Friction calculation node
Publish: 2021-05-08 09:02:31
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there will be bitcoin chain and Ethereum chain when choosing the recharge address of the exchange. If you have a good choice, you can contact bitcom online customer service
2. The formula of sliding friction f = UN
where n is the pressure, and N = mg
u is the sliding friction coefficient on the horizontal ground, which is related to the material.
friction
1, friction
(1) definition: when two objects in contact with each other are about to move or have moved relative to each other, they will proce a force on the contact surface to hinder the relative movement, This kind of force is called friction.
(2) the friction between objects must have the following three conditions:
first, the objects contact and squeeze each other
Second, the contact surface is not smooth
Third, there is a relative movement trend or relative movement between objects.
2 Sliding friction force
(1) definition: the friction force generated when an object slides on the surface of another object is called sliding friction force.
(2) the experiment to study the relationship between the size of sliding friction force and which factors: why do we use the spring scale to pull the wood block to do uniform linear motion in the experiment? This is because the spring scale measures the tensile force, not the friction force. When the wood block moves in a straight line at a uniform speed, the horizontal tensile force of the wood block and the friction force of the board against the wood block are a pair of balance forces. According to the condition of the balance of the two forces, the tensile force should be equal to the friction force. Therefore, measuring the tensile force is also measuring the friction force, The greater the pressure is, the greater the sliding friction is; The coarser the contact surface is, the greater the sliding friction is.
(3) the sliding friction is the force that hinders the relative motion of objects in contact with each other, not necessarily the force that hinders the motion of objects, It should be clear that the object in contact with each other is used as the reference to hinder the "relative motion". The "object motion" may use other objects as the reference. For example, in the experiment, when a weight is placed on the wood block and the spring scale is used to pull the wood block to move at a uniform speed in a straight line, The specific situation is: when the wood block is pulled forward from static, the weight will slide backward relative to the wood block, and the wood block will give the weight a friction force to prevent it from sliding backward. The direction of the friction force is forward. Therefore, the weight does not slide relative to the wood block, In this case, the friction is static friction.
(4) the sliding friction has nothing to do with the speed of the motion of the object, and has nothing to do with the size of the contact area between objects.
(5) in order to simplify the practical problems, we often use the "idealized" method, such as one object is placed on the smooth surface of another object, which means that if two objects move relative to each other, the "smooth" method is used, There is no friction between them.
3. Static friction is proced by the interaction of two mutually stationary objects. The direction of static friction can be the same as or opposite to the direction of force.
4, Due to the deformation of two objects in contact, the rolling friction is called rolling friction
where n is the pressure, and N = mg
u is the sliding friction coefficient on the horizontal ground, which is related to the material.
friction
1, friction
(1) definition: when two objects in contact with each other are about to move or have moved relative to each other, they will proce a force on the contact surface to hinder the relative movement, This kind of force is called friction.
(2) the friction between objects must have the following three conditions:
first, the objects contact and squeeze each other
Second, the contact surface is not smooth
Third, there is a relative movement trend or relative movement between objects.
2 Sliding friction force
(1) definition: the friction force generated when an object slides on the surface of another object is called sliding friction force.
(2) the experiment to study the relationship between the size of sliding friction force and which factors: why do we use the spring scale to pull the wood block to do uniform linear motion in the experiment? This is because the spring scale measures the tensile force, not the friction force. When the wood block moves in a straight line at a uniform speed, the horizontal tensile force of the wood block and the friction force of the board against the wood block are a pair of balance forces. According to the condition of the balance of the two forces, the tensile force should be equal to the friction force. Therefore, measuring the tensile force is also measuring the friction force, The greater the pressure is, the greater the sliding friction is; The coarser the contact surface is, the greater the sliding friction is.
