Comparison of computing power of gpt3
Publish: 2021-05-12 02:08:53
1.
1. MBR (main boot record area) is located in 0 track 0 cylinder 1 sector of the whole hard disk. MBR sector plays a very important role in the process of computer boot. After pressing the power supply, the computer starts to execute the BIOS program of the motherboard. After a series of tests and configuration, it starts to boot according to the system boot sequence set in CMOS
GPT partition mode uses GUID partition table, which is a new partition table structure standard based on EFI standard. Compared with the commonly used master boot record (MBR) partitioning scheme, GPT provides a more flexible disk partitioning mechanism The EFI system partition (ESP) is a FAT16 or FAT32 physical partition, but its partition ID is ef (hexadecimal) instead of 0e or 0C, so it is generally invisible under Windows operating systemthe EFI system partition can be used by UEFI BIOS to boot the system and store the part of EFI extended functions that cannot be stored by BIOS / EFI NAND chip. Computers supporting EFI mode need to start the system from esp. EFI firmware can load EFI startup program or application from esp. ESP is the system boot partition
4. Microsoft reserved partition (MSR) is Microsoft reserved partition. It is a partition required by Windows operating system (above windows7) on the GPT. System components can assign parts of MSR partitions to new partitions for their use
extended data
in order to solve FAT16's limitation on volume size and allow DOS's real mode to process this format without recing the available conventional memory, Microsoft decided to implement a new generation of fat, which is called FAT32, with 32-bit clusters, and currently uses 28 of them
theoretically, this will support a total of 268435438 (
0; 2) Cluster, allowing disk capacity up to 8tb. However, e to the limitation of Microsoft ScanDisk tool, FAT32 cannot be greater than 4177920; 2) This limits the capacity of the volume to 124.55gb unless "ScanDisk" is no longer used
FAT32 was released with windows 95osr2, although it needs to be reformatted to use this format, and drivespace3 (version of windows 95osr2 and windows 98) never supports this format. Windows 98 provides a tool to transfer an existing hard disk from FAT16 to FAT32 without losing data. On the NT proct line, support for it starts with Windows 2000
Windows 2000 and Windows XP can read and write FAT32 file systems of any size, but the formatter on these platforms can only create FAT32 file systems with a maximum size of 32GB
2. Introce the problems of MBR and GPT< br />
MBR partition
MBR means & quot; Master boot record;, It was proposed by IBM in the early years. It is a special boot sector that exists at the beginning of the disk drive. This sector contains information about the installed operating system and starts the system with a small piece of code. If you install windows, the startup information is put in this section of code -- if the MBR information is damaged or mistakenly deleted, you can't start Windows normally. At this time, you need to find a boot repair software tool to repair it. MBR is usually grub loader in Linux system. MBR When a computer starts up, it will first start the BIOS system of the motherboard, the BIOS loads MBR, and then MBR starts windows. This is the start-up process of MBR. GPT partition
GPT means GUID partition table, that is & quot; Globally uniquely identifies the partition table & quot;. It is another more advanced and novel way of disk organization, a way of disk organization started by UEFI. At first, it was for better compatibility. Later, it was widely used because of its larger memory support (MBR partition supports 2T disks at most) and more compatibility. In particular, Apple's MAC system all uses GPT partition. GTP does not have the concept of partition. All cdef disks are stored in a piece of information. Can be simply understood as more advanced but not widely used technology. Because of the compatibility problem, GPT actually has a MBR boot at the beginning of boot, also known as & quot; Protect Boot & quot;, In order to prevent devices from not supporting UEFI,
memory support: MBR supports 2T at most, while GPT is unlimited in theory
partition: MBR supports up to four primary partitions, and GPT is unlimited. If you want to run multiple systems, the maximum number of MBRs is four, and there is no limit to GPT
System: win7 can only be partitioned with MBR (it's OK, but it's troublesome, not recommended). Starting from win8, Microsoft recommends that you use GPT
Others: GPT is started by UEFI, and UEFI is a concept that was put forward later, so its compatibility and stability are not as good as that of BIOS + MBR
actual selection
if your hard disk is more than 2T, you must choose GPT + UEFI, and it doesn't matter if it is less than 2T
if you don't know much about computers, then I suggest you use MBR, because most computers are started by MBR BIOS by default. If you choose GPT, then you must set the boot item under the BIOS. It's more complicated for a newcomer, and the motherboard of each computer is different, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty
if you are proficient, GPT is recommended. After all, GPT represents the future. It can be predicted that UEFI will replace BIOS sooner or later
in many aspects of the system, win7 users suggest that MBR is simple and easy to operate, and 8 and 10 users should make efforts to learn GPT. After all, it is a trend. Apple users needless to say, GPT has no choice.
