Decentralized government big data
first, big data brings new opportunities for the transformation of government governance concept
the transformation of governance concept is the premise of improving government governance ability. The transformation of concept needs the integration of new culture and new thinking. The data culture and data thinking contained in big data can just provide a breakthrough for the transformation of governance concept. Based on big data, we can explore the multi-dimensional, multi-layer and multi-level governance of government Finally, the government regulation concept with the government as the main body will be transformed into the government governance concept with collaborative governance and public service as the guidance. In the era of big data, the basis of government governance is no longer personal experience and the will of the chief executive, but real data. On the basis of in-depth mass and on-the-spot investigation in the past, the objective data collected systematically and the scientific results of empirical analysis will become the most important basis for government decision-making“ The characteristics of respecting facts, advocating rationality and emphasizing accuracy and the concept of "speaking with data, making decisions with data, managing with data and innovating with data" will become the core of the transformation of government governance concept
Second, big data brings new opportunities for the innovation of government governance model
the core idea of big data methodology is to apply mathematical algorithms to massive data, find correlation from data, and predict the possibility of things through this correlation. In addition, relying on big data technology and platform, through flexible organization methods such as outsourcing and crowdsourcing, the organizational structure of government governance can be transformed from bureaucracy, segmentation and closure to openness, collaboration and cooperation. Therefore, the introction of big data methods and means into the field of government governance is an effective way to realize the innovation of government governance model. Based on the above methodology, the new opportunities brought by big data for the innovation of government governance model mainly include: from extensive management to refined management, from indivial combat management to collaborative sharing management, from passive response management to active foresight management, from e-government management to government 2.0 management, from risk concealment management to risk prevention management, Finally, comprehensive data-driven governance model innovation will be realized
Third, big data brings new opportunities for scientific government decision-making
with the increasing complexity of public affairs, it is difficult to fully understand what is happening and make a correct judgment based on personal perception. If government departments want to improve the scientificity of decision-making, they need to apply big data thinking and technology to government governance and decision-making, Relying on large-scale data collection to intuitively present the law of economic and social operation, through the corresponding data mining to assist government departments in scientific decision-making. The opportunities brought by big data for scientific government decision-making are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, in the decision-making stage, under the background of big data, government decision-making is no longer made by indivial leading cadres "slapping their heads", but by "speaking with data", people (data) who can hear gunfire make decisions. Such government decision-making is to scientifically analyze the objective data Based on the full understanding of the objective reality, the accuracy, applicability and scientific level of decision-making are greatly improved; Secondly, in the tracking feedback stage of the implementation effect of the decision, through the popularity of the Internet of things and social networks, a large number of objective data can be quickly collected to the decision-makers. Through these data, the implementation process and effect of the decision can be monitored in real time, and the implementation effect and the next improvement direction of the decision can be more comprehensively grasped< Fourthly, big data brings new opportunities for the improvement of government service efficiency
improving government service efficiency is an important support for the improvement of government governance ability, and also the key to the construction of service-oriented government under the background of big data, The improvement of government service efficiency mainly includes the improvement of the efficiency of administrative examination and approval of government departments and the improvement of the quality of public service procts. In terms of improving the efficiency of administrative examination and approval, big data can break through the information island of various government departments, break the data segmentation of various departments, and let the data "run errands" for the common people by building a unified cloud platform for government administrative examination and approval, so as to save the trouble and helplessness of "running errands, grinding mouth, running more than ten departments, and stamping dozens of official seals", This not only improves the efficiency of administrative examination and approval, but also saves government expenditure. In terms of improving the quality of public service procts, big data improves the accuracy, stratification and personalization of the supply of public service procts by mining and analyzing the data of public service procts and service objects; Through the openness and compatibility of public data, the public can participate in the design, provision and supervision of public service procts, so as to improve the quality of public service procts.