(3) the sliding friction is the force that hinders the relative motion of objects in contact with each other, not necessarily the force that hinders the motion of objects, It should be clear that the object in contact with each other is used as the reference to hinder the "relative motion". The "object motion" may use other objects as the reference. For example, in the experiment, when a weight is placed on the wood block and the spring scale is used to pull the wood block to move at a uniform speed in a straight line, The specific situation is: when the wood block is pulled forward from static, the weight will slide backward relative to the wood block, and the wood block will give the weight a friction force to prevent it from sliding backward. The direction of the friction force is forward. Therefore, the weight does not slide relative to the wood block, In this case, the friction is static friction.
(4) the sliding friction has nothing to do with the speed of the motion of the object, and has nothing to do with the size of the contact area between objects.
(5) in order to simplify the practical problems, we often use the "idealized" method, such as one object is placed on the smooth surface of another object, which means that if two objects move relative to each other, the "smooth" method is used, There is no friction between them.
3. Static friction is proced by the interaction of two mutually stationary objects. The direction of static friction can be the same as or opposite to the direction of force.
4, Due to the deformation of two objects in contact, the rolling friction is called rolling friction
3. The calculation method of sliding friction is different from that of static friction. When solving the friction, we must distinguish static friction from sliding friction.
I. calculation of sliding friction
1= μ FN calculation.
(1) according to the force condition of the object, calculate the positive pressure FN.
(2) according to the formula F= μ 2. Two force balance method: the object is in the state of equilibrium (uniform velocity, static positive), according to the two force balance conditions to solve; 2、 Calculation of static friction force
1. Balance condition method is used to solve static friction force. As shown in Fig. 3-3-19, a static object is placed on the horizontal plane. When a person pushes the object with horizontal thrust, the object is still. According to the two force balance condition, the static friction force is equal to the thrust force,
2, The value range of static friction is O & lt; F ≤ Fmax is independent of the positive pressure between objects, so the formula F cannot be used= μ FN solution.
3. Maximum static friction Fmax The value is equal to the external force along the contact surface when the object is just sliding, which is the maximum value of static friction and greater than sliding friction. Generally speaking, they are equal, and the maximum static friction is Fmax.. The formula is Fmax= μ Static FN, μ Static is the static friction coefficient and specific dynamic friction coefficient between objects μ Slightly larger
I. calculation of sliding friction
1= μ FN calculation.
(1) according to the force condition of the object, calculate the positive pressure FN.
(2) according to the formula F= μ 2. Two force balance method: the object is in the state of equilibrium (uniform velocity, static positive), according to the two force balance conditions to solve; 2、 Calculation of static friction force
1. Balance condition method is used to solve static friction force. As shown in Fig. 3-3-19, a static object is placed on the horizontal plane. When a person pushes the object with horizontal thrust, the object is still. According to the two force balance condition, the static friction force is equal to the thrust force,
2, The value range of static friction is O & lt; F ≤ Fmax is independent of the positive pressure between objects, so the formula F cannot be used= μ FN solution.
3. Maximum static friction Fmax The value is equal to the external force along the contact surface when the object is just sliding, which is the maximum value of static friction and greater than sliding friction. Generally speaking, they are equal, and the maximum static friction is Fmax.. The formula is Fmax= μ Static FN, μ Static is the static friction coefficient and specific dynamic friction coefficient between objects μ Slightly larger
4. When calculating the size of friction, we should first judge whether the friction is sliding friction or static friction, and then use the corresponding method to find out.
the formula for calculating the size of sliding friction is f= μ N, where μ Dynamic friction coefficient, also called sliding friction coefficient, is only related to material and roughness of contact surface, but has nothing to do with contact area; N is the positive pressure.
sliding friction: the force that occurs between two objects that contact each other and slide relative to each other, and prevents them from sliding relative to each other.
the direction of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion or the direction of relative motion trend of the object, but not opposite to the direction of motion of the object. Friction can be used as power or resistance
the formula for calculating the size of sliding friction is f= μ N, where μ Dynamic friction coefficient, also called sliding friction coefficient, is only related to material and roughness of contact surface, but has nothing to do with contact area; N is the positive pressure.
sliding friction: the force that occurs between two objects that contact each other and slide relative to each other, and prevents them from sliding relative to each other.