MBR partition
MBR means & quot; Master boot record;, It was proposed by IBM in the early years. It is a special boot sector that exists at the beginning of the disk drive. This sector contains information about the installed operating system and starts the system with a small piece of code. If you install windows, the startup information is put in this section of code -- if the MBR information is damaged or mistakenly deleted, you can't start Windows normally. At this time, you need to find a boot repair software tool to repair it. MBR is usually grub loader in Linux system. MBR When a computer starts up, it will first start the BIOS system of the motherboard, the BIOS loads MBR, and then MBR starts windows. This is the start-up process of MBR. GPT partition
GPT means GUID partition table, that is & quot; Globally uniquely identifies the partition table & quot;. It is another more advanced and novel way of disk organization, a way of disk organization started by UEFI. At first, it was for better compatibility. Later, it was widely used because of its larger memory support (MBR partition supports 2T disks at most) and more compatibility. In particular, Apple's MAC system all uses GPT partition. GTP does not have the concept of partition. All cdef disks are stored in a piece of information. Can be simply understood as more advanced but not widely used technology. Because of the compatibility problem, GPT actually has a MBR boot at the beginning of boot, also known as & quot; Protect Boot & quot;, In order to prevent devices from not supporting UEFI,
memory support: MBR supports 2T at most, while GPT is unlimited in theory
partition: MBR supports up to four primary partitions, and GPT is unlimited. If you want to run multiple systems, the maximum number of MBRs is four, and there is no limit to GPT
System: win7 can only be partitioned with MBR (it's OK, but it's troublesome, not recommended). Starting from win8, Microsoft recommends that you use GPT
Others: GPT is started by UEFI, and UEFI is a concept that was put forward later, so its compatibility and stability are not as good as that of BIOS + MBR
actual selection
if your hard disk is more than 2T, you must choose GPT + UEFI, and it doesn't matter if it is less than 2T
if you don't know much about computers, then I suggest you use MBR, because most computers are started by MBR BIOS by default. If you choose GPT, then you must set the boot item under the BIOS. It's more complicated for a newcomer, and the motherboard of each computer is different, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty
if you are proficient, GPT is recommended. After all, GPT represents the future. It can be predicted that UEFI will replace BIOS sooner or later
in many aspects of the system, win7 users suggest that MBR is simple and easy to operate, and 8 and 10 users should make efforts to learn GPT. After all, it is a trend. Apple users needless to say, GPT has no choice.
3. 1. MBR or GPT is just an organization form of hard disk partition. In general, what we come into contact with is MBR. You choose it
2. It refers to a physical hard disk, not the superposition of all disks
3. The three disks can be partitioned in different ways, as long as your operating system supports it. In your case, it is recommended that you choose MBR
4. As long as the operating system supports it, replication is certainly possible. It's like transporting tires from warehouse A to warehouse B. the tires in warehouse A are hung on the wall, while the tires in warehouse B are put on the wall. Other ways may be different, but the tires are still tires. As for ing 500g to 2T, 2T will become 500g. It's just that when ing, we use the mirror mode to (maybe the ing people are lazy, they choose a way to save energy, but they have to recover capacity later, which is not necessarily a way to save energy)
5. We have already said that choosing MBR, followed by different organizational forms, can be used, But MBR is more commonly used
6. It is recommended that you try to use NTFS format (under Windows) for large capacity hard disk. If it is under Linux, it will be better to use ext3 and more advanced formats such as ext4 and ReiserFS
MBR is limited to 2TB, GPT is not (theoretical limit is 18000tb), small hard disk (within 1TB) is MBR
2. It refers to a physical hard disk, not the superposition of all disks
3. The three disks can be partitioned in different ways, as long as your operating system supports it. In your case, it is recommended that you choose MBR
4. As long as the operating system supports it, replication is certainly possible. It's like transporting tires from warehouse A to warehouse B. the tires in warehouse A are hung on the wall, while the tires in warehouse B are put on the wall. Other ways may be different, but the tires are still tires. As for ing 500g to 2T, 2T will become 500g. It's just that when ing, we use the mirror mode to (maybe the ing people are lazy, they choose a way to save energy, but they have to recover capacity later, which is not necessarily a way to save energy)
5. We have already said that choosing MBR, followed by different organizational forms, can be used, But MBR is more commonly used
6. It is recommended that you try to use NTFS format (under Windows) for large capacity hard disk. If it is under Linux, it will be better to use ext3 and more advanced formats such as ext4 and ReiserFS
MBR is limited to 2TB, GPT is not (theoretical limit is 18000tb), small hard disk (within 1TB) is MBR
4. The premise is that your motherboard BIOS has UEFI function, otherwise you consider 2T hard disk well, become a dynamic disk can be reversed, but to delete the whole partition
5. It's almost as fast. GPT can be faster if the boot speed is faster< However, GPT can support a single partition larger than 2G. It is also the mainstream partition of computers at present
MBR has declined, and there are also MBR viruses
some new computers no longer support MBR startup, so GPT is preferred.
