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What is discrimination

Publish: 2021-03-31 21:43:26
1.

The common index of discrimination is D, which is between - 1 and 1. The greater the value is, the better the discrimination is. According to Abel, a surveyor,

the discrimination of the question is above 0.4, which indicates that the discrimination of the question is good,

0.3 ~ 0.39, which indicates that the discrimination of the question is good,

0.2 ~ 0.29, which indicates that the discrimination of the question is not good and needs to be modified, and

0.19, which indicates that the discrimination of the question is not good and should be eliminated

There are two methods to calculate the degree of discrimination: identification index method and correlation coefficient method. The difference of passing rate between the two groups with high and low total scores was compared

d = ph-p l

pH is the pass rate of high score group (27% of the highest score) and PL is the pass rate of low score group (27% of the lowest score). The pass rate is determined by calculating the correlation coefficient between the score of a certain item and the total score or standard score of the test. The greater the correlation, the higher the discrimination

(1) proct difference correlation

when the item and the total score of the test are scored by continuous scores, the proct difference correlation method can be used to calculate the item discrimination. The variable x is used to represent the students' score in a certain item, and the variable y is used to represent the students' total score in the test. The proct difference correlation coefficient can represent the discrimination value of the item

(2) point two column correlation

when items are scored by dichotomy and test scores are expressed by continuous scores, the discrimination can be calculated by point two column correlation formula

extended data

the degree of differentiation and difficulty are relative, which are for certain groups (absolute difficulty and differentiation do not exist). Generally speaking, the more difficult items are more discriminative to the high-level subjects, the easier items are more discriminative to the low-level subjects, and the moderately difficult items are more discriminative to the medium-level subjects

this is not contradictory to the statement that the items with medium difficulty have the highest differentiation, because the items with high or low level become medium difficulty. Because most of people's psychological characteristics are normally distributed

therefore, when people need to be differentiated to the greatest extent, the normal distribution of project difficulty is also better, that is, there are fewer topics that are particularly difficult and easy, more topics that are close to medium difficulty, and the average difficulty of all topics is 0.50

under what circumstances is the discrimination high? In other words, what kind of topics can best distinguish different levels of people? This leads to the second index of item evaluation: difficulty

The difficulty of

questions is too high, few people can answer correctly, most of the scores are very low; The difficulty is too low, few people will make mistakes, and the scores are distributed in the high end. Therefore, the subjects that are too difficult or too easy can not distinguish the indivials at different levels. Therefore, when the difficulty of the topic is medium, the discrimination is the highest

does a good test require all the questions to be of medium difficulty? Why are there any difficult or small questions in high-level tests such as the college entrance examination and the postgraate entrance examination? This is because in a test, if all the subjects are of medium difficulty, they will go to the other extreme, that is, they have the best discrimination for the middle-level people, but they can't make a good distinction between the high-level people and the low-level people

in short, different difficulty questions are different for different levels of people. In view of the fact that the ability distribution of all the subjects is usually normal, the difficulty distribution of the items in the test is also basically normal, that is, the difficulty, medium and easy are distributed, and the medium difficulty items are the most. Only in this way can we ensure that the whole test has high discrimination

