Zhengzhou long distance bus center station to Jiaxian
Publish: 2021-05-07 04:46:50
1. There are no cars in Jiaxian county at the terminal and Xinnan passenger station
2. China's existing four Internet
1. China's national informatization
there is no reference to national information infrastructure in China, instead of the concept of national informatization. China's national informatization is the application of modern information technology in agriculture, instry, science and technology, national defense and all aspects of social life under the unified planning and organization of the state, and the in-depth development and extensive use of information resources to accelerate the process of national modernization
the goal of national informatization construction is: to initially form a certain scale and relatively complete national informatization system by 2000; By the year 20l0, a sound, large-scale and advanced national information system will be established. The national information system consists of the following six elements: information resources, national information network, information technology application, information technology and instry, information talents, information policies, regulations and standards
it can be seen that the informatization of China is different from that of foreign countries, such as information superhighway and national information infrastructure. China emphasizes the close relationship between the six elements of the information system, and puts the development and utilization of information resources at the core. In recent years, the development speed of China's information instry has exceeded the growth speed of the national economy. During the Eighth Five Year Plan period, the electronics instry increased by an average of 30% annually, and the telecommunications instry increased by an average of more than 40%. China communication network has basically realized digitization and program control. The country has initially built a network with optical cable as the main part, digital microwave and satellite communication as the auxiliary, and various means< At the end of 1993, the relevant departments of the state decided to build the "Golden Bridge", "golden card" and "golden pass" projects, referred to as the "three gold" projects“ The "Golden Bridge" project is a national public economic information and communication network, which is based on satellite integrated digital network and forms an integrated network structure of air and ground by means of optical fiber, microwave, wireless mobile, etc. it is connected with the special network of the State Council, ministries and commissions, and with provinces and cities, large and medium-sized enterprises, as well as national key projects. It can transmit data, voice, images, etc Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an information exchange platform, which provides a physical channel for the circulation of all kinds of information. At present, Jinqiao project has established a satellite integrated information network with VSAT technology as the main body and optical fiber as the auxiliary in 24 central cities of China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin and Shanghai
"gold card" project is e-money project. Its goal is to popularize financial transaction cards and credit cards in 300 million urban population in more than 10 years“ "Jinguan" project is to use EDI to realize international trade informatization and further integrate with international trade<
at present, 114 information centers have been set up by ministries (commissions and offices), 50% of which have established computer networks, and 15% of them have established computer networks covering the whole country; 32 information centers have been set up in provinces (cities and districts), 40% of which have network, and 10% of them have computer network covering the whole province (cities and districts); 1000 large state-owned enterprises have set up their own information centers, and 50% of them have set up enterprise computer networks. The connection ratio of these networks to the public network is less than 10%. According to the development of inteiwet in China, as of June 1999, the four Internets in China have been interconnected. Among them, there are more than 4 million users, more than 1600 access units, more than 150000 computers, and 12643 third level domain names registered under CN. It is predicted that the installed capacity of computers in China will exceed 10 million in 2000, 30% of which will be connected to various computer networks, mainly public computer networks. At the same time, with the establishment of high-speed Internet switching center and regional switching center, it will greatly promote the information sharing of Internet. By the year of 20l0, there will be more than 10 million computer networks in China, 30% of families will have access to network services, and the network of multi-media integration will make obvious progress< In recent years, the construction speed of China's public data communication network is very fast. The telecommunication department has established CHINAPAC, chinaddn, chianfrn and other digital communication networks, forming China's public data communication network<
China public packet switched data network (CHINAPAC)
opened in September 1993. By the end of 1996, it has covered cities above county level and some towns in developed areas, and connected with 44 data networks in 23 countries and regions in the world
(1) network status
packet switching network is the earliest basic data communication network constructed and developed by post and telecommunications departments. Based on the cittx.25 recommendation, packet switching network can meet the requirements of different rates, different types of terminal and computer, computer to computer and computer LAN communication. Packet switching network is a basic data communication network, on which various value-added services can be constructed, such as e-mail, EDI, fax store and forward, etc<
CHINAPAC is composed of national backbone network and provincial network. At present, the backbone network covers all provincial capital cities, and the provincial network covers all cities and developed towns with business requirements. Through the interconnection with the telephone network, CHINAPAC can cover all areas reached by the telephone network. CHINAPAC has a primary and secondary switching center. The primary switching center adopts an incomplete network structure, and the secondary switching center adopts a star structure; Chianipac has international entrances and exits in Beijing and Shanghai, and Guangzhou has entrances and exits to Hong Kong and Macao to complete the interconnection with international data
(2) network characteristics and service functions
