Suanli daily report
EOS is a public chain system at the bottom of blockchain developed by block. One, which is specially designed to support decentralized application of Commerce, and its code is open source
bitcoin is called blockchain 1.0 because it opens up the world of digital cryptocurrency and takes a decisive step from 0 to 1
Ethereum is known as blockchain 2.0, because it provides Turing complete virtual machine that can run smart contracts, bringing unlimited possibilities
and EOS is called blockchain 3.0, why? Two words: performance
The positioning of EOS is the slogan of its home page:English: the most powerful infrastructure for decentralized applications
Chinese: the most powerful decentralized application infrastructure
EOS expects to be an enhanced version of Ethereum, a high-throughput intelligent contract platform
although Ethereum has complete functions, it is limited by its design choice. Due to the block output speed of 15 seconds, the transaction throughput is far from large-scale practical level, which is only about 30 ~ 40tps (transaction / s). EOS, on the other hand, has chosen a different technology route, with the goal of achieving a considerable million TPS, which is quite attractive considering visa's actual processing speed of 1700tps
consensus mechanism of EOS
the reason why the throughput of bitcoin and Ethereum is so low is that they are constrained by the application scenario they envision and the consensus mechanism they choose for the scenario - both of them assume that the environment in which the system runs is totally untrustworthy, so they both adopt the consensus mechanism of proof of work
consensus, as the name suggests, is to reach a unified understanding of something - for blockchain, something refers to the confirmation of the transaction - any node to submit a transaction needs everyone's approval
the pow mechanism currently adopted by bitcoin and Ethereum is the design of the legendary Nakamoto Tsung. Under this mechanism, in order to obtain the bookkeeping right and digital currency reward, miners need to constantly dig for the compliant hash value, and confirm and package the transaction data through the consensus of hash value. POW has no access threshold, and any node has equal rights to participate in bookkeeping. Of course, the probability of winning is related to computing power:
the price of ram is based on Bancor algorithm, that is, it is regulated by market supply and demand: if the supply of ram exceeds the demand, more EOS certificates are needed to buy ram, At this time, more EOS certificates can be obtained by selling ram
memory is a consuming resource, which cannot be redeemed and can only be bought and sold. Take the issue of currency on EOS as an example. At present, the issue of currency requires 20m of memory. An EOS can buy 20KB. According to the current storage price, issuing a currency will consume 1000 EOS. This is the source of EOS memory consumption
Course Overview
this course is for friends who are interested in the development of EOS decentralized application. The course covers the core concepts of EOS DAPP development, the development and deployment of smart contracts, and how the front page interacts with EOS blockchain. Finally, a complete DAPP development based on react and EOS is completed
Chapter 1: enter the world of EOS
to understand the core concepts of EOS, such as positioning and characteristics, consensus mechanism, payment computing model, etc
Chapter 2: Hi EOS
understand the overall framework of EOS node software and the functions of node server, wallet server and command-line tools, learn how to configure and start EOS node server and wallet server, and preliminarily understand the use of command-line tools
Chapter 3: wallet, key and account
understand the three core concepts related to personal identity in EOS: wallet, key and account, and learn how to use command-line tools to create wallet, key and account
Chapter 4: development and interaction of smart contracts
understand the concept and function of smart contracts, learn how to write and compile EOS smart contracts, and learn how to deploy and interact with contracts using command-line tools
understand the persistence mechanism of state in EOS smart contract, and learn to use multi index table to save contract state
Chapter 5: issue your own tokens
learn the principle and implementation mechanism of issuing tokens on EOS, and master how to use command-line tools to issue, transfer and view the balance of tokens through practical operation
Chapter 6: use code to interact with smart contract
understand the principle of interaction between application and EOS blockchain, and learn to use JSON RPC interface and eosjs encapsulation library to access EOS blockchain
Chapter 7: DAPP development of practical notes
comprehensively use EOS knowledge, use react to complete a decentralized application of EOS notes, and learn the complete process from requirement analysis to code implementation