first of all, explain why we need to build a data repository. Its core purpose is to aggregate the original data scattered in various government affairs systems. You should note that this is not to aggregate all the data, but the data that needs to be shared in multiple government affairs systems, When analyzing big data, we need to use all kinds of relevant data. The business goal of the data resource database here is the same as that of the data resource center mentioned in the traditional e-government construction. After it is incorporated into the big data platform, it will only be applied to the big data related technologies such as distributed storage, stream computing, etc. in the construction process to solve the data volume and real-time requirements
the construction of data repository itself includes two aspects: data standards, data specifications and interfaces, and the construction of data model. There is little difference in the past. The only added content is that more consideration should be given to the correlation between data itself in the construction of data model. The second is the construction of data platform, which is quite different from the traditional technology. One is that in the process of building data platform, it needs to be applied to big data related technology platform, such as Hadoop platform. This is not a simple data storage platform, but a complete platform that must provide data storage, data processing and data analysis capabilities, Secondly, the ultimate goal of the construction of big data platform is to share and develop the data capability after processing and analysis to reflect the business value. Therefore, the big data sharing service capability is needed, that is, the big data platform itself must be an open and shared data capability service platform
the difficulty in the construction of big data platform is not in technology, but in business, which involves two levels of data opening and sharing. One is that data can be shared among various departments within the government instry, including instry and commerce, taxation, quality supervision, transportation and other departments. It is very difficult to solve the departments and interest barriers in a short time; The second is whether the ability of big data platform after final processing and analysis can be further shared and opened to the outside enterprises and public service departments. This is the second difficulty. At this point, the openness of big data resources and data directories in foreign countries like the United States is far better than that in China. See Tu zipei's big data age for details
the second is to speed up the construction of computing service capacity and application capacity. Introce leading public cloud service enterprises to provide high-quality infrastructure as a service (IAAs), platform as a service (PAAS), software as a service (SaaS) and other public cloud services; Guide the information projects supported by financial funds to be preferentially deployed in the unified cloud computing infrastructure to promote the sharing of government information system and information resources; To meet the needs of e-government, intelligent transportation, intelligent logistics, enterprise management and smart city construction in Guizhou Province, we will develop an instry cloud platform with strong service function, new business model and great driving effect; Provide professional instrial cloud computing services to meet the needs of enterprise R & D, proct design, proction control, business management, etc; Accelerate the research and development of cloud computing platform resource management software, cloud security procts, cloud mode application software, and develop cloud computing system solutions for key instries
interpretation: computing services and application capacity building
for this part, we can see that it is the construction content of conventional cloud computing platform and smart city. Most of the time, the government's planning is often not to understand the nature of a thing and blindly pursue the large and comprehensive ideal construction mode. From the earliest all over the enclosure, especially in cloud computing center and instrial base; When the concept of smart city is hyped up, all the contents such as cloud computing, SOA, big data and Internet of things are included in the smart city planning. In the era of big data, the planning effect we see is that all the contents seem to be eager to be included in the big data instry planning, so as to carry out the idealized large-scale and comprehensive construction. As a result, the platform project will die in the process of construction. This is a problem that every government department must consider before making big data planning, that is, it must be clear what the essence of big data is? I hope to solve any business problems through the construction of big data platform, but I didn't think it was not suitable to start the planning and construction of big data instry
is there no relationship between big data platform and cloud platform? That's not absolute. The relationship between the two is explained and corresponding in the most popular way. First of all, big data itself needs to be stored, and big data needs to be calculated in the process of processing and aggregating to the data resource platform. Then resources are needed to provide computing and storage capacity, which can be flexibly expanded. The provision of this capacity is the content of IAAs layer of cloud computing platform. Secondly, big data processing involves data integration, data collection and aggregation, data parallel processing, data flow processing, data analysis, data service capability sharing and opening. These capabilities are already in the upper resource layer, that is, platform layer capabilities, and these platform layer capabilities can be incorporated into the broad cloud computing PAAS platform layer
the third is to speed up the construction of big data analysis ability and utilization ability. Strengthen the research and development of key algorithms and common basic technologies for big data analysis, develop specialized data processing and analysis tools, and form a resource pool of big data basic technologies and procts; Give full play to the leading role of big enterprise platform and the innovation advantages of professional big data service enterprises, accelerate the market-oriented big data application, develop third-party big data services, and provide characteristic data services; Support data opening, sharing and application services, explore business model innovation, and promote the public application of big data; Select key instry areas, carry out big data demonstration application based on cloud computing, promote the development of professional big data mining, analysis, application and service, and improve the application ability of big data instry