MBR has declined, and there are also MBR viruses
some new computers no longer support MBR startup, so GPT is preferred.
6.
The differences between GPT and MBR are as follows:
1. The number of partitions supported is different
1. The hard disk of MBR partition table can be divided into four main partition disks at most
2. GPT partition table type hard disk is not limited by the number of partitions
2. Different hard disk sizes are supported
1. MBR only supports 2TB hard disk at most
The GPT partition table type supports 18eb hard disk1EB=1024 PB，PB=1024 TB
Second, the severity of the damage is not the same.1. MBR has its own startup code. Once the startup code is damaged, the system can't be started. Only through repair can the system be started
GPT saves a of the partition table at the end of the hard disk{rrrrrrr}
thirdly, the development trend is different
1. GPT is a new standard which is graally replacing MBR
2. The capacity of GPT disk drive can be much larger than that of operating system and file system. It also supports almost 64 bit Win0, win8, win7 and Vista, and the corresponding servers can be started from GPT
In MBR hard disk, partition information is directly stored in the master boot record (MBR) In GPT hard disk, the location information of partition table is stored in GPT headerv. different compatibility
1. MBR has the best compatibility
GPT partition compatibility is not so good. Therefore, at the beginning of the GPT partition table, a traditional MBR is still stored for compatibility consideration to prevent the hard disk management tools that do not support GPT from mistakenly identifying and destroying the data in the hard disk7. 1. MBR or GPT is just an organization form of hard disk partition. In general, what we come into contact with is MBR. You choose it
2. It refers to a physical hard disk, not the superposition of all disks
3. The three disks can be partitioned in different ways, as long as your operating system supports it. In your case, it is recommended that you choose MBR
4. As long as the operating system supports it, replication is certainly possible. It's like transporting tires from warehouse A to warehouse B. the tires in warehouse A are hung on the wall, while the tires in warehouse B are put on the wall. Other ways may be different, but the tires are still tires. As for ing 500g to 2T, 2T will become 500g. It's just that when ing, we use the mirror mode to (maybe the ing people are lazy, they choose a way to save energy, but they have to recover capacity later, which is not necessarily a way to save energy)
5. We have already said that choosing MBR, followed by different organizational forms, can be used, But MBR is more commonly used
6. It is recommended that you try to use NTFS format (under Windows) for large capacity hard disk. If it is under Linux, it will be better to use ext3 and more advanced formats than ext3, such as ext4 and ReiserFS
formats
MBR is limited to 2TB, GPT is not (theoretical limit is 18000tb), small hard disk (within 1TB) is MBR
2. It refers to a physical hard disk, not the superposition of all disks
3. The three disks can be partitioned in different ways, as long as your operating system supports it. In your case, it is recommended that you choose MBR
4. As long as the operating system supports it, replication is certainly possible. It's like transporting tires from warehouse A to warehouse B. the tires in warehouse A are hung on the wall, while the tires in warehouse B are put on the wall. Other ways may be different, but the tires are still tires. As for ing 500g to 2T, 2T will become 500g. It's just that when ing, we use the mirror mode to (maybe the ing people are lazy, they choose a way to save energy, but they have to recover capacity later, which is not necessarily a way to save energy)
5. We have already said that choosing MBR, followed by different organizational forms, can be used, But MBR is more commonly used
6. It is recommended that you try to use NTFS format (under Windows) for large capacity hard disk. If it is under Linux, it will be better to use ext3 and more advanced formats than ext3, such as ext4 and ReiserFS
formats
MBR is limited to 2TB, GPT is not (theoretical limit is 18000tb), small hard disk (within 1TB) is MBR
8. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (GPT, ALT) is a common clinical phenomenon. Liver is the largest detoxification organ of human body, whether the organ is normal or not is very important to human body. Elevated GPT is an important indicator of liver function problems. Among the common factors, all kinds of hepatitis can cause the increase of GPT, which is caused by the destruction of the liver. Some drugs, such as anti-tumor drugs, anti tuberculosis drugs, can cause liver function damage. Drinking a lot and eating some foods can also cause short-term damage to liver function