The above course address is as follows: EOS tutorialalgorithm is a series of clear instructions to solve problems, that is to say, it can obtain the required output for a certain standard input in a limited time. If an algorithm is defective or not suitable for a problem, executing the algorithm will not solve the problem. Different algorithms may use different time, space or efficiency to complete the same task. The advantages and disadvantages of an algorithm can be measured by space complexity and time complexity. Algorithm engineers are people who use algorithms to deal with things< The average salary of data analysts is about ￥ 9086; The average salary level of Algorithm Engineer (yuan / month - pre tax) is about ￥ 1200
which is more difficult, data analyst or Algorithm Engineer? It can be seen from the above that algorithm engineers are more difficult to learn than data analysts. In addition, enterprises have high requirements for the skills of data analysts, and the specific requirements are as follows:
1. Understand business
if you are engaged in data analysis, you need to understand the business, that is, you should be familiar with the instry knowledge, company business and process, and you'd better have your own unique opinions. If you are divorced from the instry cognition and company business background, the analysis result will only be a kite without much use value
2. Understand management
on the one hand, it is required to build a data analysis framework. For example, to determine the analysis idea, we need to use marketing, management and other theoretical knowledge to guide. If we are not familiar with the management theory, it is difficult to build a data analysis framework, and the subsequent data analysis is also difficult. On the other hand, it puts forward some instructive suggestions for the conclusion of data analysis
3
grasp the basic principles of data analysis and some effective data analysis methods, and can be flexibly applied to practical work, so as to effectively carry out data analysis. The basic analysis methods are: comparative analysis, grouping analysis, cross analysis, structural analysis, funnel chart analysis, comprehensive evaluation analysis, factor analysis, matrix correlation analysis, etc. Advanced analysis methods include: correlation analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, correspondence analysis, time series, etc
4. Understand tools
common tools for data analysis. Data analysis method is theory, and data analysis tool is the tool to realize the theory of data analysis method. In the face of more and more huge data, we can't rely on calculator for analysis, we must rely on powerful data analysis tools to help us complete the data analysis work
5. Understand design
understanding design refers to the use of charts to effectively express data analysts' analysis views, so that the analysis results are clear at a glance. Chart design is a university question, such as the choice of graphics, layout design, color matching, etc., all need to master certain design principles. It plays an important role< Algorithm Engineers need to master skills
1. Programming: Python, Java, C
2. Data structure and algorithm
3. Machine learning algorithm
4. Paper reading ability
5. Wheel building ability
for Algorithm Engineers, the first difference from data mining engineers is the requirements for traditional algorithms and data structures. I'm not a computer science major. I didn't touch this one in my first year of work, and I never planned to learn it. When I first knew the data structure and algorithm, I went to an interview with a fluent English speaking company. At that time, the interviewer asked me to write the pseudo code of Fibonacci sequence, which I had never heard of. So the interviewer asked me to write about how to find the fastest median from a group of sequences. I was still at a loss because I used to use functions, I've never thought about the real way to achieve it. The interviewer was very confused and regretful and said to me on the spot: I think you may not be suitable for our position
data structure and algorithm should be necessary skills. Algorithm engineers should have a deep understanding of common knowledge points, and be able to flexibly select data institutions and algorithms when facing different project scenarios
the second point is machine learning algorithm, which is definitely much more demanding than previous data mining algorithms. In addition to the common machine learning algorithm can be pushed by hand, but also the algorithm itself has a more in-depth thinking. I remember when I interviewed Ali, the interviewer raised several questions, saying what would happen if the boosting algorithm used SVM instead of decision tree, or each iteration used different models, such as decision tree in the first iteration and SVM in the second iteration? The other is why the algorithms of logistic region don't use the methods of ADA and mone. Can they be used? What are the advantages and disadvantages.
