Communication to the center
Publish: 2021-05-09 13:23:13
1. There are many kinds of peer-to-peer communication network, generally in the communication instry, we pay more attention to the media stream peer-to-peer communication. Control is still centralized. Such as the relationship between SIP protocol and RTP
if blockchain technology is decentralized, it means that there is no central server responsible for unified management
point to point encryption is mainly the exchange of secret keys. It's hard for this technology to be absolutely safe. In the future, peer-to-peer encryption will create a more private communication mode for us
finally, security is relative and costly. The more secure, the more complex.
if blockchain technology is decentralized, it means that there is no central server responsible for unified management
point to point encryption is mainly the exchange of secret keys. It's hard for this technology to be absolutely safe. In the future, peer-to-peer encryption will create a more private communication mode for us
finally, security is relative and costly. The more secure, the more complex.
2.
The method to close the communication center in CAD is as follows:
1 click the black inverted triangle in the lower right corner of the screen
3. There are two steps
one. Find the program cmcontrol.exe from support -- cadmanagercontrol -- in the installation disk
1. Run cmcontrol.exe
2. Close the communication center and online help center
click apply, and then click OK
2. Open IE
1. Select Tools Internet Options.
2. In the Internet Properties dialog box, click the Advanced tab.
3. Remove the hook in front of "check publisher's certificate revocation"
Step 1: open the registry and modify the_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Autodesk\ AutoCAD\ R17.1\ ACAD-6001:804\ Applications\ Adinfocenter]
double click & quot; LOADCTRLS" Change the value to 00000010
Step 2: change HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Autodesk\ AutoCAD\ R17.1\ ACAD-6001:804\ Applications\ Infocenteracconn]
double click & quot; LOADCTRLS"， Change the value to 00000010
one. Find the program cmcontrol.exe from support -- cadmanagercontrol -- in the installation disk
1. Run cmcontrol.exe
2. Close the communication center and online help center
click apply, and then click OK
2. Open IE
1. Select Tools Internet Options.
2. In the Internet Properties dialog box, click the Advanced tab.
3. Remove the hook in front of "check publisher's certificate revocation"
Step 1: open the registry and modify the_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Autodesk\ AutoCAD\ R17.1\ ACAD-6001:804\ Applications\ Adinfocenter]
double click & quot; LOADCTRLS" Change the value to 00000010
Step 2: change HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Autodesk\ AutoCAD\ R17.1\ ACAD-6001:804\ Applications\ Infocenteracconn]
double click & quot; LOADCTRLS"， Change the value to 00000010
4. How to close the communication center in 2007:
1. Click the communication center icon and click settings in the pop-up dialog box
2. Pop up the configuration settings dialog box, and click to check the triangle on the right under the new content item. In the pop-up list, select when needed. You can close it
how to close the communication center in 2010 version:
1. Click the "Information Center" icon on the right side of the title bar (the appearance of the radar is between the key and the star)
2. On the title bar of the pop-up "communication center" window, click information center settings (left side of the close button)
3. In the "communication center" option of the pop-up "Information Center settings" window, remove the check in front of the selected item.
1. Click the communication center icon and click settings in the pop-up dialog box
2. Pop up the configuration settings dialog box, and click to check the triangle on the right under the new content item. In the pop-up list, select when needed. You can close it
how to close the communication center in 2010 version:
1. Click the "Information Center" icon on the right side of the title bar (the appearance of the radar is between the key and the star)
2. On the title bar of the pop-up "communication center" window, click information center settings (left side of the close button)
3. In the "communication center" option of the pop-up "Information Center settings" window, remove the check in front of the selected item.
5. Work hard for two years, and then hang up a micro batch. Well, go to the overseas exchange to exchange and buy a bitcoin, which can be converted into a real one, but it's useless
6.