the direction of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion or the direction of relative motion trend of the object, but not opposite to the direction of motion of the object. Friction can be used as power or resistance
5. When calculating the size of friction, we should first judge whether the friction is sliding friction or static friction. And then it is solved by the corresponding method
the calculation formula of sliding friction is f
= μ N
, where μ Dynamic friction coefficient, also called sliding friction coefficient, is only related to material and roughness of contact surface, but has nothing to do with contact area; N is the positive pressure
sliding friction: the force that occurs between two objects that contact each other and slide relatively, and prevents them from sliding relatively
the direction of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion or the trend of relative motion. Instead of moving in the opposite direction of the object. Friction can be used as power or resistance.
the calculation formula of sliding friction is f
= μ N
, where μ Dynamic friction coefficient, also called sliding friction coefficient, is only related to material and roughness of contact surface, but has nothing to do with contact area; N is the positive pressure
sliding friction: the force that occurs between two objects that contact each other and slide relatively, and prevents them from sliding relatively
the direction of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion or the trend of relative motion. Instead of moving in the opposite direction of the object. Friction can be used as power or resistance.
6. To speculate in stocks, we must understand the basic knowledge of stock speculation. And understand the application of some basic skills and stock theory, so that you can say that you will be able to speculate in stocks. You can check the articles on stock knowledge in Gongzhong number chenghuiyang, especially pay attention to the free classroom. It is very important to immerse yourself in the atmosphere of a professional team. According to incomplete statistics, 95% of the losses are new investors. This article can teach you how to get started quickly
according to statistics, 95% of novices lose money in the end. Instead of paying tuition, it's better to learn skill theory and tactics early
to learn stock knowledge, we must first learn the basic knowledge of stock. We can first understand the basic concepts of stock, stock types, stock dividends and stock terms. These are the basis of later study. We must understand the concept clearly. If we don't understand clearly, we can master it by reading these articles more
Part I: basic concepts of stock speculation
1. Stock concept stock is the abbreviation of stock certificate, which is a kind of securities issued by a joint-stock company to shareholders for raising funds as a certificate of holding shares to obtain dividends and dividends. Each share represents the ownership of a basic unit of the enterprise. Stock is a part of the capital of a joint-stock company. It can be transferred, traded or mortgaged. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market< Stock characteristics stock investment is a kind of long-term investment without term. Once the stock is bought, as long as the stock issuing company exists, no stock holder can withdraw the stock, that is, he can not ask the stock issuing company to withdraw the principal. Similarly, the shareholder's identity and shareholder's rights and interests can not be changed, but he can sell the shares through the stock exchange market and transfer the shares to other investors to recover his original investment< (1) after the listing of stocks, the listed companies become the investment objects of the investing public, so it is easy to absorb the savings of the investing public and expand the sources of financing
(2) after the listing of shares, the equity of listed companies is dispersed in the hands of thousands of investors of different sizes. This kind of equity decentralization can effectively avoid the risk of the company being dominated by minority shareholders, and give the company greater freedom of operation
4. The face value of a stock is the face value indicated on the face value of the stock issued by a joint-stock company. It is in yuan / share and its function is to indicate the amount of capital contained in each stock. In China, the face value of the stock in circulation in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges is one yuan, that is, one yuan per share
one of the functions of the face value of a stock is to indicate the proportion of the investors in the investment of the stock company, which is the basis for determining the rights of shareholders. If the total share capital of a listed company is 1000000 yuan, holding one share means 1 / 1000000 shares in the company. The second function is to use the face value of the stock as a basis for pricing when the stock is issued for the first time. Generally speaking, the issue price of a stock is higher than its face value. When the stock enters the circulation market, the face value of the stock has nothing to do with the price of the stock. The stock price is as high as investors like
