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Wang Ganchang (1907-1998) is a famous nuclear physicist, one of the founders and pioneers of China's nuclear science, senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, honorary chairman of the Central Committee of the 93 society, outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, and former Vice Minister of the second Ministry of machinery instry. He is from Zhitang Town, Changshu, Jiangsu Province. He graated from the Department of physics of Tsinghua University in 1929. He entered Berlin University in 1930 and received his doctorate in 1933. In April 1934, he returned to China and worked as a professor in Shandong University and Zhejiang University. He took part in revolutionary work in May 1949 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1979. He successively served as vice president of the ninth Institute of the second Ministry of mechanical instry (now China National Nuclear Instry Corporation), Vice Minister of the second Ministry of mechanical instry and director of the Institute of atomic energy (now China Academy of Atomic Energy Science), vice chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology, chairman of the Chinese nuclear society, director of the Central Committee of the 93 society, third, fourth and fourth members of the Committee of the 93 society Member of the Standing Committee of the fifth and Sixth National People's Congress
Wang Ganchang is the main founder and pioneer of experimental nuclear physics, cosmic ray and elementary particle physics in China, and enjoys a high reputation in the world. In his 70 years of scientific research career, he has made many scientific achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. In 1941, he put forward an experimental scheme to verify the existence of neutrinos, which was proved by experiments. In 1959, he led a research team at the Dubner Institute of nuclear research in the Soviet Union and discovered the anti sigma negative hyperon for the first time in the world, which pushed forward human's understanding of the microscopic world of matter. In 1964, he independently put forward the idea of using laser target to achieve nuclear fusion. He was one of the founders of the theory and research of laser inertial confinement fusion in the world, and also made China's scientific research in this field take the lead in the world at that time. In 1984, he led a new field of KrF excimer laser inertial confinement fusion
Wang Ganchang participated in the experimental research and organizational leadership of China's atomic and hydrogen bomb principle breakthrough and nuclear weapon development, and is one of the main founders of China's nuclear weapon development. For his outstanding contribution to China's science and technology and national defense construction, he has won two first prizes of National Natural Science and one special prize of national science and technology progress
Wang Ganchang is very concerned about the development of science and technology in China, especially the high-tech instry. In March 1986, together with Wang Daheng, Yang Jialong and Chen Fangyun, he put forward suggestions of great significance to the development of China's high technology. With Deng Xiaoping's personal instructions and active support, the State Council formulated the "863 Plan" for China's high technology development on the basis of listening to experts' opinions, which created a new situation for China's high technology development< Wang Ganchang died in Beijing on December 10, 1998 at the age of 92<
Wang Ganchang
like a teacher,
one day in Changshu County, Jiangsu Province, a comrade from a police station led several visitors from other places through the streets to a wooden house. An old man among the visitors looked at the repaired house and said excitedly, "this is it, this is it." This old man is China's famous nuclear physicist Wang Ganchang. He came to visit his hometown where he was born and raised< On May 28, 1907, Wang Ganchang was born in fengtangwan, Changshu county. His father, a local Chinese medicine doctor, died when he was four years old. When I was 13 years old, my mother got lung disease e to overwork and died. Only his grandmother loved him so much that he could go to school< In 1920, he went to Shanghai Pudong middle school with a distant relative. When he was in primary school, he was crazy about solving interesting math problems. In middle school, he was most interested in mathematics. Teacher Zhou Pei, who teaches mathematics, came back from studying abroad. He encouraged students to study by themselves. He organized and carried out group activities of mathematics self-study after class. Wang Ganchang was an active member of the group. Under the guidance of teacher Zhou Pei, he finished calculus as a freshman in middle school. In 1925, he was admitted to Tsinghua University
Tsinghua used to be a preparatory school for studying in the United States. Since 1925, the University Department has been set up to recruit first-year students. Wang Ganchang is the first student of Tsinghua University. Tsinghua University is run by the Boxer Indemnity paid by the Chinese government to the United States every year. It has abundant funds and facilities that other universities in China can't match. And the experimental conditions of chemistry department are outstanding in the school. As soon as Wang Ganchang entered Tsinghua University, he fell in love with chemistry. He was not exposed to many chemical experiments in middle school, and now he is very active as soon as he enters the laboratory. The color change of litmus test paper surprised him; He did all kinds of experiments on the properties of elements and compounds seriously; He is very familiar with the periodic table of chemical elements. He thinks chemistry is really interesting
