What is purchasing power
Publish: 2021-04-01 16:40:31
1. B..
calculation method: the total price of goods (100 billion) divided by the number of currency circulation (2 times) = the amount of money needed in circulation (50 billion)
the amount of money circulation is 50 billion.
the amount of money circulation in the title is 50 billion, which is the same as the amount of money circulation needed. The purchasing power is 1 yuan.
well, it seems that it is very confusing
let's put it this way The issue of 100 billion currency is twice the amount of money issued this time. Then the answer is 500 (required issue) / 1000 (actual issue) = 0.5
calculation method: the total price of goods (100 billion) divided by the number of currency circulation (2 times) = the amount of money needed in circulation (50 billion)
the amount of money circulation is 50 billion.
the amount of money circulation in the title is 50 billion, which is the same as the amount of money circulation needed. The purchasing power is 1 yuan.
well, it seems that it is very confusing
let's put it this way The issue of 100 billion currency is twice the amount of money issued this time. Then the answer is 500 (required issue) / 1000 (actual issue) = 0.5
2. The sum of principal and interest can be obtained on the maturity date of deposit, which is 41000 yuan. But at that time, e to the decline of money purchasing power e to inflation, the calculation formula of money purchasing power is: money purchasing power index = 1 / CPI. Assuming that the money purchasing power in 2010 is 1, then the money purchasing power at maturity is 1 / 1.033, so 41000 * (1 / 1.033) = 39690
3. The purchasing power index method, also known as "multi factor index method", refers to the method of estimating the market potential with the help of various indexes related to regional purchasing power (such as the percentage of regional purchasing power in the total purchasing power of the country, the percentage of indivial disposable income of the region in the country, the percentage of retail sales of the region in the country, and the percentage of population living in the region in the country, etc.)
Xiling company has sales offices in a, B, C and D provinces of China, through which refrigerators are sold to the whole country. The total national planned sales of refrigerators of the company in the coming year has been determined to be 156000 yuan. Please allocate it to each province according to the purchasing power index (take one decimal place as the percentage) (take thousand yuan as the unit, take one decimal place). The model for calculating the purchasing power index and the relevant forecast data of each province are as follows
Bi = 0.7yi + 0.2ri + 0.1pi
where: Bi -- the percentage of purchasing power of region I in the total purchasing power of the country
Yi -- the percentage of disposable personal income in the whole country
RI -- the percentage of regional retail sales in the whole country
pi the percentage of population in the whole country
Table 1
province
disposable personal income (million yuan)
retail sales (million yuan)
population (million people)
a 25200 20000 12.6
b 15680 10400 8.4
C 9500 5400 5.7
D 6820 4200 3.3
National 57200 40000 30.0
solution (1) according to the condition list 2 given in Table 1, Ask Yi, RI PI
Table 2
province
disposable personal income (million yuan)
Yi
retail sales (million yuan)
RI
population (million people)
pi
a 25200 44.1% 20000 50% 12.6 42%
b 15680 27.4% 10400 26% 8.4 28%
C 9500 16.6% 5400 13.5% 5.7 19%
d 6820 11.9% 4200 10.5% 3.3 11%
57200 100% 40000 100% 30 100%
(2) calculate the purchasing power index of each province:
purchasing power index of a province
purchasing power index of B province
purchasing power index of C province
purchasing power index of D province
(3) distribute the total planned sales of refrigerators to each province:
a province Refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
b province refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
C province refrigerator sales potential (dry yuan)
d province refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
use purchasing power index method for sales forecast. It must be pointed out that no matter how the purchasing power index is calculated, it can only reflect the total sales opportunities of all companies procing similar procts, not the sales opportunities of a certain company. A company's marketing efforts and competition intensity in different regions are different. Therefore, when using the purchasing power index, the index of some regions should be slightly adjusted according to the specific situation. For example, the purchasing power index can be increased in areas where the company has made great efforts to promote sales and encountered weak competition; On the contrary, lower it; But the sum of the regional indices must remain at 100%.
Xiling company has sales offices in a, B, C and D provinces of China, through which refrigerators are sold to the whole country. The total national planned sales of refrigerators of the company in the coming year has been determined to be 156000 yuan. Please allocate it to each province according to the purchasing power index (take one decimal place as the percentage) (take thousand yuan as the unit, take one decimal place). The model for calculating the purchasing power index and the relevant forecast data of each province are as follows
Bi = 0.7yi + 0.2ri + 0.1pi
where: Bi -- the percentage of purchasing power of region I in the total purchasing power of the country
Yi -- the percentage of disposable personal income in the whole country
RI -- the percentage of regional retail sales in the whole country
pi the percentage of population in the whole country
Table 1
province
disposable personal income (million yuan)
retail sales (million yuan)
population (million people)
a 25200 20000 12.6
b 15680 10400 8.4
C 9500 5400 5.7
D 6820 4200 3.3
National 57200 40000 30.0
solution (1) according to the condition list 2 given in Table 1, Ask Yi, RI PI
Table 2
province
disposable personal income (million yuan)
Yi
retail sales (million yuan)
RI
population (million people)
pi
a 25200 44.1% 20000 50% 12.6 42%
b 15680 27.4% 10400 26% 8.4 28%
C 9500 16.6% 5400 13.5% 5.7 19%
d 6820 11.9% 4200 10.5% 3.3 11%
57200 100% 40000 100% 30 100%
(2) calculate the purchasing power index of each province:
purchasing power index of a province
purchasing power index of B province
purchasing power index of C province
purchasing power index of D province
(3) distribute the total planned sales of refrigerators to each province:
a province Refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
b province refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
C province refrigerator sales potential (dry yuan)
d province refrigerator sales potential (thousand yuan)
use purchasing power index method for sales forecast. It must be pointed out that no matter how the purchasing power index is calculated, it can only reflect the total sales opportunities of all companies procing similar procts, not the sales opportunities of a certain company. A company's marketing efforts and competition intensity in different regions are different. Therefore, when using the purchasing power index, the index of some regions should be slightly adjusted according to the specific situation. For example, the purchasing power index can be increased in areas where the company has made great efforts to promote sales and encountered weak competition; On the contrary, lower it; But the sum of the regional indices must remain at 100%.