features: multi warehouse, multi owner support system, fully support multi warehouse and multi owner management requirements. Through a set of system, it can quickly realize the centralized management of the warehouse network with customers distributed all over the country. And effectively for a large number of different owners to provide differentiated warehouse management services. Related warehouses can realize linkage operation to build an integrated logistics service system; Centralized deployment, global perspective, all kinds of business can be global grasp and local coordination, real-time view analysis, statistical reports
global inventory visualization: the system fully realizes the visibility of logistics global inventory, grasps all warehouse inventory through centralized management, and views the total amount and distribution of inventory from different angles, as well as planned in transit and actual in transit inventory. Realize accurate stock age management and inventory turnover control, and provide basis and support for the transfer between warehouses and the shift within the warehouse
powerful operation rule strategy: the system provides powerful on shelf strategy, picking strategy, replenishment strategy, wave strategy and inventory strategy; When the operation instruction arrives at the warehouse, the system can automatically prepare the execution plan according to the pre-determined strategy; On the basis of meeting all kinds of customer requirements (such as first in first out, last in first out, batch delivery, etc.), optimize the warehouse operation line, save the workload of forklift and operators, solve the operation bottleneck, and optimize the inventory layout
lean warehouse operation management: the system subdivides various operation modes in the warehouse according to the receiving, shelving, picking, delivery, shifting, counting, and in warehouse processing, and discharges them into the operation queue according to the tasks, and the operators in each area will automatically receive the operation tasks. Through RF mode or paper mode, the workload can be recorded, and piecework wage management and KPI assessment can be realized. Through the inventory log, the system records every system action and inventory change completely. When there is a shortage, it can be well documented. The system supports various special operation requirements such as partial receiving, partial picking, partial shipping, return and return
meticulous batch attribute management: in addition to distinguishing goods by owner and commodity code, the system provides 15 batch attributes, including packaging, specification, supplier, origin, color, batch, batch number, shelf life, etc. Can make up for the ERP system can not be detailed to distinguish between materials, and guide the shortcomings of the operation. Batch attributes provide warehouse managers with the means to manage the differences of the same material details
RF operation supporting telnet mode: the RF mole embedded in the system can realize paperless operation requirements of the warehouse, and greatly improve the accuracy and timeliness of inventory. Based on telnet protocol, Wei RF mole has many advantages, such as supporting enterprise centralized deployment, fast communication speed, low network requirements, compatible with all kinds of handheld terminal devices, easy software update and maintenance, etc
billing rule engine based on natural language: the logistics billing management of multi owner and multi format is flexible, and the billing rule engine based on natural language is used to solve this problem. The billing engine of Wei company supports the integrated design of TMS and WMS at the same time. Customers can define billing rules, fee types, multi-level rates, segmented billing and other complex models at will.
basic data: it mainly provides the division and setting of warehouses, storage areas and locations; It provides the settings of the owner, customer, carrier and other application entities, as well as the relevant address, contact information and some default data; Provides settings for goods, goods attributes, packaging, BOM components, etc; It provides rules setting of warehouse management, such as global parameter configuration, goods positioning and classification, warehouse location positioning and classification, shelving rules, picking rules, etc; It also provides the setup of basic data import model to facilitate the rapid import and verification of basic data
receipt management: the system supports the manual creation and import of receipt and Asn, and provides the functions of receipt printing and goods barcode printing. Support the pallet management, and complete the receiving operation according to the pre-defined loading rules
inventory management: inventory management is used for daily management of goods in the warehouse, including the functions of shifting, freezing, unfreezing, palletizing, unpacking, packing and inventory query; Through the corresponding policy setting, we can realize the functions of replenishment and processing in the warehouse
inventory management: the system supports the functions of full inventory and cycle inventory, open inventory and blind inventory. Cycle counting can be carried out by the way of owner, commodity, location, dynamic collision counting, etc. After counting, the system will automatically generate the difference report. Through the function of variance adjustment, the operator can adjust the inventory to match the account and the actual situation at the first time, and release the corresponding warehouse location, so as to minimize the impact on the warehouse operation. Then we can use the profit and loss adjustment function to solve the problem of goods shortage in the warehouse
shipment management: it supports both order picking and batch picking. It can not only automatically pick goods according to the shipping order, but also generate waves, make batch picking plan, and complete batch picking and secondary sorting according to the set picking rules. In addition, it also includes cross tally management, BOL shipping list and master BOL loading list management
settlement management: the system supports multi-party complex settlement systems. According to the area, weight, pallets and other calculation of power charges, handling charges, processing charges and other costs. Functions include: rule definition, rate maintenance, expense calculation, expense allocation, expense cancellation, manual entry of expense, etc
statistical analysis: it adopts the report tool of moistening and drying, with built-in daily reports: daily report of in and out storage, monthly report of in and out storage, account of in and out storage, inventory change log report and storage occupancy report. The report tool is flexible and convenient for enterprises to develop their own reports
system management: according to the three-level management mode of user, role and group. The role can be authorized from the two dimensions of menu permission and Data permission, and the authorization management can be carried out from the details to the function button level to meet the management needs of personnel at all levels.