however, one year later, when he was divided into the Department, Wang Ganchang chose the Department of physics instead of mathematics, which he liked since he was a child, or entering the Department of chemistry< It turns out that the Department of physics of Tsinghua University was founded by Professor Ye Qisun, an experimental physicist (1898-1977). He attached great importance to lay a solid foundation for students and taught them general physics in person. Once in class, he asked a question about the Bernoulli equation, and Wang Ganchang gave the answer quickly. Mr. Ye was very happy. After class, he took Wang Ganchang to learn about his study and said to him, "if you have any problems in the future, you can come to me at any time." Mr. Ye's fascinating lectures and his special care and encouragement for Wang Ganchang made Wang Ganchang have a deeper understanding of experimental physics. He fell in love with experimental physics and was determined to open the door of experimental physics< Later, another Chinese experimental physicist Wu Youxun came back from the United States, and ye Qisun invited him to Tsinghua University to take charge of modern physics courses. Wu Youxun pays great attention to training and improving students' ability of experimental physics research. In his teaching, he noticed Wang Ganchang's special interest and operation ability in experiment, and he also liked this diligent and active student. He himself accepted modern physics through experimental work, and he also hoped to use the same method to cultivate and help Wang Ganchang. In June 1929, Wang Ganchang graated from university. Wu Youxun left him as a teaching assistant and gave him a research topic: radon intensity and daily change around Tsinghua garden. The purpose is to study the influence of meteorological factors on atmospheric radioactivity near Beijing. This research had not been done in China at that time. Under the guidance of Wu Youxun, Wang Ganchang consulted a lot of materials and then carried out experiments. Every day from 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning, we repeated the tedious, arous and skillful experiment, and recorded the temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, cloud nature and distribution of the day. From November 1929 to April 1930, a total of six months. This is really a test for young scientists. Wang Ganchang persevered, got a lot of data about the relationship between atmospheric radioactivity and meteorological conditions over Beijing, and wrote his paper< Two pioneers of modern physics in China, ye Qisun and Wu Youxun, led Wang Ganchang to the road of experimental physics research. Wang Ganchang has deep feelings for physics. Later, when he was the director of the Department of physics at Zhejiang University, when the freshmen entered the University, he would welcome them personally and have a cordial conversation with them. He said to the freshmen, "physics is a beautiful science, ranging from the universe to the elementary particles. It's very interesting for her to seek the rules. You have chosen a good major. " How inspiring! Like his respected teacher, he led a group of students on the journey of physics< In April 1950, at the invitation of Qian Sanqiang, Wang Ganchang was a researcher at the newly established Institute of modern physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1951, he was appointed as deputy director of the Institute, mainly leading the research of cosmic rays. In 1954, the first high mountain cosmic ray laboratory in China was established in luoxueshan, Yunnan Province, and a number of research results were obtained, which attracted the attention of foreign colleagues< In the autumn of 1956, as a representative of China, he worked as a senior researcher at the Dubner Institute of nuclear research in the Soviet Union, and later as a deputy director. He personally led an experimental group to carry out the research of high energy experimental physics
since Dirac, a British scientist, first predicted the existence of positrons, the antiparticles of electrons, in 1930, and Anderson, an American physicist, discovered positrons from cosmic rays in a cloud chamber in 1932, experimental physicists have been looking for antiparticles of various particles. If all particles have antiparticles, it will prove that an important rule in the micro world is symmetry, the symmetry between particles and antiparticles - positive and negative. Antiparticles of various mesons have been confirmed. In 1955, the United States built a 6 billion electron volt proton accelerator. With this accelerator, antiprotons and antineutrons were discovered very quickly. By 1957, a challenging task for experimental physicists was to search for anti hyperons. At this time, a higher energy accelerator of CERN is still under construction, while a proton synchrotron with an energy of 10 billion eV of una will be built, which can take advantage of energy for several years. According to this situation, Wang Ganchang decisively took the search for novel particles (including various hyperon antiparticles) as the main research topic of the group
the accelerator of the United Research Institute has been built, but there is no supporting equipment such as detector, measuring instrument, computer, etc. Everything has to start from scratch. After research, Wang Ganchang designed a delicate experiment. First of all, considering the short lifetime of anti hyperons, it is ideal to use the bubble chamber which can display the particle track as the main detector to capture such particles more reliably. In order to fight for time, they chose the propane bubble chamber, which is less difficult in technology and has a shorter construction period. They built the bubble chamber by themselves, using the π Mesons act as projectiles and experiment on accelerators. Wang Ganchang grasped every link in the research process, and timely instructed the team members to pay attention to the places when observing the photos taken in the bubble chamber. On March 9, 1959, we finally found an example of procing anti sigma negative hyperons from 40000 pairs of negatives, and discovered the antiparticle of hyperons - anti sigma negative hyperons
the work of Wang Ganchang group has been praised by physicists from all over the world. In 1972, Professor Yang Zhenning said to Premier Zhou Enlai when he returned to China for a visit: the only praiseworthy work that has been done on the accelerator of the United nuclear Institute is the discovery of anti sigma negative hyperons by Mr. Wang Ganchang and his team. In 1982, Wang Ganchang, Ding Dali and Wang Zhuxiang won the first prize of natural science awarded by the state. This is the highest honor that physicists have won since the founding of new China more than 30 years ago< At the end of 1960, Wang Ganchang's term of office at the Dubner Institute of nuclear research expired, and he was about to return home
one day, he came to the Chinese Embassy in Moscow and carefully handed a passbook to the big bank
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