GPT mainly exists in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and its intracellular concentration is 1000-3000 times higher than that in serum. As long as 1% of the hepatocytes are necrotic, the serum enzymes can be doubled. Therefore, GPT is recommended by the World Health Organization as the most sensitive indicator of liver function damage. But it is not organ specific, many diseases can cause it to increase. The significant increase was found in acute viral hepatitis, moderate increase in chronic hepatitis, active cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver abscess, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, etc. it can also be slightly increased. Therefore, the evaluation of GPT elevation should be closely combined with clinical practice. Part of the increase of GPT was related to fatty liver and drinking alcohol. There are many hepatoprotective drugs commonly used in clinic. However, some drugs are effective but easy to repeat, resulting in some liver diseases can not be cured for a long time, and a large number of liver cells are damaged. How to protect liver cells is the key to protect liver function
glutamic pyruvic transaminase mainly exists in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The injury or necrosis of liver cells or some tissues will lead to the elevation of alanine aminotransferase in the blood. There are many clinical diseases that can cause the abnormality of transaminase, which must be differentiated
1. Viral hepatitis is the most common disease that causes the elevation of transaminase, and all kinds of acute and chronic viral hepatitis can cause the elevation of transaminase. 2. A variety of drugs and chemicals can cause the elevation of transaminase in patients with toxic hepatitis, but the transaminase can return to normal after drug withdrawal
3. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase also increased in heavy or long-term drinkers
4. Transaminase is higher than the normal level in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which should be treated actively. 5. When acute attack of biliary tract disease cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, often have fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, blood bilirubin and transaminase rise
6. Patients with acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, often have chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, edema. There were positive signs and abnormal ECG in cardiac examination
7. Some other infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, infectious mononucleosis and so on, all have the phenomenon of elevated transaminase, but these diseases have typical clinical manifestations, and can be diagnosed by laboratory examination. In addition, acute soft tissue injury and strenuous exercise can also lead to transient elevation of transaminase. So you need to go to the hospital to do a more comprehensive examination, in order to find out the reason, timely treatment
according to the different amino acids and ketone acids, transaminases can be divided into dozens of kinds, among which glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT, ALT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST, got) are the most important. In the liver, GPT was mainly distributed in the water-soluble part of the cytoplasm, while got was mainly distributed in the water-soluble part of the cytoplasm and mitochondria
when liver and other organs are injured or necrotic, intracellular enzymes are released into the blood stream, resulting in the increase of serum enzyme activity. Since the transaminase activity in the whole liver is 1000-1000 times higher than that in the serum, as long as 1% of the hepatocytes are necrotic, the serum transaminase activity can be doubled (assuming that all released enzymes remain active). Therefore, the elevation of transaminase in serum reflects the degree of hepatocyte damage and necrosis to a certain extent in the case of excluding extrahepatic organ diseases (such as acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis and myopathy). Since the activity of GPT in liver is higher than that in any other organs, GPT is more specific than got in reflecting liver damage