1. Efficiency is different: the efficiency of decentralized network is higher than that of centralized network, but conversely, the security of centralized network is higher. On the whole, centralized network is suitable for high security applications
2. Different characteristics: centralized network means that each time two client computers communicate with each other through the server. The decentralized network is the initial need to go through the server, later communication does not need the server
3. Different costs: the characteristics of collective maintenance of blockchain can rece a lot of costs. The centralized network involves the maintenance, confidentiality, operation and so on of many systems, which must require a lot of human, financial and material resources. These things do not exist for the decentralization of blockchain, so they can save a lot of costs
extended materials:
precautions:
in the aspect of blockchain governance, an interesting trend recently is the re emergence of online virtual currency holder voting as a multi-purpose decision-making mechanism. Sometimes the vote of the coin holder is used to decide who runs the super node of the network (e.g. dpos in EOS, Neo, lisk and other systems), sometimes the protocol parameters are voted (e.g. the upper limit of Ethereum fuel supply), and sometimes the vote and direct application of approval (e.g. tezos) protocol upgrade are also concted
in all these cases, voting is automatic, and the protocol itself contains all the logic needed to change the verifier set or update its own rules, and automatically responds to the voting results
7. Hello
you don't need to bring any symptoms. You should go to the outpatient department of the hospital 3-7 days after your menstruation is clean. It's better to be accompanied by your family
good health!
you don't need to bring any symptoms. You should go to the outpatient department of the hospital 3-7 days after your menstruation is clean. It's better to be accompanied by your family
good health!
8. Similar to electronic gastroscope, laparoscope is a kind of medical device with micro camera. Laparoscopic surgery is the operation using laparoscope and related instruments
there are five basic systems: laparoscopic video monitoring system, CO2 pneumoperitoneum system, electric cutting system, flushing suction system, surgical instruments, etc. As shown in Figure 1< The system consists of laparoscope, light source and light path, micro camera, camera converter, monitor (TV), automatic cold light source and video recorder. Laparos is commonly used in 0 ° And 30 ° Perspective. All kinds of instruments with diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm and 2.5 mm. As shown in Figure 2< The CO2 pneumoperitoneum system is composed of a spring pneumoperitoneum needle, an inflation catheter, a pneumoperitoneum machine and a CO2 cylinder. Its purpose is to provide a wide space and vision for surgery
the intra-abdominal pressure of 12-15mmhg and automatic pneumoperitoneum machine required for scheled operation< 3. Irrigation absorption system consists of two parts:
1) irrigation: it can observe and protect tissues, prevent adhesion, stop bleeding and repair tissues
2) attraction: the catheter effect is used for attraction, and sometimes a filter is used
4. Surgical instrument system
basic instruments for cholecystectomy: 2 10 mm trocar, 2 5 mm trocar, 1 10 mm instrument converter, 2 non-invasive grasping forceps, 1 curved dissecting forceps, 1 pneumoperitoneum needle, 1 scissors, 1 titanium clamp, 1 irrigation suction tube, 1 electrocoagulation separation shovel and 1 separation hook
special instruments: cholangiography tube, needle holding forceps, suture needle and snare device for ligation, taking net, etc< Operation
1) general surgery: cholecystectomy, fenestration and drainage of liver cyst, lysis of intestinal adhesion, splenectomy, hernia repair, gastrointestinal surgery
2) urology: renal cyst fenestration, adrenal tumor resection
3) obstetrics and gynecology: ectopic pregnancy resection, hysteromyoma, total hysterectomy
4) thoracic surgery: pulmonary bullae resection, spontaneous hemopneumothorax hemostasis
2. Diagnosis
1) direct vision biopsy, biopsy and ultrasound localization
2) unexplained chronic abdominal pain
3) the qualitative and staging of abdominal tumors
4) differential diagnosis of liver disease and ascites
5) lymph node biopsy
6) when it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis by non-invasive examination< Methods of laparoscopic operation
1. Artificial pneumoperitoneum
cut the skin 1cm at the lower edge of the umbilicus wheel, insert the pneumoperitoneum needle at 45 degrees from the incision, and connect a needle tube after no blood is drawn back. If the normal saline flows into the abdomen smoothly, the puncture is successful and the needle is in the abdominal cavity. Connected to CO2 aerator, the air inlet speed should not exceed 1L / min, and the total amount should be 2-3l. The intra-abdominal pressure was less than 2.13kpa (16mmhg)
2. Trocar puncture