5. The net value of a stock is also called book value, also known as net assets per share, which is the net assets per share calculated by the method of accounting statistics. The calculation method is to divide the company's net assets (including registered capital, various provident funds, accumulated earnings, etc., excluding debts) by the total share capital to get the net value of each share. The higher the book value of a joint-stock company, the more assets the shareholders actually own. Because the book value is the result of financial statistics and calculation, the data is more accurate and highly reliable, so it is one of the important basis for stock investors to evaluate and analyze the strength of listed companies. Shareholders should pay attention to this data of listed companies
6. When a stock is listed and issued, the listed company, from the perspective of the company's own interests and ensuring the success of the stock listing, issues the listed stock at a reasonable price instead of the face value. This price is called the issue price of the stock
7. The market price of a stock refers to the transaction price reached by both parties in the process of stock trading, which is usually referred to as the market price. The market price of the stock directly reflects the stock market and is the basis for the investors to buy the stock. Due to the influence of many factors, the market price of the stock is in constant change. The stock price is the concentrated embodiment of the value of the stock market, so this price is also known as the stock market
8. Stock liquidation price the liquidation price of a stock refers to the actual value represented by each share in the event of liquidation after the bankruptcy or bankruptcy of a joint stock company. Theoretically speaking, the liquidation price per share of a stock should be consistent with the book value of the stock. However, when an enterprise goes bankrupt and liquidates, its property value is calculated based on the actual sale price, while when it disposes of property, its sale price is generally lower than the actual value. Therefore, the liquidation price of the stock will not be consistent with the net value of the stock. The liquidation price of the stock is only used as the basis for determining the stock price when the stock company loses its legal personality e to bankruptcy or other reasons, which is meaningless in the process of stock issuance and circulation
Part 2: basic theory and skills of stock speculation:
the introction of stock speculation tells us some basic skills of stock speculation. Since it is stock speculation, we have to pay attention to some methods. The introction of stock speculation here is a kind of ultra short-term stock speculation skills based on the arbitrage customer's "event driven arbitrage" theory
principle: use events to drive the stock price up, obtain excess returns, and use short-term holding to control risks
features: holding shares for a short period of time, at the same time, it can win the market and obtain excess returns<
Introction knowledge of stock speculation, arbitrage theory of introction knowledge of stock speculation
1 event driven theory
the event driven theory of introction knowledge of stock speculation means that an event or a sudden news drives the abnormal fluctuation of A-share price, which brings investment opportunities. According to the event driven theory, the event driven investment strategy is mainly to excavate and deeply analyze the events that may cause the abnormal fluctuation of the stock price in advance, and to fully grasp the trading opportunity to obtain the excess return on investment
2 the theory of foresight
the theory of foresight refers to the understanding of the development of things earlier than ordinary people. Of course, in the stock market, it's impossible to be aware of everything, just a small part. There is an old saying: if you know three days, you will be rich for a thousand years
in fact, the "prophet" of events is not as difficult as people think. As long as you are a conscientious person, you can do it. Here is a case to illustrate how to do a little
3 tail trading theory
the tail trading theory of introctory knowledge of stock speculation, as the name suggests, is to use the tail trading, which is a trading strategy under the T + 1 system
under the T + 1 system, if you buy within one minute before the closing, you can control the volatility risk to zero
the third part: the operation steps of the basic knowledge of stock speculation
looking for the "prophet" event
first, on the website of the Ministry of land and resources "News & gt; Find the news "announcement on shale gas exploration right bidding of the Ministry of land and resources" on September 10, 2012 under "important news broadcast"
the time to determine the "prophet"
on the website of the Ministry of land and resources "government affairs open & gt; Notice notice "can be found in item 12 of" shale gas exploration right bidding notice of the Ministry of land and resources "issued on September 10, 2012, which has been determined to be opened at 9:30 a.m. on October 25, 2012.