GPT mainly exists in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and its intracellular concentration is 1000-3000 times higher than that in serum. As long as 1% of the hepatocytes are necrotic, the serum enzymes can be doubled. Therefore, GPT is recommended by the World Health Organization as the most sensitive indicator of liver function damage. But it is not organ specific, many diseases can cause it to increase. The significant increase was found in acute viral hepatitis, moderate increase in chronic hepatitis, active cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver abscess, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, etc. it can also be slightly increased. Therefore, the evaluation of GPT elevation should be closely combined with clinical practice. Part of the increase of GPT was related to fatty liver and drinking alcohol. There are many hepatoprotective drugs commonly used in clinic. However, some drugs are effective but easy to repeat, resulting in some liver diseases can not be cured for a long time, and a large number of liver cells are damaged. How to protect liver cells is the key to protect liver function
glutamic pyruvic transaminase mainly exists in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The injury or necrosis of liver cells or some tissues will lead to the elevation of alanine aminotransferase in the blood. There are many clinical diseases that can cause the abnormality of transaminase, which must be differentiated
1. Viral hepatitis is the most common disease that causes the elevation of transaminase, and all kinds of acute and chronic viral hepatitis can cause the elevation of transaminase. 2. A variety of drugs and chemicals can cause the elevation of transaminase in patients with toxic hepatitis, but the transaminase can return to normal after drug withdrawal
3. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase also increased in heavy or long-term drinkers
4. Transaminase is higher than the normal level in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which should be treated actively. 5. When acute attack of biliary tract disease cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, often have fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, blood bilirubin and transaminase rise
6. Patients with acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure, elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, often have chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, edema. There were positive signs and abnormal ECG in cardiac examination
7. Some other infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, infectious mononucleosis and so on, all have the phenomenon of elevated transaminase, but these diseases have typical clinical manifestations, and can be diagnosed by laboratory examination. In addition, acute soft tissue injury and strenuous exercise can also lead to transient elevation of transaminase. So you need to go to the hospital to do a more comprehensive examination, in order to find out the reason, timely treatment
according to the different amino acids and ketone acids, transaminases can be divided into dozens of kinds, among which glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT, ALT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST, got) are the most important. In the liver, GPT was mainly distributed in the water-soluble part of the cytoplasm, while got was mainly distributed in the water-soluble part of the cytoplasm and mitochondria
when liver and other organs are injured or necrotic, intracellular enzymes are released into the blood stream, resulting in the increase of serum enzyme activity. Since the transaminase activity in the whole liver is 1000-1000 times higher than that in the serum, as long as 1% of the hepatocytes are necrotic, the serum transaminase activity can be doubled (assuming that all released enzymes remain active). Therefore, the elevation of transaminase in serum reflects the degree of hepatocyte damage and necrosis to a certain extent in the case of excluding extrahepatic organ diseases (such as acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis and myopathy). Since the activity of GPT in liver is higher than that in any other organs, GPT is more specific than got in reflecting liver damage
9. Glutamic alanine aminotransferase (alt, GPT) (liver function test), abbreviated as alanine aminotransferase
abbreviation
alt, GPT
normal value
modified Mohr's method < 500 nmol · S-1 / L Reitman method 2-30 U
clinical significance
elevated alanine aminotransferase in viral hepatitis can not only mark the onset of acute hepatitis, but also reflect the activity and delay of chronic hepatitis. Because & quot; GPT" The activity of GPT in serum can be doubled as long as 1% of hepatocytes degenerate and necrotic. In acute hepatitis, e to the inflammatory swelling of hepatocytes and the enhancement of cell membrane permeability, a large amount of transaminase flows into the blood, resulting in a sharp increase of GPT; In chronic hepatitis, the defect of hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis results in excessive infiltration of GPT into the blood. According to the symptoms and signs of increased GPT in hepatitis, Chinese medicine generally has swarthy complexion, poor appetite and bitter mouth, mental fatigue and limb fatigue, hypochondriac pain and epigastric distension, yellow and red urine, unpleasant stool, yellow and greasy tongue coating or stasis. It belongs to the pathological manifestations of dampness heat and pestilence toxin stagnation, stagnation of liver and spleen qi, blood stasis and so on