2. 1. The so-called discrimination is equivalent to the required confidence interval. You can understand it as credibility. The corresponding confidence interval of the sampling scheme with high discrimination is relatively narrow, and the corresponding confidence interval of the sampling scheme with low discrimination is relatively large. For example, AQL 1.0 is not necessarily 1% in the strict sense. The corresponding disqualification rate may be 0.8-1.2 with high discrimination, The level of low discrimination may be 0.5-1.5, and there are statistical algorithms, and each sampling scheme has its corresponding confidence interval.
2. The number of samples required for high discrimination is more, while the number of samples required for low discrimination is less. It can be clearly understood from the statistical sense that the more samples you sample for the same batch of materials, the more you can represent the real level of this batch of materials, It's better to be low. You have to evaluate according to the proct and inspection cost
3. To improve political discrimination, we should have keen insight. Political acumen means that when the wrong tendency first appears, "the wind starts at the end of Qingping", we can see the essence of it. In particular, some acts that violate the fundamental interests of the people are often under the banner of "democracy" and "human rights", and some remarks that violate the Constitution and the law are often seemingly "objective" and "just", mixed up and difficult to identify. This requires insight into the essence through phenomena
to improve political discrimination, we should have rigorous analysis. That is, we should carefully identify and judge some "trendy" views and "fashionable" remarks, and never be confused by wrong and harmful things. As Mr. Lu Xun said, we should pursue the "taking doctrine", treat things historically and dialectically on the basis of "discrimination", critically inherit the positive aspects of foreign things, and eliminate the false and retain the true
to improve political discrimination, we should have scientific judgment. We must refute and stop erroneous views and trends of thought in the field of ideology and theory. We should observe and deal with problems from the perspective of the overall situation and make correct judgments. We should not regard academic problems as political problems and expand politics indefinitely; We can not simply regard political issues as academic issues and simply despise them.
4. Discrimination affects the HQ rate of collecting things, which can be improved by changing equipment or eating food or opening special effects
5. First of all, choose a good brand, quality, and performance, try to choose a small mouse, and then in the lower left corner icon control panel mouse according to their own needs
6. I read articles are generally high score group, low group do independent sample t test, the best answer I said I don't understand
7. One of the characteristics of the lillock series is that the pattern on the back cover of the watch is very clear. It's hand carved. We can't see it just by looking at the appearance. It's suggested that you go to the counter to identify whether or not the place where you buy the watch is a regular place. If you buy it online, you can rest assured that it's a super small chance. If the price is less than 3600, it's hard to say. The national unified price is now 420 There were 3950 before. You have to go to a professional maintenance center to identify it. We can't see it just by looking at the appearance
8. The leaders of the party and the state have elaborated on this issue. Politics is the commander and soul“ "Politics" is not the politics of the minority, but the politics of the proletariat and the masses. It emphasizes that we must stand on the position of the proletariat and the masses and adhere to the party's mass line; We must adhere to the correct political direction, which is unshakable after setbacks and waves; There must be correct political views. Without correct political views, there is no soul. He also elaborated on the issue that Communists should have political foresight and Marxist recognition. Combined with the reality of China's socialist construction in the new period, Deng emphasized that the socialist modernization construction must have a strong political guarantee and must adhere to the four basic principles. He regarded having ideals and stressing politics as the traditional advantages of the party, and pointed out that "we have to stress politics at any time.". He also warned that we should prevent the tendency to immerse ourselves in specific affairs and ignore political trends; We should learn the basic theory of Marxism and prevent the thought from vulgarization and getting lost in the increasingly complicated struggle. Jiang stressed that party members and cadres should pay attention to politics. He pointed out that "the core of stressing politics is to adhere to the correct political direction and political position". Some cadres lack e political discernment and political acumen, and can't distinguish right from wrong in principle. "The crux of the problem is that they don't stress politics, and they lack Marxism and socialist politics in their minds." He also elaborated the dialectical relationship and basic requirements of stressing learning, stressing politics and stressing healthy spirit with stressing politics as the core. Hu * * summed up the experience and lessons of the struggle in the ideological field, clarified the close relationship between the construction of ideological positions and social stability and the safety of political power, and demanded that the understanding of the seriousness of this problem be closely linked with the enhancement of political sensitivity and political discrimination. He pointed out: "the ideological field has always been an important position for fierce competition between hostile forces and us. If something goes wrong with this position, it may lead to social unrest or even the loss of political power."