the outstanding advantage of packet switching network is that it can open multiple virtual circuits on a physical circuit at the same time, which can be used by multiple users at the same time; The network has dynamic path out function and complex error correcting function. 10. 25 protocol is developed under the condition of poor transmission quality of physical link. In order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, it performs error checking and error retransmission on each link; This complex error checking mechanism limits its transmission efficiency, but it does provide a good guarantee for the safe transmission of user data< The services provided by CHINAPAC are as follows:
L. basic service function
basic service function refers to the basic service function provided by any DTE. It can meet the basic requirements of users for communication. There are two kinds of basic services: switched virtual circuit (SVC); Permanent virtual circuit (PVC)
2. Optional service function
User optional service function is to meet the special needs of users and provide users with special service functions, such as incoming call blocking, outgoing call blocking, one-way incoming logical channel, one-way outgoing logical channel, etc
3. Other service functions
Chinanet also provides other service functions recommended by ITU-T, such as virtual private network (VPN), TCP / IP, packet multiple access broadcasting, call diversion, etc< (3) user access mode
Chinanet provides two access modes
1. Dedicated line mode
is suitable for applications with large communication traffic, frequent use, high reliability and no consumption, but it needs to be used as a dedicated line, and the cost is relatively high. The access rate of dedicated line is 9.6-64kbps
2. Telephone dialing
is suitable for applications with small business volume, long intermission time and tolerance of call failure. Because it uses the existing telephone line, no additional investment is needed, and the data can share the line with the voice, so it greatly saves the investment and is an ideal access method for scattered users. It can be divided into x.28 asynchronous dial-up access and x.32 synchronous dial-up access. The dial-up access rate is l200-9600bps
(4) tariff policy
CHINAPAC has two current charging methods, one is time measurement charging, the other is monthly fee. Time measurement charge< Compared with DDN and frame relay, packet service is cheaper, which is the most economical choice for users to construct their internal Wan. In the case of establishing multipoint connection at the same time, the virtual circuit function of packet switching network can replace the expensive multipoint DDN special line. However, e to the complexity of X.25 protocol, packet service is used in low-speed applications with the speed lower than 64K. For example, with the continuous advancement of the gold card project, the use of POS machine is becoming more and more popular. The POS business volume is small, but the real-time requirements are high. Non packet network interconnection is a very good solution to realize the communication between POS machine and host computer<
China public digital data network (DDN)
digital communication network (DDN) is a digital transmission network that uses digital channels to provide permanent and semi permanent connection lines and mainly transmits data signals. It can provide a variety of flexible data interfaces for the transmission of data signals. Because of its simple protocol and high speed, it has developed rapidly in China in recent years
DDN is composed of digital channel, DDN node, network management system and user loop. It mainly provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint digital dedicated line services, as well as frame relay and compressed voice / G3 fax services< The main characteristics of DDN are as follows: (1) high transmission quality, which is greatly improved e to the large number of fiber transmission channels used in DDN at present< (2) the transmission rate is high, ranging from 2400bps to 2Mbps
(3) the protocol is simple, because DDN mainly uses time division multiplexing and cross connection technology to transmit user information completely and transparently, it has less technical requirements for users and flexible application
(4) in the DDN network, the advanced network management technology is adopted, the line scheling and fault monitoring can realize centralized management, and the line can also automatically route and detour in case of fault, which improves the utilization rate of user lines< (1) service application and characteristics of DDN
DDN mainly provides point-to-point digital private line service. It is widely used in the fields of banking, securities, meteorology, culture and ecation, and in the interconnection of lan7wan and different networks. For example, the headquarters and branches of a company are located in different places, and the communication between the two points is very frequent. It is necessary not only to maintain telephone contact, but also to carry out computer network communication. If you rent a DDN special line and add multiplexing equipment at both ends to connect the telephone system and computer system distributed in the two places, you can easily communicate between the two places. This not only saves the long-distance telephone cost between the two places, but also realizes the interconnection of computer systems
DDN also provides multipoint services, mainly including broadcast multipoint service, bidirectional multipoint service (polling) and video conference service. The characteristics of broadcast multipoint service are: data flow can be transmitted from one point to multiple points, so that multiple points can obtain the same information at the same time. Multipoint broadcasting service is suitable for information promulgation (stock, news, weather forecast, etc.). Two way multipoint service mainly means that a master station can communicate with a slave station at one time. The master station visits a slave station regularly and exchanges information with the slave station. Two way multipoint communication service is suitable for centralized monitoring, credit card verification, data service, reservation system and other fields. The video conference service uses the multipoint bridge function of DDN to realize the transmission of multipoint I, image, voice and other information. Each station of the video conference system can be used as the main station and other stations
1. China's national informatization
there is no reference to national information infrastructure in China, instead of the concept of national informatization. China's national informatization is the application of modern information technology in agriculture, instry, science and technology, national defense and all aspects of social life under the unified planning and organization of the state, and the in-depth development and extensive use of information resources to accelerate the process of national modernization