according to different heat, toxin, dampness and blood stasis, the method of clearing away blood and lowering enzyme can not only effectively rece GPT, but also improve and restore liver function. Detoxification and enzyme lowering method: it is used in patients with acute hepatitis or chronic liver disease. Symptoms: dirty face, loose stools, limb sleepiness, dry mouth, yellow urine, greasy fur, slippery pulse strings, most of them were detained by pestilence. The eight ingredient jiangzyme Decoction composed of Chuanpo stone, gangren root, Pingdi wood, Liuyuexue, dandelion, Banlangen, chupencao and laopo needle was selected. The clinical effect was 79.2%
2. Qinggan Xiehuo method: it is used for the patients who are still difficult to be subed by Bawei jiangzyme decoction. Symptoms: flank pain, bitter mouth, headache, red eyes, constipation, red urine color, slippery pulse. Longdan Xiegan Decoction mainly consists of gentian, Scutellaria calensis, Coptis, heishan, bupleurum, Shengdi, angelica, Cheqianzi, etc. it can relieve the epidemic virus and rece the refractory GPT on the basis of nourishing blood and purging liver
3. Clearing away dampness heat method: it is used for damp heat epidemic virus to suppress Zhongjiao and affect the digestive function of hepatitis patients with high GPT. Symptoms: body drowsiness, low fever nostalgia, chest tightness, vomiting, poor stomach, yellow urine, greasy fur, pulse number, etc. Sanren decoction is mainly composed of Qingshui doujuan, almond, rice kernel, Huoxiang, Peilan, Chuanpu, Jisu powder, etc. it can aromatize turbidity and clear damp heat. It can restore the digestive function and rece the transaminase
4. Lidan Tuihuang method: it is suitable for jaundice hepatitis, bilirubin and GPT increase at the same time. Symptoms: yellow face, yellow eyes, yellow urine, constipation, yellow fur, slippery pulse string, etc. Yinchenhao Decoction composed of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Lysimachiae, radix rehmanniae, Fructus Gardeniae and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei can rece alanine aminotransferase and restore liver function
5. Cooling blood and removing blood stasis method: it is mainly used for patients with severe cholestasis type and severe hepatitis e to excessive accumulation of heat and toxin, jaundice caused by blood stasis and increased GPT. Symptoms: yellow skin, vomiting and bleeding, high fever, dizziness, limb tremor, crimson tongue, pulse count, etc. Qianjin Xijiao powder, which is composed of rhinoceros horn or rhinoceros horn, buffalo horn, radix paeoniae rubra, Cortex Moutan, Radix Gardeniae, Herba Artemisiae capillaris, Cimicifugae and rhubarb, has the functions of cooling blood and removing blood stasis, reviving spirit and removing jaundice, and can save part of subacute severe hepatitis with the aid of Western medicine. 54 cases of severe cholestatic hepatitis and subacute severe hepatitis were cured by this method
international medical community's recognition of TCM & quot; Syndrome & quot; It is believed that the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine depends not only on the understanding of diseases (such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis), but also on the syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is the key to the exact curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, on January 3, 1999, the author treated TTV infected hepatitis VII for Professor Kato Yuye of Kobe, Japan. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been hovering between 100 and 600, which has not been effectively diagnosed and treated by experts in Japan, the United States, South Korea and other places. According to the symptoms: headache and dark face, mental fatigue and emaciation, lack of appetite, yellow urine, greasy tongue coating, and pulse moistening. It belongs to the internal accumulation of damp heat of epidemic toxin and disturbance of liver fire. After treatment with qingrehuashi, Lingyang powder and Chuipencao granule for 3 months, alanine aminotransferase was normal for the first time. After continuous treatment for one year, the liver function was normal for the 12th time on January 8, 2000. It shows that TCM syndrome differentiation combined with disease differentiation is effective in the treatment of elevated alanine aminotransferase and recovery of liver function.