Any enterprise, large or small, will have certain data. The performance, operation and other reports made by enterprises every day, whether paper or electronic, are all data. Correct data analysis can reflect the problems of operation, just as a helmsman relies on navigation. Data analysis is so important, how to carry out data analysis? The key point is that the whole process of data collection, data analysis and report generation is automatic, without human participation. For example, online CRM system, as long as the corresponding data, the system will automatically generate visual reports for enterprise personnel reference
1. Data collection
online CRM system can accumulate a large amount of customer data, including customer files, customer order accumulation, customer preference for information and so on. The system can accurately and comprehensively obtain customer information and potential customer information, conct centralized management of customer information, record the basic information of customers and the whole process of salesman follow-up in detail, and the salesman can also update in real time according to the actual changes
2. Sorting out data
sorting out data refers to classifying the collected data, counting the effective data and eliminating the invalid data. Online CRM system can effectively avoid invalid data and plicate data when data is entered, and the data can be entered according to the field, and can be filtered and queried according to the region and time
Analysis data analysis is a very important part of online CRM system. Enterprises can also customize the data to be analyzed according to their own main needs. The system automatically analyzes the data from multiple dimensions and aspects by selecting the keywords that need statistical analysis. Managers can get the business status of the enterprise and the characteristics of main customers from the results of data analysis, and then make adjustments to the enterprise's next planningthe future is the era of digital economy, the core competitiveness of enterprise management lies in whether it can process a large number of complex data through a certain amount of computing power. Choose an appropriate tool, start with business data, improve the basic statistical reporting system, process data in real time, predict and analyze, and guide the next step Related recommendation: how much cost can enterprises save by using CRM system
online CRM system can be seen as a database, which can analyze and process massive data and select useful data. Online CRM system can analyze the enterprise data from multiple dimensions and aspects, so that managers can get the business status of the enterprise and the characteristics of main customers from the results of data analysis, and then make adjustments to the next step of the enterprise planning, which is the gospel of the enterprise in the era of big data
Alibaba cloud, Huawei cloud, network, Tencent
Network: as a giant and instry leader of comprehensive search in China, it has a large amount of data, and has rich experience in natural language processing and machine deep learning4. Tencent: in the field of big data, Tencent is also an important force that can not be ignored, especially in the social field. Just thinking about the number of users of QQ and wechat, I feel terrible
big data is a treasure, and artificial intelligence is a craftsman. Big data makes it possible for us to collect huge amounts of information. Because of the vast data interaction and almost unlimited storage space, we no longer have to abandon those "seemingly useless" data because there is no place to put them
when more data becomes better, and mobile devices, wearable devices and all other devices become "interfaces" for data collection, we can make the ocean of data as vast as possible, because there are "all treasures" in it
here are some connections~< br /> http://play.cfan.com.cn/xx/iqcs/2007-07-27/1185522610d84564.shtml
http://jdxcb.sytu.e.cn/down/2007/1129/down_ 102.html
http://www.todaytest.com/Article/A/A04/200411/72.html
it's a very difficult logical reasoning problem. If you know the answer, say it
coins in the United States have denominations of 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents and 1 dollar
