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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a rescue measure for cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest, that is, to use cardiac compression or other methods to form a temporary artificial circulation and restore the heart's spontaneous beat and blood circulation, to use artificial respiration instead of spontaneous breathing and restore spontaneous breathing, so as to achieve the purpose of recovery and saving lives
< UL >Step 1: judge consciousness and call for help loudly
Step 2: remove foreign body in mouth
Step 3: open airway
Step 4: judge breathing
Step 5: artificial respiration
Step 6: judge pulse
step 7: cardiac compression
Step 3: judge consciousness and call for help
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a kind of first aid technique which combines artificial respiration and extracardiac massage when the breathing is terminated and the heart is stopped. It is necessary to understand the heart and the importance of respiration and blood circulation to human function. The heart is divided into left and right atriums and left and right ventricles. The right atrium inhales the blood containing carbon dioxide from the superior and inferior vena cava, which is then pressed out from the right ventricle and sent to the alveoli through the pulmonary artery. After dialysis, the oxygenated blood is sent to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, and then to the left ventricle, which is then pressed out from the left ventricle and transported to the whole body through the main artery to maintain the heart function
once cardiac arrest occurs, if it can not be rescued immediately, it will cause irreversible damage to the patient's brain and other important organs and tissues after 4-6 minutes. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest must be carried out immediately on site
Cardiac arrest (CA) refers to sudden cardiac arrest caused by various reasons and in unexpected circumstances and time, which leads to sudden stop of effective cardiac pump function and effective circulation, causing severe ischemia, hypoxia and metabolic disorders of tissues and cells in the whole body. If it is not rescued in time, it can immediately lose life. Cardiac arrest is different from cardiac arrest at the end of any chronic disease. If correct and effective resuscitation measures are taken in time, the patient may be saved and recovered In the event of cardiac arrest, if the patients can not be rescued immediately, the brain and other important organs of human body will be irreversibly damaged after 4-6 minutes. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest must be carried out immediately, In order to further rescue and save the lives of patients with cardiac arrest and win the most valuable timethe "international cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines", which are updated every five years by the American Heart Association (AHA) and other resuscitation societies in western developed countries, are of great positive significance in guiding and standardizing cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide
extended data
criteria for successful CPR. For medical staff, the following effective indicators of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the criteria for termination of rescue should be followed
effective indicators of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(1) carotid artery pulse: when the compression is effective, the carotid artery pulse can be touched every time. If the compression is stopped and the pulse disappears, the external chest compression should be continued. If the pulse still exists after the compression is stopped, the patient's heart beat has recovered
(2) complexion (LIP): when the resuscitation is effective, the complexion changes from cyanosis to ruddy. If it turns to gray, it means that the resuscitation is ineffective
(3) others: when the resuscitation is effective, spontaneous breathing, or pupil from large to small with light reflex, even eye movement and limb twitch may occur
criteria for termination of resuscitation
CPR on site should be carried out continuously, and the decision to stop resuscitation should not be made easily. If the following conditions are met, resuscitation can be terminated by on-site rescue personnel:
< P > (1) the patient's respiration and circulation have been effectively restored(2) without heart beat and spontaneous breathing, CPR lasted more than 30 minutes at room temperature, and EMS personnel arrived at the scene to confirm that the patient was dead
(3) EMS personnel took over the rescue or other personnel took over the rescue
CPR generally refers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Once cardiac arrest occurs, if it can not be rescued immediately, the success rate of resuscitation is very low after 4-6 minutes. Even if cardiopulmonary resuscitation is successful, it will cause irreversible damage to the brain and other important organs and tissues of the human body. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest must be carried out immediately on site
it is not difficult to identify cardiac arrest. The most reliable and early clinical signs are sudden loss of consciousness and disappearance of arterial pulsation. Generally, tap the patient's shoulder and shout to judge whether consciousness exists. Touch the carotid artery with the index finger and middle finger to feel whether there is pulsation. If both do not exist, the diagnosis of cardiac arrest can be made
the importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, identify cardiac arrest immediately and start emergency response system; CPR should be carried out as early as possible with emphasis on chest compression; Rapid defibrillation; Effective advanced life support; It can be treated after comprehensive cardiac arrest
extended data:
ring cardiac arrest, although the heart has lost the effective pumping function, it is not the complete stop of ECG and cardiac activity. According to the characteristics of ECG and cardiac activity, cardiac arrest can be divided into the following three types:
1, ventricular fibrillation: rapid and extremely irregular, uncoordinated continuous ventricular fibrillation. ECG showed disappearance of QRS complex, replaced by irregular continuous ventricular fibrillation, with a frequency of 200-500 beats / min. this kind of cardiac arrest is the most common type, accounting for about 80% (Fig. 2). If ventricular fibrillation can be defibrillated immediately, the success rate of resuscitation is higher
2, ventricular static: ventricular muscle completely lost systolic activity, was static. ECG showed a straight line or only atrial wave, which usually appeared after a period of cardiac arrest (such as 3-5 minutes)
3, ECG mechanical separation: this situation is slow and ineffective ventricular autonomic rhythm. The ventricular muscle may intermittently appear slow and very weak incomplete contraction. ECG showed intermittent and graally widened QRS complex, the frequency was mostly below 20-30 beats / min. Because the heart has no effective pumping function, auscultation has no heart sound, and the peripheral arteries can not touch the pulse. This type is usually the result of severe myocardial injury, and ends up with ventricular quiescence and difficult resuscitation
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