the goal of national informatization construction is: to initially form a certain scale and relatively complete national informatization system by 2000; By the year 20l0, a sound, large-scale and advanced national information system will be established. The national information system consists of the following six elements: information resources, national information network, information technology application, information technology and instry, information talents, information policies, regulations and standards
it can be seen that the informatization of China is different from that of foreign countries, such as information superhighway and national information infrastructure. China emphasizes the close relationship between the six elements of the information system, and puts the development and utilization of information resources at the core. In recent years, the development speed of China's information instry has exceeded the growth speed of the national economy. During the Eighth Five Year Plan period, the electronics instry increased by an average of 30% annually, and the telecommunications instry increased by an average of more than 40%. China communication network has basically realized digitization and program control. The country has initially built a network with optical cable as the main part, digital microwave and satellite communication as the auxiliary, and various means< At the end of 1993, the relevant departments of the state decided to build the "Golden Bridge", "golden card" and "golden pass" projects, referred to as the "three gold" projects“ The "Golden Bridge" project is a national public economic information and communication network, which is based on satellite integrated digital network and forms an integrated network structure of air and ground by means of optical fiber, microwave, wireless mobile, etc. it is connected with the special network of the State Council, ministries and commissions, and with provinces and cities, large and medium-sized enterprises, as well as national key projects. It can transmit data, voice, images, etc Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an information exchange platform, which provides a physical channel for the circulation of all kinds of information. At present, Jinqiao project has established a satellite integrated information network with VSAT technology as the main body and optical fiber as the auxiliary in 24 central cities of China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin and Shanghai
"gold card" project is e-money project. Its goal is to popularize financial transaction cards and credit cards in 300 million urban population in more than 10 years“ "Jinguan" project is to use EDI to realize international trade informatization and further integrate with international trade<
at present, 114 information centers have been set up by ministries (commissions and offices), 50% of which have established computer networks, and 15% of them have established computer networks covering the whole country; 32 information centers have been set up in provinces (cities and districts), 40% of which have network, and 10% of them have computer network covering the whole province (cities and districts); 1000 large state-owned enterprises have set up their own information centers, and 50% of them have set up enterprise computer networks. The connection ratio of these networks to the public network is less than 10%. According to the development of inteiwet in China, as of June 1999, the four Internets in China have been interconnected. Among them, there are more than 4 million users, more than 1600 access units, more than 150000 computers, and 12643 third level domain names registered under CN. It is predicted that the installed capacity of computers in China will exceed 10 million in 2000, 30% of which will be connected to various computer networks, mainly public computer networks. At the same time, with the establishment of high-speed Internet switching center and regional switching center, it will greatly promote the information sharing of Internet. By the year of 20l0, there will be more than 10 million computer networks in China, 30% of families will have access to network services, and the network of multi-media integration will make obvious progress< In recent years, the construction speed of China's public data communication network is very fast. The telecommunication department has established CHINAPAC, chinaddn, chianfrn and other digital communication networks, forming China's public data communication network<
China public packet switched data network (CHINAPAC)
opened in September 1993. By the end of 1996, it has covered cities above county level and some towns in developed areas, and connected with 44 data networks in 23 countries and regions in the world
(1) network status
packet switching network is the earliest basic data communication network constructed and developed by post and telecommunications departments. Based on the cittx.25 recommendation, packet switching network can meet the requirements of different rates, different types of terminal and computer, computer to computer and computer LAN communication. Packet switching network is a basic data communication network, on which various value-added services can be constructed, such as e-mail, EDI, fax store and forward, etc<
CHINAPAC is composed of national backbone network and provincial network. At present, the backbone network covers all provincial capital cities, and the provincial network covers all cities and developed towns with business requirements. Through the interconnection with the telephone network, CHINAPAC can cover all areas reached by the telephone network. CHINAPAC has a primary and secondary switching center. The primary switching center adopts an incomplete network structure, and the secondary switching center adopts a star structure; Chianipac has international entrances and exits in Beijing and Shanghai, and Guangzhou has entrances and exits to Hong Kong and Macao to complete the interconnection with international data
(2) network characteristics and service functions
the outstanding advantage of packet switching network is that it can open multiple virtual circuits on a physical circuit at the same time, which can be used by multiple users at the same time; The network has dynamic path out function and complex error correcting function. 10. 25 protocol is developed under the condition of poor transmission quality of physical link. In order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, it performs error checking and error retransmission on each link; This complex error checking mechanism limits its transmission efficiency, but it does provide a good guarantee for the safe transmission of user data< The services provided by CHINAPAC are as follows:
L. basic service function
basic service function refers to the basic service function provided by any DTE. It can meet the basic requirements of users for communication. There are two kinds of basic services: switched virtual circuit (SVC); Permanent virtual circuit (PVC)
2. Optional service function
User optional service function is to meet the special needs of users and provide users with special service functions, such as incoming call blocking, outgoing call blocking, one-way incoming logical channel, one-way outgoing logical channel, etc
3. Other service functions
Chinanet also provides other service functions recommended by ITU-T, such as virtual private network (VPN), TCP / IP, packet multiple access broadcasting, call diversion, etc< (3) user access mode
Chinanet provides two access modes
1. Dedicated line mode
is suitable for applications with large communication traffic, frequent use, high reliability and no consumption, but it needs to be used as a dedicated line, and the cost is relatively high. The access rate of dedicated line is 9.6-64kbps
2. Telephone dialing
is suitable for applications with small business volume, long intermission time and tolerance of call failure. Because it uses the existing telephone line, no additional investment is needed, and the data can share the line with the voice, so it greatly saves the investment and is an ideal access method for scattered users. It can be divided into x.28 asynchronous dial-up access and x.32 synchronous dial-up access. The dial-up access rate is l200-9600bps
(4) tariff policy
CHINAPAC has two current charging methods, one is time measurement charging, the other is monthly fee. Time measurement charge< Compared with DDN and frame relay, packet service is cheaper, which is the most economical choice for users to construct their internal Wan. In the case of establishing multipoint connection at the same time, the virtual circuit function of packet switching network can replace the expensive multipoint DDN special line. However, e to the complexity of X.25 protocol, packet service is used in low-speed applications with the speed lower than 64K. For example, with the continuous advancement of the gold card project, the use of POS machine is becoming more and more popular. The POS business volume is small, but the real-time requirements are high. Non packet network interconnection is a very good solution to realize the communication between POS machine and host computer<
China public digital data network (DDN)
digital communication network (DDN) is a digital transmission network that uses digital channels to provide permanent and semi permanent connection lines and mainly transmits data signals. It can provide a variety of flexible data interfaces for the transmission of data signals. Because of its simple protocol and high speed, it has developed rapidly in China in recent years
DDN is composed of digital channel, DDN node, network management system and user loop. It mainly provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint digital dedicated line services, as well as frame relay and compressed voice / G3 fax services< The main characteristics of DDN are as follows: (1) high transmission quality, which is greatly improved e to the large number of fiber transmission channels used in DDN at present< (2) the transmission rate is high, ranging from 2400bps to 2Mbps
(3) the protocol is simple, because DDN mainly uses time division multiplexing and cross connection technology to transmit user information completely and transparently, it has less technical requirements for users and flexible application
(4) in the DDN network, the advanced network management technology is adopted, the line scheling and fault monitoring can realize centralized management, and the line can also automatically route and detour in case of fault, which improves the utilization rate of user lines< (1) service application and characteristics of DDN
DDN mainly provides point-to-point digital private line service. It is widely used in the fields of banking, securities, meteorology, culture and ecation, and in the interconnection of lan7wan and different networks. For example, the headquarters and branches of a company are located in different places, and the communication between the two points is very frequent. It is necessary not only to maintain telephone contact, but also to carry out computer network communication. If you rent a DDN special line and add multiplexing equipment at both ends to connect the telephone system and computer system distributed in the two places, you can easily communicate between the two places. This not only saves the long-distance telephone cost between the two places, but also realizes the interconnection of computer systems
DDN also provides multipoint services, mainly including broadcast multipoint service, bidirectional multipoint service (polling) and video conference service. The characteristics of broadcast multipoint service are: data flow can be transmitted from one point to multiple points, so that multiple points can obtain the same information at the same time. Multipoint broadcasting service is suitable for information promulgation (stock, news, weather forecast, etc.). Two way multipoint service mainly means that a master station can communicate with a slave station at one time. The master station visits a slave station regularly and exchanges information with the slave station. Two way multipoint communication service is suitable for centralized monitoring, credit card verification, data service, reservation system and other fields. The video conference service uses the multipoint bridge function of DDN to realize the transmission of multipoint I, image, voice and other information. Each station of the video conference system can be used as the main station and other stations
3. Generally, it's 30. If you take the bus at wankelai or the bus terminal, it's 15-30
4. If you go to Zhengzhou South passenger station, that is, if you want to take a bus to Jiaxian,
you can get 25-30 yuan.
you can get 25-30 yuan.
5. Unknown_Error
6. Yes, many of the cars in Jiaxian are at wankelai south station
7. Hello, if you book and inquire the bus ticket online, you can go to the high-speed rail steward. The success rate of ticket issuing is higher, so that you can travel without worry. You can download the "high speed rail steward app" on your mobile phone, and then click the ticket on the home page - enter the departure station and destination, click search, you can see the departure and arrival time and price of each train, select the train you want to order, and make a reservation.
8. The average time is half an hour. You can buy more tickets at the station and then you can leave. However, you can also take the bus directly to Yu County. There are buses to Zhengzhou everywhere for a few yuan, 20 yuan
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