. Please go on to the text and challenge the limits of your logical reasoning
a small shop has just opened. There are only three male customers and one female owner in the shop. When the three men stood up to pay at the same time, the following situations occurred:
(1) each of the four men had at least one coin, but none of them was a coin with a face value of one cent or one dollar
(2) none of the four can break any coin
(3) a man named Lu has the largest bill amount, a man named Mo has the second, and a man named ned has the smallest bill amount
(4) no matter how much a man pays with his coins, the female shopkeeper can't find the change
(5) if the three men exchange their coins for each other, everyone can pay their bills without change
(6) after the three men made two equivalent exchanges, they found that none of the coins in their hands had the same denomination as the coins they had originally held
with the further development of things, the following situation appeared again:
(7) after paying the bill and two men left, the men left bought some candy. The man could have paid with the coins left in his hand, but the woman shopkeeper couldn't get the change with the coins she now holds
(8) so the man paid for the candy with a dollar bill, but now the woman owner has to give him all her
coins
now, please don't worry about how the female shopkeeper had trouble finding change that day. Which of the three men paid for the candy with a $1 note?
1. Recognize the importance of numbers "in the business world, numbers are very important." This sentence seems abstract, but it is very true. Numbers are like medical checklists, which are the results of actions and tools for evaluation; Numbers are also like dashboards, which can guide the direction and predict the future
The number is an important basis for communication, persuasion and negotiation. For example, if you want to apply for additional equipment, try adding "how much money can be saved in the total cost", and let the number speak for you, maybe you can improve the probability of passing When evaluating or analyzing any situation, try to digitize it. Simple and clear figures are very helpful to record, convey information, compare, review and analyze business behaviors. It's like learning to be a person who "values the amount of money". Everything is not judged by feelings (feelings, impressions, good and evil), but by "amount", "number" and "ratio"for example, if you think that holding promotional activities can enhance the popularity of procts, try to convert the popularity into "amount"
When PDC cycle is applied to work, before any action is taken, plan should be drawn up, then do should be carried out, and then check the gap between the result and the plan as a reference for corrective action When faced with complex problems, we can use the matrix diagram to explore the undetected problems, and then develop countermeasures according to the urgency and importance of the problems With the concept of time, it is assumed that company a can handle 1 unit of workload in one hour, while company B can handle 10 units in one hour. This 10 times difference can be converted into the workload of company B in one year, and company a will take 10 years. Time can be converted into money, efficiency and speed. Therefore, people with digital power will not waste their time, but also be punctual and trustworthy Effective use of funds to play the value of money, it must be before the use of money, forecast the effect or benefit, after the use of more detailed confirmation. In daily life, all things must be considered in the way of "profit and loss calculation" Develop the habit of calculating (total value), many people have similar experience, that is, the wrong number is often like a snowball, the registration of purchase quantity, sales volume or inventory quantity, sometimes if an item goes wrong, it will go wrong all the time. Therefore, for figures or amounts in the chart, it is customary to add them up, which is convenient for us to determine the priority according to the degree of importance in the overall control9. Digitize all the goals. Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan, once said, "I can't implement goals that can't be digitized."