in this way, we can know that there will be a shale gas bid opening meeting on October 25, so as to achieve" foresight "
screening target stocks
naturally, it is launched around listed companies with shale gas, This is the news on July 24, 2012: "major shareholders of Valin Iron and steel participated in the construction of shale gas development platform"
Introction to stock speculation
buy transaction
although using simulated trading account, they still put risk control first, so they adopted the "tail trading method"
sell transaction
to track the event, and there was no notice of change, so the event will be fulfilled as scheled. Usually, such a big event will drive the stock price up, forming an arbitrage opportunity
Introction to stock speculation
precautions
one minute on the market and ten years off the market. The driving force of stock price is a comprehensive judgment, which needs tracking, statistics and continuous accumulation
if the event has little or no driving force for today's stock price, it can be found by observing some references before the opening, so it can leave the market in time to avoid risks ring the opening bidding, so as to control risks through holding shares for a very short time
the best strategy is to catch up with the rising price and cover up the price. Trading system is complex, each step can be experience, the use of simulation trading repeated training, can experience the mystery
Huiyang world warm tips: the stock market is risky, operation should be cautious
according to statistics, 95% of novices lose money in the end. Instead of paying tuition, it's better to learn skill theory and tactics early
to learn stock knowledge, we must first learn the basic knowledge of stock. We can first understand the basic concepts of stock, stock types, stock dividends and stock terms. These are the basis of later study. We must understand the concept clearly. If we don't understand clearly, we can master it by reading these articles more
Part I: basic concepts of stock speculation
1. Stock concept stock is the abbreviation of stock certificate, which is a kind of securities issued by a joint-stock company to shareholders for raising funds as a certificate of holding shares to obtain dividends and dividends. Each share represents the ownership of a basic unit of the enterprise. Stock is a part of the capital of a joint-stock company. It can be transferred, traded or mortgaged. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market< Stock characteristics stock investment is a kind of long-term investment without term. Once the stock is bought, as long as the stock issuing company exists, no stock holder can withdraw the stock, that is, he can not ask the stock issuing company to withdraw the principal. Similarly, the shareholder's identity and shareholder's rights and interests can not be changed, but he can sell the shares through the stock exchange market and transfer the shares to other investors to recover his original investment< (1) after the listing of stocks, the listed companies become the investment objects of the investing public, so it is easy to absorb the savings of the investing public and expand the sources of financing
(2) after the listing of shares, the equity of listed companies is dispersed in the hands of thousands of investors of different sizes. This kind of equity decentralization can effectively avoid the risk of the company being dominated by minority shareholders, and give the company greater freedom of operation
4. The face value of a stock is the face value indicated on the face value of the stock issued by a joint-stock company. It is in yuan / share and its function is to indicate the amount of capital contained in each stock. In China, the face value of the stock in circulation in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges is one yuan, that is, one yuan per share
one of the functions of the face value of a stock is to indicate the proportion of the investors in the investment of the stock company, which is the basis for determining the rights of shareholders. If the total share capital of a listed company is 1000000 yuan, holding one share means 1 / 1000000 shares in the company. The second function is to use the face value of the stock as a basis for pricing when the stock is issued for the first time. Generally speaking, the issue price of a stock is higher than its face value. When the stock enters the circulation market, the face value of the stock has nothing to do with the price of the stock. The stock price is as high as investors like
5. The net value of a stock is also called book value, also known as net assets per share, which is the net assets per share calculated by the method of accounting statistics. The calculation method is to divide the company's net assets (including registered capital, various provident funds, accumulated earnings, etc., excluding debts) by the total share capital to get the net value of each share. The higher the book value of a joint-stock company, the more assets the shareholders actually own. Because the book value is the result of financial statistics and calculation, the data is more accurate and highly reliable, so it is one of the important basis for stock investors to evaluate and analyze the strength of listed companies. Shareholders should pay attention to this data of listed companies
6. When a stock is listed and issued, the listed company, from the perspective of the company's own interests and ensuring the success of the stock listing, issues the listed stock at a reasonable price instead of the face value. This price is called the issue price of the stock
