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The emergence of ADA indicates that software engineering has successfully entered the national and international scale. In a certain sense, ADA broke through the shackles of "von Newman mind set" and, together with Ada's supporting environment (apse), formed the so-called ADA culture of a new school. It is the most complex and complete software tool so far. ADA is the only language designated by the U.S. Department of defense for military system development. Our military also takes ADA as the military development standard (GJB 1383 "programming language ADA")< The reason why the U.S. Department of defense named this language ADA is in memory of Augusta ADA lovlace (1815-1852), the daughter of the English poet Lord Byron, He has collated and revised the notes and manuscripts of Charles babage, the father of modern computer technology. In a sense, she is the first computer programmer in the world< Before we can understand this problem, we need to understand a series of features of ADA. The original design of ADA is a large-scale language, so many important programming issues are considered. The following text is extracted from the ADA Reference Manual:
when ADA was originally designed, it focused on three most important issues: the stability and maintainability of the program, the program design is close to human behavior, and efficient. This revision of the language is designed to provide greater flexibility and scalability, additional control and synchronization of storage management, and standardized packages to support critical application areas while retaining the original focus: stability, maintainability, and efficiency. The need for programming languages to promote reliability and simplify maintenance difficulty has been established. So program readability is more important than writing code easily. For example, language rules require program variables to be explicitly declared and their types specified. Since the data type of a variable is invariant, the compiler can ensure that the operation on the variable applies to objects of that type. In addition, symbols with error tendency have been avoided, and language grammar has avoided the use of coding forms, which makes it more inclined to English structure. Finally, Ada language provides the function of compiling program units separately, which makes the program development and maintenance easy. It also provides the detection of multiple units in a unit. Thinking about human programmers is also emphasized in design. In a word, while continuing to avoid the defects of too many complex sentence patterns, we try to keep relatively few underlying concepts in a consistent and systematic way< The Ada language was first designed for embedded and real-time systems, and is still widely used today. Ada95, by Tucker of intermetr ICs. Taft designed it in 1992-95, when he mainly wanted to improve the support for system, digital and financial software programming
the important characteristics of Ada language are its embedded style, molar design, compilation checking, parallel processing, exception handling and generic programming. ADA joined the support of object-oriented design in 1995, including dynamic allocation and so on
ADA's compilation check is mainly aimed at the protection of unallocated memory read-write, stack overflow error, single error idle, queue read-write error and other avoidable minor problems. These checks can be canceled to increase efficiency, but they can bring high efficiency at compile time. It also includes strict settings for the program. For these reasons, it is widely used in some very important systems, such as avionics, weapons and spacecraft operating systems. It also supports many compile time checks, which are used to avoid errors. This kind of error can't be detected before running in other languages, and it needs to add special checking settings in the source code to be detected
ADA's dynamic memory management is very secure and high standard, which is similar to Java language but different from C language. This special function does not require special operation settings. Although the semantic structure of this language allows automatic fragment collection for unreadable objects, most runs do not support it. ADA supports a limited form of area based storage management. Invalid reads and writes are often detected at run time (unless the detection is turned off artificially) and sometimes at compile time
the definition of Ada language is very different from that of the international organization for Standardization (ISO) because it is a free content form. The consequence of this approach is that most programmers can only look for detailed technical problems from its standardized documents (generally considered as ADA's reference manual (ARM)), but generally a standard textbook can be used in different languages. Ada language is defined by strict bast paradigm, but it is not suitable for ordinary people to read. It is the first language to have IEC / ISO / US military standard certification at the same time, In order to ensure that the same code can proce the same executable effect on any compiler, and ensure that the parallelism can run at the code level without operating system.
Ada language was originally designed to build a long-term, highly reliable software system. It provides a series of functions to define the package of related data type, object and operation. Packages can be parameterized and data types can be extended to support the construction of reusable libraries. The operation can be realized by using the convenient sequential control structure, through the subprogram, or through the entry containing concurrent thread synchronization control
ADA also supports separate compilation and molarity on the physical layer. ADA includes complex functions to support real-time and concurrent programming. Errors can be marked as exceptions and can be handled explicitly
ADA also covers system programming; This requires precise control of data representation and system feature access. Finally, a predefined standard package is provided, including input and output, string processing, basic functions of numerical calculation and random number generation