laparos needs to be inserted into the abdominal cavity from the trocar, and the trocar should be inserted into the abdominal cavity first. The incision should be 1.5cm. Lift the abdominal wall under the umbilicus, and insert the trocar into the abdominal cavity obliquely and vertically. When entering the abdominal cavity, there is a sense of breakthrough. Pull out the trocar core. After hearing the sound of gas rushing out of the abdominal cavity, insert the laparoscope, connect the light source, adjust the patient's position to 15 degrees of head low and hip high, and continue to inflate slowly
3. Laparoscopic observation
the operator holds a laparoscope and observes the uterus and ligaments, ovaries and fallopian tubes, recto uterine pits with an eyepiece. During observation, the assistant can move the uterine device to change the position of the uterus to cooperate with the examination. If necessary, suspicious lesions may be taken for pathological examination< Take out the laparoscope
if there is no internal bleeding and organ damage, take out the laparoscope, remove the cannula after exhausting the intraperitoneal gas, suture the abdominal incision, cover it with sterile gauze and fix it with adhesive tape
post treatment of laparoscopic examination
1. Antibiotics were given to prevent infection
2. Although the air has been exhausted before suturing the abdominal incision, there may still be resial gas in the abdominal cavity, resulting in shoulder pain and upper abdominal discomfort, which is usually not serious and does not need special treatment
points for attention after laparoscopic surgery
ring laparoscopic surgery, attention should be paid to consolidate the surgical effect and recover physical strength as soon as possible, and the following points should be achieved:
1. Within 6 hours after surgery, the pillow should be removed and supine position should be adopted, with head side to side, to prevent vomit from being inhaled into the trachea
2. Although most patients have no pain after operation, don't neglect to massage the patient's waist and legs. Turn over once every half an hour to promote blood circulation and prevent bedsore
3. Pull out the catheter after the fluid infusion, and encourage the patients to get out of bed
4. Patients can be given a small amount of liquid diet 6 hours after operation, such as thin rice soup, noodle soup, etc. Do not give patients sweet milk, soybean milk powder and other sugary drinks
5. The incision of laparoscopic surgery is only 1 cm, so the abdominal dressing can be removed after a week, and the shower can be taken, and then the normal activities can be graally restored. Before a week or to pay attention to appropriate, light activities, so that the body recover as soon as possible< The advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery
1. Characteristics
1) multi angle "inspection", the effect is intuitive
laparos can check from different angles and directions without affecting abdominal organs, and even can see some deep positions, so as to achieve the effect of visual inspection, without missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis
2) fast recovery
the operation is carried out in the closed basin and abdominal cavity, the interference of internal environment is very small, the trauma of patients is far less than that of open surgery, and the patients recover quickly after operation without complications and sequelae
3) short hospital stay
the operation is operated by a professional doctor, the treatment can be completed in a short time, without affecting the normal physiological function, and the normal life and work can be restored after the operation
4) abdominal cosmetic effect is good
conventional knife surgery will leave a very ugly scar on the body, but abdominal surgery does not have this problem, women can do this operation without worry
5) less pelvic adhesion
minimally invasive technique, no need for surgery, less interference to pelvic cavity, no gauze and hand tissue contact, few or no sutures. The pelvic cavity was fully flushed ring the operation, so the pelvic adhesion of patients after endoscopic surgery was far less than that of open surgery< Compared with traditional surgery, laparoscopic surgery has the following advantages: 1) it has less disturbance to abdominal viscera and avoids the stimulation and pollution of air and airborne st bacteria to abdominal cavity. During the operation, electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation were mainly used. The blood vessels were coagulated first and then broken. The hemostasis was complete and the bleeding was very little. Before the end of the operation, the abdominal cavity was washed thoroughly and kept clean. Therefore, the postoperative intestinal function can be recovered quickly, the patients can eat earlier, and the postoperative intestinal adhesion can be greatly reced
2) laparoscopic surgery is the representative of real minimally invasive surgery, which can greatly rece the trauma, ease the operation process and postoperative recovery, and rece the pain