sometimes, the vision or task of an organization is more abstract, so it needs to be implemented into specific figures to implement and evaluate. For example, the goal of "expanding contacts" can be transformed into "exchange 30 business cards with people every month and keep in touch with 5 of them in the future", or "strengthen advertising activities" can be transformed into "publicize to 15 media and reach 8 real publications"
if the goal is more ambitious, it is better to divide it into three stages: short range, medium range and long range, and then decide the goal to be achieved in each period. This process is the so-called "backward calculation", that is, in order to achieve the long-range goal, to calculate back what should be done in the medium and short range, or even what should be done in the near this month, this week or now, as the check point to achieve the goal
In ancient Chinese thought, 3 is the cardinal number and 9 is the extreme number. In addition to 5 and 3, 9, 12 also plays an important role in ancient culture. In our life, in addition to the five elements, five flavors, five zang organs, five colors and other materials related to 5, there are also many materials related to 12, such as 12 zodiac, 12 hour, 12 hour, 12 hour 12 months...this idea has been fully reflected in mahjong, 144 is the square of 12, 108 is also a multiple of 12. In addition, in the rules of mahjong, it is stipulated that each player plays 13 cards, and 13 times 4 equals 52, which coincides with the rule of 52 weeks in a year. It reflects the existing form of matter, while numbers represent the quantity of matter
a data feature in the process of calculation, represented by binary digits (zero and one). The expression depends on the relationship between it and some special numbers. Such as... 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, etc
The binary expression of 9 is 1001. Because it has an 8 and a 1this is easy to verify, because we seldom hear that the God of management is a mathematician. On the contrary, we often hear that outstanding business people who have not read any books are familiar with the financial report figures. In the workplace, we will see a lot of figures, but we don't have to calculate them. The key is to have a "feeling" about the figures. Maybe it's too abstract. To be more specific, we should establish a set of criteria for judging the truth reflected by the numbers in our hearts, based on our own professional and experience, and then act accordingly. The following 20 figures are not only ideas, but also habits. If you find that you already have most of them one by one, congratulations. But if you find that you are missing many items, don't think you are a "digital idiot", because they are not difficult to learn< Recognizing the importance of numbers "in the business world, numbers are very important." This sentence seems abstract, but it is very true. Numbers are like medical checklists, which are the results of actions and tools for evaluation; Numbers are also like dashboards, which can guide the direction and predict the future
2. Develop the habit of attaching data and reference materials to everything. Numbers are an important basis for communication, persuasion and negotiation. For example, if you want to apply for additional equipment, try adding "how much money can be saved in the total cost", and let the number speak for you, maybe you can improve the probability of passing
3. When evaluating or analyzing any situation, try to digitize it. Simple and clear figures are very helpful to record, convey information, compare, review and analyze business behaviors. It's like learning to be a person who "values the amount of money". Everything is not judged by feelings (feelings, impressions, good and evil), but by "amount", "number" and "ratio". For example, if you think that holding promotional activities can enhance the popularity of a proct, try to convert the popularity into "amount"
4. Apply PDC cycle to work. Before any action is taken, plan should be drawn up, then do should be carried out, and then check the gap between the result and the plan as a reference for corrective action
5. We often think about problems with matrix diagram. When facing complex problems, we can expand them with matrix diagram, from which we can find out the problems that have not been found, and then develop countermeasures according to the urgency and importance of the problems
6. With the concept of time, it is assumed that company a can handle 1 unit of work in 1 hour, while company B can handle 10 units in 1 hour. This 10 times difference can be converted into the workload handled by company B in 1 year, and company a will take 10 years. Time can be converted into money, efficiency and speed. Therefore, people with digital power will not waste their time, but also be punctual and trustworthy
7. Effective use of funds to give play to the value of money, we must predict the effect or benefit before using money, and confirm it in detail after using it. In daily life, all things must be considered in the way of "profit and loss calculation"
8. Develop the habit of calculating (total value). Many people have similar experience, that is, the wrong number is often like a snowball, and sometimes the registration of purchase quantity, sales volume or inventory quantity is the same as if an item is wrong all the time. Therefore, for figures or amounts in the chart, it is customary to add them up, which is convenient for us to determine the priority according to the degree of importance in the overall control