interpretation: data analysis and utilization capacity building
once again emphasizes that the core of big data is to realize the improvement of business value and public service ability. If the big data platform and data resource center we build realize the aggregation of data and the standardization of data model, but these massive data can not be well mined and analyzed for correlation, If the value and ability of the data itself cannot be opened through service, then the whole big data platform will have no value
the key points of Guizhou big data instry strategy are to open and share data, develop third-party big data services, recommend big data public applications and explore new business models. This is still a business model and business problem, rather than a technical problem. The greatest value of the processed and analyzed data is that it can be used for decision-making and provide more efficient public data services for the public
according to the characteristics of massive, heterogeneous and real-time of big data, it can be seen that it is quite difficult to mine and analyze massive heterogeneous data and meet the real-time or quasi real-time requirements of big data analysis. This aspect involves the use of CEP, stream processing, MPP, parallel computing and other technologies; On the one hand, it involves the establishment of data correlation analysis model
there are two modes in the construction of big data platform. One is to build a data storage platform, then a processing platform, and finally a data analysis and mining platform; One is to analyze whether big data application scenarios are involved according to business objectives, which interrelated data are involved according to application scenarios, and then conct data modeling, and then consider how to store, process and analyze these data efficiently and extensibly. For the big data of government departments, we even suggest the second way, that is, not to pursue big and comprehensive at the beginning, but to break through each one in a targeted way to quickly reflect the commercial value of the big data platform.
The public or government sector is known for creating and using large amounts of data. Big data analysis provides opportunities for government agencies to save public funds. In fact, by effectively using big data analysis, the federal government can save tens of billions of dollars a year. Here are the benefits of big data analysis for the federal and government:
fast and complete decision making
when identifying trends and other insights locked in big data analysis, it becomes easier and faster to make organizational decisions. This is achieved by using streaming tools and other techniques to process the generated real-time data. If these tools are not available, the decision can be reverted to guessing or completely avoiding the decision process
improve proctivity
the availability of necessary tools enables all users to effectively use big data analysis set to find information, make wise decisions and provide better services. Better choices for the government will translate into better services for citizens
improve transparency and rece costs
many government tax authorities store personal information, which will be replicated throughout the public sector. Citizens are constantly asked to fill out forms to collect data that the government already has. Providing pre filled forms can help speed up processing time and rece errors in the information collected
if data is stored in a central location, all government agencies can easily access information from the shared pool. It also helps to rece efficiency and ensure that only the right data is used
the government using big data analysis set can make information flow freely, improve transparency and build trust with citizens. Citizens understand the data that the government collects and how it processes it. This transparency enables citizens to monitor the effect of government spending and forces the government to spend wisely. Organizations can provide information as a service by processing and sharing big data analysis< One of the core advantages of big data analysis in government is to eliminate fraud. In addition, organizations can eliminate internal waste by identifying differences. Depending on their tasks, these institutions can eliminate abuse and fraud caused by political parties or their service personnel
rece crime and security threats
big data analysis can help government departments find crimes and other illegal activities that pose security threats to society. Big data analysis will also help local governments and governments work together to rece community crime
careful analysis of big data analysis can help find abnormal behavior patterns, thus indicating the existence of fraud. The pattern can be used to provide configuration files and statistical parameters to identify suspicious transactions, which can then be closely monitored. The application of information centric methods in different data sets can help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal justice system< The main purpose of big data analysis is to optimize the use of IT system and enhance the analysis of financial activities. Government agencies that can integrate their data and analysis tools will significantly rece infrastructure and operational costs
improve task results
big data analysis provides the function of forecasting results and modeling data scenarios
improve emergency response
big data analysis can be used to deal with dangerous natural disasters, find health problems, prevent water shortage and coordinate thousands of displaced persons. For example, hurricane Maria, the analysis is used to identify areas that need quick help and better resource allocation
identify and rece inefficiency
careful analysis of big data can help government agencies and local councils understand their past mistakes
labor efficiency
big data analysis can help local governments or other institutions understand the labor gap caused by employees' resignation or retirement. These organizations can provide smooth operations by ensuring that new employees fill the gaps in the introction of retirees