abbreviation
alt, GPT
normal value
modified Mohr's method < 500 nmol · S-1 / L Reitman method 2-30 U
clinical significance
elevated alanine aminotransferase in viral hepatitis can not only mark the onset of acute hepatitis, but also reflect the activity and delay of chronic hepatitis. Because & quot; GPT" The activity of GPT in serum can be doubled as long as 1% of hepatocytes degenerate and necrotic. In acute hepatitis, e to the inflammatory swelling of hepatocytes and the enhancement of cell membrane permeability, a large amount of transaminase flows into the blood, resulting in a sharp increase of GPT; In chronic hepatitis, the defect of hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis results in excessive infiltration of GPT into the blood. According to the symptoms and signs of increased GPT in hepatitis, Chinese medicine generally has swarthy complexion, poor appetite and bitter mouth, mental fatigue and limb fatigue, hypochondriac pain and epigastric distension, yellow and red urine, unpleasant stool, yellow and greasy tongue coating or stasis. It belongs to the pathological manifestations of dampness heat and pestilence toxin stagnation, stagnation of liver and spleen qi, blood stasis and so on
according to different heat, toxin, dampness and blood stasis, the method of clearing away blood and lowering enzyme can not only effectively rece GPT, but also improve and restore liver function. Detoxification and enzyme lowering method: it is used in patients with acute hepatitis or chronic liver disease. Symptoms: dirty face, loose stools, limb sleepiness, dry mouth, yellow urine, greasy fur, slippery pulse strings, most of them were detained by pestilence. The eight ingredient jiangzyme Decoction composed of Chuanpo stone, gangren root, Pingdi wood, Liuyuexue, dandelion, Banlangen, chupencao and laopo needle was selected. The clinical effect was 79.2%
2. Qinggan Xiehuo method: it is used for the patients who are still difficult to be subed by Bawei jiangzyme decoction. Symptoms: flank pain, bitter mouth, headache, red eyes, constipation, red urine color, slippery pulse. Longdan Xiegan Decoction mainly consists of gentian, Scutellaria calensis, Coptis, heishan, bupleurum, Shengdi, angelica, Cheqianzi, etc. it can relieve the epidemic virus and rece the refractory GPT on the basis of nourishing blood and purging liver
3. Clearing away dampness heat method: it is used for damp heat epidemic virus to suppress Zhongjiao and affect the digestive function of hepatitis patients with high GPT. Symptoms: body drowsiness, low fever nostalgia, chest tightness, vomiting, poor stomach, yellow urine, greasy fur, pulse number, etc. Sanren decoction is mainly composed of Qingshui doujuan, almond, rice kernel, Huoxiang, Peilan, Chuanpu, Jisu powder, etc. it can aromatize turbidity and clear damp heat. It can restore the digestive function and rece the transaminase
4. Lidan Tuihuang method: it is suitable for jaundice hepatitis, bilirubin and GPT increase at the same time. Symptoms: yellow face, yellow eyes, yellow urine, constipation, yellow fur, slippery pulse string, etc. Yinchenhao Decoction composed of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Lysimachiae, radix rehmanniae, Fructus Gardeniae and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei can rece alanine aminotransferase and restore liver function
5. Cooling blood and removing blood stasis method: it is mainly used for patients with severe cholestasis type and severe hepatitis e to excessive accumulation of heat and toxin, jaundice caused by blood stasis and increased GPT. Symptoms: yellow skin, vomiting and bleeding, high fever, dizziness, limb tremor, crimson tongue, pulse count, etc. Qianjin Xijiao powder, which is composed of rhinoceros horn or rhinoceros horn, buffalo horn, radix paeoniae rubra, Cortex Moutan, Radix Gardeniae, Herba Artemisiae capillaris, Cimicifugae and rhubarb, has the functions of cooling blood and removing blood stasis, reviving spirit and removing jaundice, and can save part of subacute severe hepatitis with the aid of Western medicine. 54 cases of severe cholestatic hepatitis and subacute severe hepatitis were cured by this method
international medical community's recognition of TCM & quot; Syndrome & quot; It is believed that the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine depends not only on the understanding of diseases (such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis), but also on the syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is the key to the exact curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, on January 3, 1999, the author treated TTV infected hepatitis VII for Professor Kato Yuye of Kobe, Japan. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been hovering between 100 and 600, which has not been effectively diagnosed and treated by experts in Japan, the United States, South Korea and other places. According to the symptoms: headache and dark face, mental fatigue and emaciation, lack of appetite, yellow urine, greasy tongue coating, and pulse moistening. It belongs to the internal accumulation of damp heat of epidemic toxin and disturbance of liver fire. After treatment with qingrehuashi, Lingyang powder and Chuipencao granule for 3 months, alanine aminotransferase was normal for the first time. After continuous treatment for one year, the liver function was normal for the 12th time on January 8, 2000. It shows that TCM syndrome differentiation combined with disease differentiation is effective in the treatment of elevated alanine aminotransferase and recovery of liver function.
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