3) get out of bed early after operation, sleep posture is relatively casual, greatly recing the intensity of family accompany nursing
4) the puncture holes in the abdominal wall were small (3-10 mm), scattered and hidden, and did not affect the appearance after healing
5) general anesthesia is generally used with complete monitoring and greatly increased safety
6) the infection of puncture is much less than that of traditional incision
7) the abdominal wall puncture replaces the abdominal wall incision, which avoids the injury of abdominal wall muscle, blood vessels and corresponding nerves. The postoperative abdominal wall weakness and abdominal wall incisional hernia will not occur, the motor function will not be affected because of abdominal wall muscle scarring, and the corresponding skin numbness will not be caused by abdominal wall nerve transection
3. Disadvantages
1) laparoscopic equipment is expensive and the operation is complex. Retraining of laparoscopic surgery is needed, and there are technical requirements for surgeons
2) it is difficult to estimate the operation time before operation, and it is necessary to change to open operation in special circumstances
3) the risk of laparoscopic surgery is increased under special circumstances [1]
common faults and maintenance measures
1. Pneumoperitoneum system faults and maintenance measures
1) pressure display error: if there are multiple sensors in a group working at the same time, as long as one sensor is contaminated or aging, the whole group of sensors should be replaced
2) flow display error: if the flow sensor is damaged, it should be replaced. If it is calculated by differential pressure, the differential pressure sensor needs to be replaced
3) pneumoperitoneum leakage: the cause may be that the carbon dioxide cylinder is empty or the gas valve leaks, so it should be replaced. In case of loose fixation line of Hasson casing, the suture should be tightened or re sutured
2. Imaging system fault and maintenance measures
1) image interference: usually when using high-frequency equipment, interference lines are easy to appear, so it is necessary to check the connectivity between camera and shield line. If the camera is not firmly connected, it should be re welded; If the wire is aged, it should be replaced in time
2) image color deviation: first consider the white balance and supporting equipment, if not, consider whether it is wire aging, poor signal transmission, or camera line aging
3. Power system fault and maintenance measures
the common faults are tool wear and handle high-energy motor fault, but not every kind of motor can replace parts, so we should selectively replace the motor, pay attention to the maintenance and maintenance in daily use, and try to avoid the occurrence of fault. In addition, according to the severity of the fault, the cutter head is selectively replaced to ensure the normal operation of the equipment
4. Failure and maintenance measures of flushing system. In addition, insufficient pressure and suction are also common fault types, which may be caused by motor aging and air leakage of ventilation valve. Therefore, the motor should be replaced selectively to prevent air leakage of ventilation valve
there are five basic systems: laparoscopic video monitoring system, CO2 pneumoperitoneum system, electric cutting system, flushing suction system, surgical instruments, etc. As shown in Figure 1< The system consists of laparoscope, light source and light path, micro camera, camera converter, monitor (TV), automatic cold light source and video recorder. Laparos is commonly used in 0 ° And 30 ° Perspective. All kinds of instruments with diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm and 2.5 mm. As shown in Figure 2< The CO2 pneumoperitoneum system is composed of a spring pneumoperitoneum needle, an inflation catheter, a pneumoperitoneum machine and a CO2 cylinder. Its purpose is to provide a wide space and vision for surgery
the intra-abdominal pressure of 12-15mmhg and automatic pneumoperitoneum machine required for scheled operation< 3. Irrigation absorption system consists of two parts:
1) irrigation: it can observe and protect tissues, prevent adhesion, stop bleeding and repair tissues
2) attraction: the catheter effect is used for attraction, and sometimes a filter is used
4. Surgical instrument system
basic instruments for cholecystectomy: 2 10 mm trocar, 2 5 mm trocar, 1 10 mm instrument converter, 2 non-invasive grasping forceps, 1 curved dissecting forceps, 1 pneumoperitoneum needle, 1 scissors, 1 titanium clamp, 1 irrigation suction tube, 1 electrocoagulation separation shovel and 1 separation hook
special instruments: cholangiography tube, needle holding forceps, suture needle and snare device for ligation, taking net, etc< Operation
1) general surgery: cholecystectomy, fenestration and drainage of liver cyst, lysis of intestinal adhesion, splenectomy, hernia repair, gastrointestinal surgery
2) urology: renal cyst fenestration, adrenal tumor resection
3) obstetrics and gynecology: ectopic pregnancy resection, hysteromyoma, total hysterectomy