“ The grim facts tell us that in the process of concentrating on the modernization drive, all comrades in the party can't relax the political string for a moment. They should always adhere to the correct political direction, political stand, political viewpoint, and enhance their political discrimination and political acumen. " The rich and systematic thoughts of the party and state leaders on enhancing political discernment and political acuity provide ideological basis for the majority of Party members and cadres to understand what political discernment and political discernment are, and put forward clear requirements on how to enhance political discernment and political acuity. It can be said that enhancing political acumen and political discrimination is not only the content and requirement of stressing politics, but also the embodiment of political principles. It is the awareness and ability to observe the situation at home and abroad and solve various social problems from the overall political situation. Its essence is the recognition based on the Marxist scientific world outlook and the firm position of the proletariat and the people. Second, where should political acumen and discrimination be emphasized? The distinguishing power of Marxism, which is based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism, is of great importance to the Communists. So, where should it be embodied? From the practice and experience of Party building, we must keep a clear mind at least in the following aspects—— We should have a clear understanding of the fundamental trend of historical development and keep clear of our ideals and beliefs. Before the birth of Marxism, human beings had no ability to foresee and identify the development of social history. The founder of Marxism discovered historical materialism and surplus value theory, revealed the special law of capitalist mode of proction movement and the general law of human social development, demonstrated and clarified the historical transition of capitalism and the historical inevitability replaced by socialism and communism. 160 years after the birth of Marxism, the serious and profound international financial crisis and economic crisis still do not get rid of the logic of Marxist theory, falsifying the myth that capitalism is the "end of history" of mankind, and once again proving the correctness of Marxism. This kind of discernment and scientific foresight of Marx and Engels is certainly beyond the reach of ordinary people. However, according to their correct interpretation of social history, it is what the majority of Party members and cadres should and can do to grasp the regularity and establish the ideal and belief of socialism and communism from the seemingly complicated and chaotic state. The development of human history is like a long river marching forward in the surging and roaring. Despite the test of all kinds of wind waves and counter current whirlpool, as long as we can adhere to the correct ideals and beliefs and identify the wind direction, we can recognize the irreversible general trend of historical development. The distinguishing power of Marxism is the basic premise to keep the ideal and belief sober and firm. In various historical stages of combining Marxism with China's reality, the Communist Party of China has always guided party members and cadres to adhere to Marxist ideals and beliefs from the perspective of unifying the party's highest program with the lowest program, forming the party's traditional advantages in long-term practice. As Deng said, "our revolution and construction can not be won by material conditions alone. In the past, no matter how small and weak our party was, no matter what difficulties it encountered, it always had a strong fighting capacity, because we had the belief in Marxism and communism. ". He warned party members and cadres to be soberly aware that "this is our real advantage in the past, now and in the future" and that "in carrying out economic reform, we should still adhere to the socialist road and the lofty ideal of communism.". We should put the people in the highest position and maintain a clear sense of purpose and mass concept. Contrary to the old historical theory, Marxism sees that historical activities are the cause of the masses, and reveals the great truth that the masses are the creators of history for the first time from the complex interaction of various forces. The Chinese Communists, with Mao Zedong as the main representative, have established the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. They put "thinking of the masses everywhere, planning for the masses, and putting the interests of the masses first." they mentioned the political height of the fundamental difference between the Communist Party and other counter revolutionary parties, and required party members and cadres to have a high degree of political consciousness in the sense of purpose and the concept of the masses, To understand that the masses are the source of the party's strength and life, we should keenly observe the sufferings and aspirations of the masses, insist on coming from and going to the masses, and rely on and lead the masses to promote the progress of history. We should be good at observing the sufferings and aspirations of the masses from the overall political situation, and be keen to discover problems from the comments of the masses. Through the processing and proction of eliminating the false and retaining the true, eliminating the rough and extracting the essence, from the outside to the inside, and from one to the other, we can find the truth and put forward the principles and policies to solve problems. Today, we should