the application of big data analysis in government
the flexibility of big data analysis enables it to be used in different fields. Through the implementation of big data analysis platform, government agencies can access a large amount of information that is crucial to their daily functions. Real time access to this information enables governments to identify areas of concern, make better and faster decisions, and make necessary changes. The following are the areas where big data analysis can be applied in government:
health care
health care is a big problem all over the world. Many health systems rely on government subsidies and support. Therefore, there is a risk of resource waste or unfair distribution of government subsidies. Big data analysis gives the government an opportunity to clearly understand the location of fund allocation and the reasons behind it. This means that government agencies can have better control over resources and their effectiveness in the community
agriculture
it is difficult to trace livestock and land in a country or even in the world. It will be a difficult task for the government to track the variety of crops and livestock grown by its citizens. Big data analysis can change the way the government manages and supports farmers and their resources. The ability to collect and analyze large amounts of
data makes agricultural management easier
transportation
every day, millions of people use public roads while driving or walking. Many factors affect road safety, such as road conditions, police officers, vehicle safety and weather conditions. With these factors, it is almost impossible to control all the things that may lead to accidents. Big data analysis enables the government to supervise
transportation departments to ensure that roads are safer, better and newer
local government agencies can analyze data obtained from traffic flows on different roads. Analysis tools help to aggregate real-time traffic data transmitted by road sensors, cameras, and GPS devices. In return, this information enables traffic managers to identify potential threats to road safety. Any potential threat to urban traffic flow can be solved by adjusting public transport routes in real time
Ecation
big data analysis can help the government better understand the ecation needs at federal and local levels
this ensures that young people get the highest quality ecation, which will bring great benefits to the future of the country< Many countries in the world have been trying to eliminate poverty for many years
big data analysis provides the necessary tools for governments to reveal better innovative ideas on how to rece global poverty levels. These data make it easier to identify areas of urgent needs and how to meet them<
government use case
weather forecast:
the State Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of China continuously collects data from sea, land and space-based sensors. When you hear the weather forecast for a hurricane or tornado, the data comes from NOAA. The organization uses big data analysis methods to collect and analyze large amounts of data to provide correct information< National Security:
NSA obtains its data processing capability from big data analysis. It makes use of accumulo, an open source project designed by NSA, to provide users with the function of storing data in large tables. Smart Government: using big data to analyze what the government can do, so as to easily access information and enhance security. When an agent puts data sets together, it can use accumulo to investigate various details while blocking access to information that may reveal personal information< Crime detection and prevention:
the United Nations Office on drugs and crime reported that in 2009, criminals laundered more than $1.6 trillion, accounting for 2.7% of GDP. China's financial crime enforcement bureau (FinCEN) uses big data analysis tools to collect and analyze a large number of bank transactions. This helps to combat money laundering, the financing of terrorism and other illegal activities
Network Security:
the Department of homeland security has adopted an intrusion detection system for the sensor. In addition to detecting malicious software and unauthorized access attempts, the sensor can also analyze the Internet traffic in and out of the Federal system. Big data analysis is used to identify abnormal and suspicious behaviors. The information obtained will help to combat cybercrime
improved service delivery:
big data analysis has been implemented in the Bureau of natural resources to help protect, restore and manage the country's historical, natural and cultural resources for future generations. The agency has created a shared service notification that contains every piece of information that other agencies in a state may need. This shared pool of information provides insights and analysis for the agency's stakeholders as well as the public
1. Big data is not the same as open data
because there is no research on & lt; Big data & quot; As a result, most people equate open data with big data and regard any & quot; Big & quot; The release of all government data sets is regarded as big data. But in fact, a lot of open data is only discrete & lt; Small data;, It doesn't have the basic characteristics of large-scale, unprocessed and unstructured big data, and many online data sets published by open data institutions are only available sample sets
2. Big data is not equal to shared data
according to the survey, the big data platforms built by many local governments are just the same as those of the government shared data platforms in the past; Copy & quot;. The primary purpose of the government to promote the construction of big data platform is not to promote the application of big data, but to unify the government information infrastructure and realize the data interconnection of various departments. However, government big data is not only the business data of the government itself. In today's society, there are a large number of big data sources that are meaningful to government governance, such as finance, e-commerce, medical care, social media, etc., which are not completely controlled by the government itself
3. Big data is not the same as massive data
with the continuous development of big data in China, big data centers have been built in various places, but for the construction of big data centers, it still stays in & quot; Building machine room, equipment and data heap & quot; In this stage, we ignore big data and emphasize the analysis and application of data