4) thoracic surgery: pulmonary bullae resection, spontaneous hemopneumothorax hemostasis
2. Diagnosis
1) direct vision biopsy, biopsy and ultrasound localization
2) unexplained chronic abdominal pain
3) the qualitative and staging of abdominal tumors
4) differential diagnosis of liver disease and ascites
5) lymph node biopsy
6) when it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis by non-invasive examination< Methods of laparoscopic operation
1. Artificial pneumoperitoneum
cut the skin 1cm at the lower edge of the umbilicus wheel, insert the pneumoperitoneum needle at 45 degrees from the incision, and connect a needle tube after no blood is drawn back. If the normal saline flows into the abdomen smoothly, the puncture is successful and the needle is in the abdominal cavity. Connected to CO2 aerator, the air inlet speed should not exceed 1L / min, and the total amount should be 2-3l. The intra-abdominal pressure was less than 2.13kpa (16mmhg)
2. Trocar puncture
laparos needs to be inserted into the abdominal cavity from the trocar, and the trocar should be inserted into the abdominal cavity first. The incision should be 1.5cm. Lift the abdominal wall under the umbilicus, and insert the trocar into the abdominal cavity obliquely and vertically. When entering the abdominal cavity, there is a sense of breakthrough. Pull out the trocar core. After hearing the sound of gas rushing out of the abdominal cavity, insert the laparoscope, connect the light source, adjust the patient's position to 15 degrees of head low and hip high, and continue to inflate slowly
3. Laparoscopic observation
the operator holds a laparoscope and observes the uterus and ligaments, ovaries and fallopian tubes, recto uterine pits with an eyepiece. During observation, the assistant can move the uterine device to change the position of the uterus to cooperate with the examination. If necessary, suspicious lesions may be taken for pathological examination< Take out the laparoscope
if there is no internal bleeding and organ damage, take out the laparoscope, remove the cannula after exhausting the intraperitoneal gas, suture the abdominal incision, cover it with sterile gauze and fix it with adhesive tape
post treatment of laparoscopic examination
1. Antibiotics were given to prevent infection
2. Although the air has been exhausted before suturing the abdominal incision, there may still be resial gas in the abdominal cavity, resulting in shoulder pain and upper abdominal discomfort, which is usually not serious and does not need special treatment
points for attention after laparoscopic surgery
ring laparoscopic surgery, attention should be paid to consolidate the surgical effect and recover physical strength as soon as possible, and the following points should be achieved:
1. Within 6 hours after surgery, the pillow should be removed and supine position should be adopted, with head side to side, to prevent vomit from being inhaled into the trachea
2. Although most patients have no pain after operation, don't neglect to massage the patient's waist and legs. Turn over once every half an hour to promote blood circulation and prevent bedsore
3. Pull out the catheter after the fluid infusion, and encourage the patients to get out of bed
4. Patients can be given a small amount of liquid diet 6 hours after operation, such as thin rice soup, noodle soup, etc. Do not give patients sweet milk, soybean milk powder and other sugary drinks
5. The incision of laparoscopic surgery is only 1 cm, so the abdominal dressing can be removed after a week, and the shower can be taken, and then the normal activities can be graally restored. Before a week or to pay attention to appropriate, light activities, so that the body recover as soon as possible< The advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery
1. Characteristics
1) multi angle "inspection", the effect is intuitive
laparos can check from different angles and directions without affecting abdominal organs, and even can see some deep positions, so as to achieve the effect of visual inspection, without missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis
2) fast recovery
the operation is carried out in the closed basin and abdominal cavity, the interference of internal environment is very small, the trauma of patients is far less than that of open surgery, and the patients recover quickly after operation without complications and sequelae
3) short hospital stay
the operation is operated by a professional doctor, the treatment can be completed in a short time, without affecting the normal physiological function, and the normal life and work can be restored after the operation
4) abdominal cosmetic effect is good
conventional knife surgery will leave a very ugly scar on the body, but abdominal surgery does not have this problem, women can do this operation without worry
5) less pelvic adhesion