7. The market price of a stock refers to the transaction price reached by both parties in the process of stock trading, which is usually referred to as the market price. The market price of the stock directly reflects the stock market and is the basis for the investors to buy the stock. Due to the influence of many factors, the market price of the stock is in constant change. The stock price is the concentrated embodiment of the value of the stock market, so this price is also known as the stock market
8. Stock liquidation price the liquidation price of a stock refers to the actual value represented by each share in the event of liquidation after the bankruptcy or bankruptcy of a joint stock company. Theoretically speaking, the liquidation price per share of a stock should be consistent with the book value of the stock. However, when an enterprise goes bankrupt and liquidates, its property value is calculated based on the actual sale price, while when it disposes of property, its sale price is generally lower than the actual value. Therefore, the liquidation price of the stock will not be consistent with the net value of the stock. The liquidation price of the stock is only used as the basis for determining the stock price when the stock company loses its legal personality e to bankruptcy or other reasons, which is meaningless in the process of stock issuance and circulation
Part 2: basic theory and skills of stock speculation:
the introction of stock speculation tells us some basic skills of stock speculation. Since it is stock speculation, we have to pay attention to some methods. The introction of stock speculation here is a kind of ultra short-term stock speculation skills based on the arbitrage customer's "event driven arbitrage" theory
principle: use events to drive the stock price up, obtain excess returns, and use short-term holding to control risks
features: holding shares for a short period of time, at the same time, it can win the market and obtain excess returns<
Introction knowledge of stock speculation, arbitrage theory of introction knowledge of stock speculation
1 event driven theory
the event driven theory of introction knowledge of stock speculation means that an event or a sudden news drives the abnormal fluctuation of A-share price, which brings investment opportunities. According to the event driven theory, the event driven investment strategy is mainly to excavate and deeply analyze the events that may cause the abnormal fluctuation of the stock price in advance, and to fully grasp the trading opportunity to obtain the excess return on investment
2 the theory of foresight
the theory of foresight refers to the understanding of the development of things earlier than ordinary people. Of course, in the stock market, it's impossible to be aware of everything, just a small part. There is an old saying: if you know three days, you will be rich for a thousand years
in fact, the "prophet" of events is not as difficult as people think. As long as you are a conscientious person, you can do it. Here is a case to illustrate how to do a little
3 tail trading theory
the tail trading theory of introctory knowledge of stock speculation, as the name suggests, is to use the tail trading, which is a trading strategy under the T + 1 system
under the T + 1 system, if you buy within one minute before the closing, you can control the volatility risk to zero
the third part: the operation steps of the basic knowledge of stock speculation
looking for the "prophet" event
first, on the website of the Ministry of land and resources "News & gt; Find the news "announcement on shale gas exploration right bidding of the Ministry of land and resources" on September 10, 2012 under "important news broadcast"
the time to determine the "prophet"
on the website of the Ministry of land and resources "government affairs open & gt; Notice notice "can be found in item 12 of" shale gas exploration right bidding notice of the Ministry of land and resources "issued on September 10, 2012, which has been determined to be opened at 9:30 a.m. on October 25, 2012.
in this way, we can know that there will be a shale gas bid opening meeting on October 25, so as to achieve" foresight "
screening target stocks
naturally, it is launched around listed companies with shale gas, This is the news on July 24, 2012: "major shareholders of Valin Iron and steel participated in the construction of shale gas development platform"
Introction to stock speculation
buy transaction
although using simulated trading account, they still put risk control first, so they adopted the "tail trading method"
sell transaction
to track the event, and there was no notice of change, so the event will be fulfilled as scheled. Usually, such a big event will drive the stock price up, forming an arbitrage opportunity
Introction to stock speculation
precautions
one minute on the market and ten years off the market. The driving force of stock price is a comprehensive judgment, which needs tracking, statistics and continuous accumulation
if the event has little or no driving force for today's stock price, it can be found by observing some references before the opening, so it can leave the market in time to avoid risks ring the opening bidding, so as to control risks through holding shares for a very short time
the best strategy is to catch up with the rising price and cover up the price. Trading system is complex, each step can be experience, the use of simulation trading repeated training, can experience the mystery
Huiyang world warm tips: the stock market is risky, operation should be cautious
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