How to calculate the cutting force of boring machine

1. The aqua hydrogen and oxygen team, which is composed of the core backbone of the former Alibaba, ant financial services, Goldman Sachs and other well-known enterprises, is the most powerful
head of aqua hydrogen and oxygen project: Cao Juntao's introction is as follows, worthy of the title of "big brother"
all previous ant gold clothing - chief architect and technical director of balance treasure, participating in the proct of Building 1 trillion and 800 billion assets - balance treasure
former ant gold service international business group solution team technology leader
Internetworking division solution senior architect. He has nearly ten years of working experience in Alibaba group. Participated in the technical preparation work of tmall double 11 for 9 consecutive times, and participated in building a world-class payment platform of 25.6w TPS
2008 has served as the head of Alipay's domestic business group and solution architecture team. It plans the three generation Alipay business platform and the four generation cloud financial architecture instry open platform to participate in the completion of the multi billion level user procts such as balance treasure, 12306 tickets purchase and so on.
in 2015, he served as the technical director of the solution team of ant financial services international business group, and led the implementation of billing solutions for overseas Ka merchants such as Uber, apple and Amazon
since 2016, I have been responsible for the architecture and technology of zhaocaibao and Yuebao in ant financial services wealth business group.

2.

The top five investment banks on Wall Street are Goldman Sachs, Morgan, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns

Goldman Sachs: Goldman Sachs was founded by German immigrant Marcus Goldman in 1869. From the 1890s to the first World War, the investment banking business began to take shape. It is one of the oldest and largest investment banks in the world

headquartered in New York, with branches in Tokyo, London and Hong Kong, it provides a wide range of investment, consulting and financial services to the world, and has a large number of multi instry customers, including private companies, financial enterprises, government agencies and indivials

Morgan: Morgan Stanley is an international financial services company established in New York, USA, which provides various financial services including securities, asset management, business merger and reorganization, credit card, etc. at present, it has representative offices in more than 600 cities in 27 countries, with a total number of employees of more than 50000

Merrill Lynch: Merrill Lynch is one of the most famous securities retailers and investment banks in the world, headquartered in New York, USA. As one of the largest financial management consulting companies in the world, it has a place in the financial world. The company occupies the entire 34th floor of the world financial center building in Manhattan

4. Lehman Brothers: one of the most powerful underwriters and dealers of stocks and bonds in the world. At the same time, the company also serves as an important financial adviser to many multinational companies and governments around the world, and has a number of internationally best analysts recognized by the instry

Bear Stearns: founded in 1923 and headquartered in New York, it is the fifth largest investment bank on Wall Street in the United States. It is one of the top 500 companies in the world. It is a leading financial service company in the world, providing services to governments, enterprises, institutions and indivials all over the world

extended information:

The Morgan consortium has a strong foundation in the financial instry. Its main pillar is J.P. Morgan. Morgan is one of the world's largest multinational banks, with 10 subsidiaries and many branches in China, as well as more than 1000 communication banks

it has branches or representative offices in about 20 big cities abroad, and owns equity in financial institutions in nearly 40 countries. Its operation is characterized by a large number of stock transactions and huge trust assets

It controls the equity of 37 foreign commercial banks, development banks, investment companies and other enterprises. In addition, there are manufacturers such as Hanover Corporation, New York banker's Trust Corporation, northwest Bank Corporation, Prudential Life Insurance Company and New York Life Insurance Company

in instrial and mining enterprises, there are International Business Machines Corporation, general electric company, international telephone and Telegraph Company, American steel company and general motors company; In the public sector, there are at & T and southern< strong>

3. Pij= π 2ei / L2 means that PIJ is equal to the square of 3.14 times the ratio of E and the square of I and L.
in the formula, PIJ is the critical force; E is the molus of elasticity; I is the moment of inertia
the size of critical force PIJ is related to the following factors:
1. Material of compression bar: the PIJ of steel column is larger than that of wood column, because the elastic molus E of steel column is larger
2. Shape and size of compression bar section: large section is not easy to lose stability, because the moment of inertia is large
3. Length of compression bar L: large length of compression bar, small critical force PIJ, easy to lose stability

4. In my book, I said that it is very difficult to calculate the milling force of general milling machines and cutters, and it is even more difficult to calculate accurately, which is often an estimation.

5.

1. Measure the power of the machine tool and calculate the cutting force

after measuring the power PE consumed by the machine tool motor in the cutting process with the power meter, the cutting power PM can be calculated according to the following formula:

PM = PE η M

when the cutting speed V is known, the cutting force F can be obtained by using PM. This method can only roughly estimate the cutting force, not accurate enough. When it is required to know the cutting force accurately, the dynamometer is usually used to measure directly

2

the measuring principle of the dynamometer is to read out the values of FZ, FX and FY by using the deformation caused by the cutting force acting on the elastic element of the dynamometer or the charge generated by the action on the piezoelectric crystal after conversion. In the automatic proction, the signal generated by the force sensing device can also be used to optimize and monitor the cutting process< According to the working principle of dynamometers, they can be divided into mechanical, hydraulic and electrical dynamometers. At present, resistance strain gauge dynamometer and piezoelectric dynamometer are commonly used

3. Computer aided test of cutting force


at present, people have accumulated a large number of experimental data of cutting force. For general machining methods, such as turning, hole machining and milling, empirical formulas have been established, which can be directly used. The commonly used empirical formulas can be divided into two categories: one is exponential formula, the other is calculated by unit cutting force

practice has proved that there are many factors affecting the cutting force, such as workpiece material, cutting parameters, tool geometry parameters, tool material, tool wear state and cutting fluid

6. If you take the technology of operation unsuitable, you think that there are rules. If the book can really turn these into figures, the essence of quantification is, so skilled workers will be not worth a hair. Boring machine's cutting experience is not regular, it is a process of experience accumulation.

