalent to US $9.17; In the United States to buy a dozen meat mplings, the unit price is $5
in order to easily compare the purchasing power of countries in the world, the US dollar system is generally adopted at present<

If:
the United States sells 4 million dozen meat buns a day, and its GDP of purchasing power meat buns is US $20 million
Japan sells 1 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 9.17 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is only 25% of that of the United States, so it is only 5 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns
China sells 30 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 19.2 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is 7.5 times that of the United States, so it should be 150 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns< According to the IMF's report in September 2006, the world's top four purchasing power GDP in 2005:
1
2. China is 9412.4 billion US dollars, the second largest in the world
3. Japan is the third largest country in the world with 3910.7 billion US dollars
4. India ranks fourth in the world with us $3633.4 billion

from the above data, in terms of total purchasing power GDP, China has left Japan far behind India, which is 2.59 times that of India and 2.41 times that of Japan. Compared with the United States, it is rapidly approaching, which is 76.66% of the United States
although the data for 2006 are not available yet, according to the preliminary statistics of the China Bureau of statistics, the real growth rate is 10.7%, while the nominal growth rate is 15%. Therefore, it can be predicted that China's total purchasing power GDP in 2006 will exceed US $10500 billion, which will reach more than 82% of that of the United States, further widening the gap with Japan and India< It is further predicted that China's purchasing power GDP in 2010 will exceed that of the United States

here, compare the total purchasing power GDP of Japan and India
in 2005, Japan's total purchasing power GDP was only 7.6% higher than India's, while India's real economic growth in 2006 was more than 9%, while Japan's was only 2%. Therefore, India's GDP in 2006 may surpass that of Japan, ranking third in the world
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6. Purchasing power parity is PPP. If we compare the GDP of two countries, we need to change it into the same monetary unit, but the exchange rate has a greater impact on it, and the calculation with purchasing power reflects a country's GDP level more truly

the following is from the Internet: purchasing power parity (PPP), also known as relative purchasing power index, is a kind of equivalent coefficient between currencies calculated according to different price levels of different countries, which enables us to make a reasonable economic comparison of the GDP of each country, There may be a big gap between the theoretical exchange rate and the real exchange rate
the theory points out that under the condition of balanced foreign trade, the exchange rate between the two countries will tend to be close to purchasing power parity. Generally speaking, this index can only be obtained by examining the prices of many goods according to their relative importance to the economy
PPP exchange rate is more accurate for comparing the living standards of different countries. The current currency exchange rate will mislead people to compare their living standards. For example, if the Mexican Peso depreciates by half against the US dollar, then GDP in US dollars will also halve. But that doesn't mean Mexicans are getting poorer. If the income and price level in Peso remain unchanged, and the imported goods are not important to Mexicans' living standard (because the price of imported goods will double), then the devaluation will not lead to the deterioration of Mexicans' quality of life. If purchasing power parity is used, this problem can be avoided
a simple example of measuring purchasing power parity is the Big Mac index created by the economist. The index compares the selling prices of Big Mac in McDonald's outlets in different countries: if a big Mac costs $4 in the United States and $3 in the United Kingdom, then the PPP exchange rate between the dollar and the pound is $3 = $4. If the exchange rate between us dollar and British pound is 1:1 in this example, then according to the theory of purchasing power parity, the real exchange rate in the future will be close to the purchasing power parity exchange rate
the theory of purchasing power parity (PPP) is a kind of exchange rate determination theory with a very long history. Its theoretical origin can be traced back to the 16th century, and the systematic elaboration of it was completed by Swedish scholar Kassel in 1992. Its basic idea is that the value of money lies in its purchasing power, Therefore, the exchange rate between different currencies depends on their respective purchasing power, so the exchange rate between different currencies depends on the comparison of their purchasing power, that is, there is a direct relationship between the exchange rate and the price level of each country

7. I guess you are asking why there is a big difference between China's (currency) purchasing power and (nominal) GDP. It is easy to understand after adding adjectives. The analysis is as follows:
GDP refers to the value of all the final procts and services proced in the economy of a country or region in a certain period of time (a quarter or a year). Generally, the GDP published is nominal GDP, which is the GDP calculated at the price of that year. For example, in 2008, the southern Blizzard caused a sharp drop in vegetable proction and soaring prices. Suppose a farmer proces a cabbage, which costs 5 yuan in 2007 and 10 yuan in 2008. In fact, the farmer only proced one cabbage this year, but the GDP rose from 5 yuan in 2007 to 10 yuan
the purchasing power of money can be measured by a simple index, that is, the reciprocal of price (1 / P), which is usually used to calculate the price of a basket of goods in social goods and services. Let's simplify here. Let's assume the price of cabbage. Under this assumption, the purchasing power in 2007 is 1 / 5 = 0.2, which means that one yuan can buy 0.2 cabbages; Similarly, in 2008, one yuan could buy 0.1 cabbage, and the purchasing power of money decreased
now let's talk about the relationship between the two, because GDP depends not only on the price P, but also on the output Q. if the price rises less or maintains and the output increases, GDP will still grow. This is the goal of economic development in many countries: rapid economic development and slow price rise. In general, the relationship between GDP and purchased goods can be negative (GDP increases e to rising prices, and vice versa) or positive (GDP increases e to rising output, and vice versa).

8. Try to see
countries with GDP ranking in the world http://www.oursolo.org/19641.html
List_ of_ countries_ by_ GDP_( List of GDP of each country_ of_ countries_ by_ GDP_( PPP)
list of countries' GDP (purchasing power parity)
http://www.photius.com/rankings/
2009 national rankings
http://www.finfacts.ie/biz10/globalworldincomepercapita.htm
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0 ,,contentMDK:20399244~menuPK:1504474~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419, 00. HTML

all of these

9.

The formulas are:

31x27, 53x32, 57x41, 22x79, 50x67, 92x37, 43x82, 11x64, 63x72, 21x58, 22x80, 24x35, 19x66, 30x54, 79x20, 83x43, 71x67, 38x85, 88x24, 63x77

Multiplication skills:

1, commutative law of multiplication: a * b = b * a

2, associative law of multiplication: a * b * C = (a * b) * C = a * (b * c)

3, distributive law of multiplication: (a + b) * C = a * C + b * C A-b) * C = a * C-B * C

2. Pay attention to four problems in vertical multiplication:

1. Align the last digit of two numbers

In order to rece the times of multiplication, the number with more numbers should be written on the top and the number with less numbers should be written on the bottom

3. If there is "0" at the end of two numbers, you can only align the last digit of the number before "0" when writing the vertical proct, and finally add the number of "0" shared by two numbers after the vertical proct

In decimal multiplication, the decimal point of the proct should be determined according to the multiple of the decimal

extended data:

every letter in the multiplication formula can generally represent numbers, monomials, polynomials, and some can also be extended to fractions and radicals. Multiplication formula is an important part of integral multiplication. It is of great significance to master multiplication formula accurately and skillfully for learning integral multiplication and other integral operations well. Multiplication formula is the most common and basic formula, from which other formulas can be derived

The square of a polynomial is equal to the sum of the squares of each term, plus twice the proct of each two terms. Most of the formulas can be used not only sequentially (polynomial multiplication), but also reversibly (factorization)