minimally invasive technique, no need for surgery, less interference to pelvic cavity, no gauze and hand tissue contact, few or no sutures. The pelvic cavity was fully flushed ring the operation, so the pelvic adhesion of patients after endoscopic surgery was far less than that of open surgery< Compared with traditional surgery, laparoscopic surgery has the following advantages: 1) it has less disturbance to abdominal viscera and avoids the stimulation and pollution of air and airborne st bacteria to abdominal cavity. During the operation, electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation were mainly used. The blood vessels were coagulated first and then broken. The hemostasis was complete and the bleeding was very little. Before the end of the operation, the abdominal cavity was washed thoroughly and kept clean. Therefore, the postoperative intestinal function can be recovered quickly, the patients can eat earlier, and the postoperative intestinal adhesion can be greatly reced
2) laparoscopic surgery is the representative of real minimally invasive surgery, which can greatly rece the trauma, ease the operation process and postoperative recovery, and rece the pain
3) get out of bed early after operation, sleep posture is relatively casual, greatly recing the intensity of family accompany nursing
4) the puncture holes in the abdominal wall were small (3-10 mm), scattered and hidden, and did not affect the appearance after healing
5) general anesthesia is generally used with complete monitoring and greatly increased safety
6) the infection of puncture is much less than that of traditional incision
7) the abdominal wall puncture replaces the abdominal wall incision, which avoids the injury of abdominal wall muscle, blood vessels and corresponding nerves. The postoperative abdominal wall weakness and abdominal wall incisional hernia will not occur, the motor function will not be affected because of abdominal wall muscle scarring, and the corresponding skin numbness will not be caused by abdominal wall nerve transection
3. Disadvantages
1) laparoscopic equipment is expensive and the operation is complex. Retraining of laparoscopic surgery is needed, and there are technical requirements for surgeons
2) it is difficult to estimate the operation time before operation, and it is necessary to change to open operation in special circumstances
3) the risk of laparoscopic surgery is increased under special circumstances [1]
common faults and maintenance measures
1. Pneumoperitoneum system faults and maintenance measures
1) pressure display error: if there are multiple sensors in a group working at the same time, as long as one sensor is contaminated or aging, the whole group of sensors should be replaced
2) flow display error: if the flow sensor is damaged, it should be replaced. If it is calculated by differential pressure, the differential pressure sensor needs to be replaced
3) pneumoperitoneum leakage: the cause may be that the carbon dioxide cylinder is empty or the gas valve leaks, so it should be replaced. In case of loose fixation line of Hasson casing, the suture should be tightened or re sutured
2. Imaging system fault and maintenance measures
1) image interference: usually when using high-frequency equipment, interference lines are easy to appear, so it is necessary to check the connectivity between camera and shield line. If the camera is not firmly connected, it should be re welded; If the wire is aged, it should be replaced in time
2) image color deviation: first consider the white balance and supporting equipment, if not, consider whether it is wire aging, poor signal transmission, or camera line aging
3. Power system fault and maintenance measures
the common faults are tool wear and handle high-energy motor fault, but not every kind of motor can replace parts, so we should selectively replace the motor, pay attention to the maintenance and maintenance in daily use, and try to avoid the occurrence of fault. In addition, according to the severity of the fault, the cutter head is selectively replaced to ensure the normal operation of the equipment
4. Failure and maintenance measures of flushing system. In addition, insufficient pressure and suction are also common fault types, which may be caused by motor aging and air leakage of ventilation valve. Therefore, the motor should be replaced selectively to prevent air leakage of ventilation valve
9. The question is rather vague. I don't know why you have laparoscopic surgery. If you have to do it, you must be hospitalized. As for what you have to prepare before you do it, you can only listen to the doctor. It should include the following points: take n-tube blood, do a lot of tests (even test for AIDS), back skin, don't eat or drink eight hours before the operation, I also need to eat a big jar of powder to clean my intestines. Before I go to the operating table, I can weigh myself and take anesthetics... That's all. I hope it can help you
Personal friendly tips: relax, don't be nervous, it's no big deal. If you can do laparos, you don't need to open your stomach, it's no big problem. Finally, I wish you health!
Personal friendly tips: relax, don't be nervous, it's no big deal. If you can do laparos, you don't need to open your stomach, it's no big problem. Finally, I wish you health!
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