7. The cutting force should be calculated according to the workpiece material, tool material, cutting speed, cutting depth, feed speed and other factors.

8. All the sources of cutting force, cutting force and its decomposition, cutting power research on cutting force is of great significance to further clarify the cutting mechanism, to calculate power consumption, to design tools, machine tools and fixtures, to formulate reasonable cutting parameters, to optimize tool geometric parameters, etc. When cutting metal, the cutting tool cuts into the workpiece and deforms the material to be machined, which is called cutting force. The cutting force comes from three aspects: overcoming the resistance of the material to elastic deformation; Overcome the resistance of the processed material to plastic deformation; It overcomes the friction between the chip and the rake face and the friction between the transition surface and the machined surface. Source of cutting force the sum of the above forces forms the resultant force fr (national standard is f) acting on the tool. For practical application, FR can be decomposed into three components: FX (national standard: FF), FY (national standard: FP) and FZ (national standard: FC). In turning: FZ -- cutting force or tangential force. It is tangent to the transition surface and perpendicular to the base surface. FZ is necessary to calculate the turning tool strength, design machine parts and determine the machine power. Fx awesome force, axial force or cutting force. It is a force in the base plane, parallel to the axis of the workpiece and opposite to the direction of the tool. FX is necessary to design the tool feed mechanism and calculate the tool feed power. FY -- cutting depth resistance, or back force, radial force and cutting force. It is a force in the base plane and perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. FY is used to determine the deflection of the workpiece, the strength of the machine parts and the turning tool related to the machining accuracy of the workpiece. It is related to the vibration of the workpiece in the cutting process. The power consumed by the resultant force and component force of cutting force in the cutting process is called cutting power PM (national standard is po). The cutting power is the sum of the power consumed by the force FZ and FX. Since there is no displacement in the FY direction, no power is consumed. So PM = (fzv + fxnwf / 1000) × 10-3 where: PM - cutting power (kw); FZ - cutting force (n); V - cutting speed (M / s); Fx awesome feed force (N); NW - rotational speed of workpiece (R / s); F - feed rate (mm / s). In the formula, the second term on the right of the equal sign is the power consumed in the feed movement, which is generally very small compared with the power consumed by F; So PM = fzv × 10-3 after calculating the cutting power according to the above formula, if the power of the machine motor (PE) is to be calculated so as to select the machine motor, the transmission efficiency of the machine tool should also be considered. PE≥ Pm/ η M where: η M - the transmission efficiency of the machine tool, generally 0.75-0.85. The large value is suitable for the new machine tool, and the small value is suitable for the old machine tool< 2. Measurement of cutting force and computer aided test of cutting force in practical proction, the size of cutting force is generally calculated by empirical formula based on experimental results. When we need to know the cutting force under certain cutting conditions more accurately, we also need to carry out the actual measurement. With the modernization of testing methods, the measurement method of cutting force has been greatly developed, and it has been able to measure cutting force accurately in many occasions. The measurement of cutting force has become an effective means to study cutting force. At present, the main measurement methods of cutting force are as follows: 1. Measure the power of the machine tool, calculate the cutting force, use the power meter to measure the power PE consumed by the machine tool motor in the cutting process, and then calculate the cutting power PM: PM = PE according to the following formula η When the cutting speed V is known, the cutting force F can be obtained by using PM. This method can only roughly estimate the cutting force, not accurate enough. When it is required to know the cutting force accurately, the dynamometer is usually used to measure directly. 2. Measuring cutting force with dynamometer. The measuring principle of dynamometer is to read out the values of FZ, FX and FY by using the deformation caused by cutting force acting on the elastic element of dynamometer or the charge generated by piezoelectric crystal after conversion. In the automatic proction, the signal generated by the force sensing device can also be used to optimize and monitor the cutting process. According to the working principle of dynamometers can be divided into mechanical, hydraulic and electrical dynamometers. At present, resistance strain gauge dynamometer and piezoelectric dynamometer are commonly used. 3. Computer aided test of cutting force 3. Empirical formula and estimation of cutting force at present, a large number of experimental data of cutting force have been accumulated. For general machining methods, such as turning, hole machining and milling, empirical formula which can be directly used has been established. The commonly used empirical formulas can be divided into two categories: one is exponential formula, the other is calculated by unit cutting force. Practice has proved that there are many factors affecting the cutting force, mainly including workpiece material, cutting parameters, tool geometry parameters, tool material, tool wear status and cutting fluid

9. Excuse me: the calculator on the 4th floor is included in the
collection of books and documents about cutting tools in China Machinery community. Would you please supplement and add them
if not, please add. I will add points! thank you!