9. Digitize all goals. Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan, once said, "I can't implement goals that can't be digitized." Sometimes, the vision or task of an organization is more abstract, so it needs to be implemented into specific figures to implement and evaluate. For example, the goal of "expanding contacts" can be transformed into "exchange 30 business cards with people every month and keep in touch with 5 of them in the future", or "strengthen advertising activities" can be transformed into "publicize to 15 media and reach 8 real publications"
if the goal is ambitious, it is better to divide it into three stages: short range, medium range and long range, and then decide the goal to be achieved in each period. This process is the so-called "backward calculation", that is, in order to achieve the long-range goal, to calculate back what should be done in the medium and short range, or even what should be done in the near this month, this week or now, as the check point to achieve the goal
10. To find out the cause of the number error, we should not correct the number error, but explore the cause of the error, and put forward the countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of the error
11. Keep the record of number correction. After correcting the wrong number, the original (wrong) number should still be retained. On the one hand, it can be used to review the original reason of the correction process in the future, and on the other hand, it can be used as an important check point, because the corrected number may still be wrong. Therefore, "record modification" can be used as an important reminder of prudent calculation
12. Keep abreast of the latest data at any time. Outdated data is not only meaningless, but also misleading. Therefore, we must process the data quickly and correctly, and update the digital records to the latest data at any time
13. Numbers are double-edged. Although numbers are powerful tools for communication and persuasion, if they are maliciously distorted, they will become a tool for fraud. Many corporate fraud cases are caused by tampering with financial figures, trying to deceive the audience
14. Calculate meeting costs and examine the relationship between expenses and results. Andy Grove, chairman of Intel, once wrote "manager's hourly salary" as a reference × The "meeting hours" is used to calculate the cost of the meeting, so as to show that the meeting must be efficient and concrete, otherwise it will be a waste of manpower and resources. In other words, the higher the rank of participants, the larger the number of participants and the longer the hours, the higher the cost of the meeting. If the cost of the meeting is lower than the recovery result, there is no need for the meeting
15. It is a good method to calculate the cost of each department of the company, because all walks of life and departments within the organization have to do cost control. Cost can determine the selling price of a proct (cost + profit = selling price). Through the analysis of cost content, it is helpful to understand which projects are too expensive or inefficient
16. Understand the company's basic profit and loss, and know the problem. The most basic principle of accounting is simple subtraction: profit (loss) = turnover expense; Cash = income expenditure. Knowing this simple formula, you can feel the difference between the reality and the enterprise, and find the key to why the enterprise is losing money. If an enterprise wants to increase its profit, the only way is to increase its income and rece its expenses. However, if the two become negative after subtracting, it will lose money. Although this simplifies the company's profit and loss structure, it can be used as a starting point and clue for thinking. For example, if the company doesn't make money, but it will still proce expenses, what expenses can be reced in order not to expand the losses, and then it can devise countermeasures and take actions
17. When making major investment decisions, we can evaluate the benefits and risks. Whether it is equipment investment or other major investment plans, we should at least estimate the optimistic and pessimistic situation when estimating the income and cash flow. In the end, when making judgments, we usually make decisions based on the latter to prepare for failure (the biggest loss is this degree)
18. Analyzing the company's financial statements from the perspective of the operator is not only to understand all kinds of financial indicators, but also to be able to see the management implications behind and find out the company's strengths and weaknesses. The basic skill to understand the financial report is not to "read", but to "find out" the key figures in the financial report. The most important thing is "comparison", because comparison and competition are two sides of the same body. We should not only compare the company's financial reports in the past year, but also compare the important figures of competitors or other instries
19. We have a basic understanding of the company's tax revenue. We will haggle over which of our own income can be reced or not be taxed, and we should hold the same attitude towards the company
20. Figures are not absolute figures. They are final accounts or estimated values or assumptions, but they are not absolute standards. For example, we all know that people with high IQ are not necessarily outstanding workers, and other personality traits should be taken into account. Therefore, people who really have the power of numbers will not put the power of numbers on the outline indefinitely. On the contrary, they know that numbers have their limitations