draw lessons and sum up experience from the perspective of the unity of the distinguishing power of Marxism with the adherence to the party's mass line, and the unity of maintaining a clear sense of purpose and the masses' concept with the enhancement of political acumen and political discrimination. Leading cadres should insist on asking about the government, needs and plans of the people, so as to promote the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the masses—— Distinguish the important right and wrong in the ideological field and keep sober on the basic boundary. On the fundamental issues concerning the basic principles of Marxism and the direction of the road, we must take a clear-cut stand instead of being vague. Therefore, it is not only the need of our correct understanding, but also the need of guiding practice to distinguish some basic boundaries through identification. The founders of Marxism always drew a clear line with all kinds of idealism and metaphysics, with all kinds of schools of anti scientific socialism and all kinds of wrong thoughts, which became the cause for which Marx and Engels fought all their lives and an important part of their scientific thinking system. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee pointed out the problems faced by the party in the new period and under the new situation, such as the test of governance, the test of reform and opening up, the test of market economy and the test of external environment. It pointed out the long-term nature, complexity and severity of these tests, and proposed to the whole Party: we should strengthen ideological and political work, guide Party members and cadres to enhance their political sensitivity and discrimination, Consciously draw a clear distinction between Marxism and anti Marxism. Only by consciously drawing these boundaries can we truly uphold the ideals and beliefs of socialism and communism, truly represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, better adhere to the basic socialist system and the party's basic line, and comprehensively promote the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Third, the key to maintaining political acumen and political discrimination lies in the ideal and belief, the sense of purpose and the concept of the masses. We must see that there is a clear gap between the situation of our team and the requirements of the new situation, new tasks and the party. A few Party members and cadres have bred the tendency of non politicization and ideological vulgarization, lack of political acuity and political discrimination, and can not remain sober minded and firm in their principles, and have affected the advanced nature of the party. In particular, the lack of Marxist view of power of a small number of cadres deviates from the purpose of serving the people and the party's mass line on how to be a person, for whom to be an official and how to use power. Some are keen to pursue ostentatious achievements rather than practical things for the common people; Some of them are indifferent to the masses and have serious formalism and bureaucracy; Some officials have a strong sense of official standard, and take personal career promotion as their goal, and care about personal gains and losses regardless of the gains and losses of the party and the people; In some cases, the ideological line of defense completely collapsed, and money and power transactions were carried out, which seriously damaged the party's style. All kinds of phenomena that happen around the masses, such as using power for personal gain, competing with the people for profits, and harming the interests of the masses, some of which, although they do not constitute any major or important cases, have a bad impact. All kinds of negative corruption have tarnished the nature and purpose of the party, seriously damaged the flesh and blood ties between the party and the people, and hurt the feelings of the people towards the party. We must look at this issue from the political height which is related to the survival and development of the party and its survival. All Party members who are loyal, frank and honest should always be concerned about the party, fulfill the responsibility of invigorating the party, and fully realize the importance and urgency of carrying out the task of party management and strict governance in this regard. The first is to take in-depth study of Marxism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics as the fundamental measures to improve the ideological and political level, enhance political sensitivity and political discrimination. Marxism Leninism and Mao Zedong thought are the theoretical roots of the Communist Party of China, and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the latest theoretical achievement of the Sinicization of Marxism. Only by deeply studying the basic theory of Marxism, arming the mind with the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and thoroughly implementing the scientific outlook on development, can we firmly establish the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and fundamentally improve the ability of identification. The second is to combine the study of Marxist theory with the reality of all aspects, especially with the situation and problems on the ideological front. Deng Xiaoping once demanded that "Party committees at all levels, first of all, the main responsible comrades of Party committees, should pay close attention to and deeply study the situation and problems on the ideological front.".
9. Project discrimination is also called discrimination. In psychometrics edited by Jin Yu, East China Normal University Press, Chapter 7, Section 2, project discrimination. And there are examples. Hope to help you
10.

The 84% grade of Wechsler intelligence scale is lower than normal

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