There is no time to calculate the force of the mining machine

1. N card directly ignores the
a card. To put it bluntly, it depends on the frequency and SP
,
the better the a card, the stronger the mining.

2. As the name suggests, the mine calculation card is a graphics card used for mining. More strictly speaking, it is a graphics card used for mining with high load for a long time. The graphics card used in mining usually works at full load 24 hours a day for several months. In this way, PCB and electronic components will accelerate aging, affecting the life of components. Not counting the rest time of the graphics card, even if we play the game for 8 hours a day, the life of the mine card is only one third of that of the normal graphics card. It can be said that the general life of the mine card is only a few months.

3.

1、 Mining principle

at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining

looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:

CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)

mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return

in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes

to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin

Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply

< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >

nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability

there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises

2. Mine pool

in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance

the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day

3. Cloud computing power

in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative

Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:

Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee

if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee

Mining risks are as follows:

< UL >

at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle

mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand

the risk of power outage

< UL >

< EM >
< / EM >

4. Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency based on decentralization, using peer-to-peer network and consensus initiative, open source, and blockchain as the underlying technology. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. Unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity

warm tips:
1. The above explanations are for reference only, without any suggestions
2. Before investing, it is recommended that you first understand the risks existing in the project, and clearly understand the investors, investment institutions, chain activity and other information of the project, rather than blindly investing or mistakenly entering the capital market. Investment is risky, so we should be cautious when entering the market
response time: November 30, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html

5.

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

More importantly, if a "calculator manufacturer" monopolizes the calculator market, it can also deliberately proce this kind of calculator with errors to change the mathematical rules

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

After

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

Then, what measures should we take in the face of this situation

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com

6.

Mining is the use of bitcoin mining machine, which is used to earn bitcoin

one of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server

bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce

mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. The mining machine composed of many graphics cards, even if it's only hd6770, can surpass the single graphics card of most users

and this is not the most terrible. Some mining machines are made up of more such graphics card arrays. When dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards come together, the graphics card itself costs money. Considering the hardware price and other costs, there is a considerable expenditure in mining

< H2 > extended data:

bitcoin mining process:

1. To find the ore pool

to start mining, there must be a ore pool with convenient operation and stable output. Its function is to subdivide the data packets for each terminal, and pay the corresponding amount of bitcoin according to the proportion of the data packets calculated by the terminal through precise algorithm

2. Download bitcoin miner (software)

in fact, there are many kinds of this miner, you can go to the official website to download

3. Setting mining software is a green software. After installation, we can set the language first to facilitate further setting. Next, you need to set the server, user name, password, equipment and so on. Generally, the server chooses a better network from BTC guide series, and the user name and password are set by ourselves before

4, bitcoin mining start

when we confirm that all settings are correct, click the "start mining" button to start bitcoin mining, and then the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, you can monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver

7. Bitcoin mining is to use the computing power of your mining equipment to calculate mathematical problems and confirm transactions. The system will give unequal bitcoin rewards according to the amount of computing power you contribute to the whole network. Bitcoin mining has gone through three stages. In the first stage, we use CPU to mine, because there are few people mining; The second stage, we use the graphics card mining, popular point is burning graphics card mining, players began to wake up; In the third stage, professional ASIC mining machines are used for mining. Starting from Avalon's mining machines and the introction of cat roasting mining machines into the market, the computing power in this stage is surging, and the mining difficulty is increasing. In the following period, new mining machine manufacturers continue to join the mining machine instry. However, with the increase of computing power and the progress of technology, Some mining machinery manufacturers began to go bankrupt or fade out of the market. Avalon has always been active in people's field of vision and constantly launched new chips. At present, Avalon has launched three generations of mining machinery chips, and the fourth generation will soon be launched.

8.

Although many investors know nothing about bitcoin mining, they still can't resist the temptation of bitcoin price and plan to invest in the mining army. So if you also want to mine, I believe you will have a question in your heart: "what is a bitcoin miner? What is the principle of bitcoin mining machine? " To solve this problem, let's remember some popular science today

origin of bitcoin

to fully understand the origin of bitcoin, we have to mention the existing financial system

bitcoin mining machine specially used for mining. The popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Leyte coin, zeta coin, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bar, red coin, pole coin, BBQ coin and prime currency. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world

with the orderly implementation of cashless society, banknotes will inevitably disappear in the long river of history with the passage of time. The future digital currency is believed to be similar to bitcoin, but it is by no means a limited supply. But when the human ability to proce wealth can be completely matched by the computing power of the computer, the issuing speed of e-money is directly proportional to or slightly exceeds the computing speed of the computer to create moderate inflation. In the future, while mining, it is also creating value rather than wasting electricity. In the end, the small changes in proctivity of digital currency match the difficulty of computing power, which may be the final form of human currency