4. There are two kinds: absolute purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity
absolute purchasing power parity
refers to the equilibrium exchange rate between domestic and foreign currencies, which is equal to the ratio of purchasing power or price level of domestic and foreign currencies. If RA is the exchange rate of domestic currency to foreign currency, PN is the domestic price index, and Pb is the foreign price index,
RA = PA / Pb or PA = Pb * RA
absolute purchasing power parity is static because it is determined by the exchange rate at a certain time point
relative purchasing power parity
from a dynamic point of view, it is considered that the relative change of the purchasing power of different countries' currencies is the decisive factor of exchange rate change. If ro represents the exchange rate of the domestic base period, RT represents the exchange rate after time change, PA (o) and PA (T) represent the domestic base period and the price index after time change, Pb (o) and Pb (T) represent the foreign base period and the price index after time change, then
RT / Ro = PA (T) Pb (o) / Pb (T) Pb (o)
absolute purchasing power parity
refers to the equilibrium exchange rate between domestic and foreign currencies, which is equal to the ratio of purchasing power or price level of domestic and foreign currencies. If RA is the exchange rate of domestic currency to foreign currency, PN is the domestic price index, and Pb is the foreign price index,
RA = PA / Pb or PA = Pb * RA
absolute purchasing power parity is static because it is determined by the exchange rate at a certain time point
relative purchasing power parity
from a dynamic point of view, it is considered that the relative change of the purchasing power of different countries' currencies is the decisive factor of exchange rate change. If ro represents the exchange rate of the domestic base period, RT represents the exchange rate after time change, PA (o) and PA (T) represent the domestic base period and the price index after time change, Pb (o) and Pb (T) represent the foreign base period and the price index after time change, then
RT / Ro = PA (T) Pb (o) / Pb (T) Pb (o)
5. Usually, purchasing power is calculated according to the per capita GDP of a place,
if you want to know the purchasing power of students in a university,
it is suggested that you go to the supermarket door to have a look at the things that they all consume and like
then, how much cash can the cashier receive in a day on average
it's better for you to have a deep understanding
if you want to know the purchasing power of students in a university,
it is suggested that you go to the supermarket door to have a look at the things that they all consume and like
then, how much cash can the cashier receive in a day on average
it's better for you to have a deep understanding
6. Hypothesis: in China, buy a dozen (10 per plan) meat buns, the unit price is 5 yuan, equivalent to US $0.64; In Japan, buy a dozen meat buns, the unit price is 1100 yen, equivalent to US $9.17; In the United States to buy a dozen meat mplings, the unit price is $5
in order to easily compare the purchasing power of countries in the world, the US dollar system is generally adopted at present<
If:
the United States sells 4 million dozen meat buns a day, and its GDP of purchasing power meat buns is US $20 million
Japan sells 1 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 9.17 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is only 25% of that of the United States, so it is only 5 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns
China sells 30 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 19.2 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is 7.5 times that of the United States, so it should be 150 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns< According to the IMF's report in September 2006, the world's top four purchasing power GDP in 2005:
1
2. China is 9412.4 billion US dollars, the second largest in the world
3. Japan is the third largest country in the world with 3910.7 billion US dollars
4. India ranks fourth in the world with us $3633.4 billion
from the above data, in terms of total purchasing power GDP, China has left Japan far behind India, which is 2.59 times that of India and 2.41 times that of Japan. Compared with the United States, it is rapidly approaching, which is 76.66% of the United States
although the data for 2006 are not available yet, according to the preliminary statistics of the China Bureau of statistics, the real growth rate is 10.7%, while the nominal growth rate is 15%. Therefore, it can be predicted that China's total purchasing power GDP in 2006 will exceed US $10500 billion, which will reach more than 82% of that of the United States, further widening the gap with Japan and India< It is further predicted that China's purchasing power GDP in 2010 will exceed that of the United States
here, compare the total purchasing power GDP of Japan and India
in 2005, Japan's total purchasing power GDP was only 7.6% higher than India's, while India's real economic growth in 2006 was more than 9%, while Japan's was only 2%. Therefore, India's GDP in 2006 may surpass Japan's and rank third in the world
in order to easily compare the purchasing power of countries in the world, the US dollar system is generally adopted at present<
If:
the United States sells 4 million dozen meat buns a day, and its GDP of purchasing power meat buns is US $20 million
Japan sells 1 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 9.17 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is only 25% of that of the United States, so it is only 5 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns
China sells 30 million dozen meat buns a day, and the actual GDP of meat buns at current price is 19.2 million US dollars. However, compared with the United States, the actual consumption of meat buns is 7.5 times that of the United States, so it should be 150 million US dollars when converted into GDP of purchasing power meat buns< According to the IMF's report in September 2006, the world's top four purchasing power GDP in 2005:
1
2. China is 9412.4 billion US dollars, the second largest in the world
3. Japan is the third largest country in the world with 3910.7 billion US dollars
4. India ranks fourth in the world with us $3633.4 billion
from the above data, in terms of total purchasing power GDP, China has left Japan far behind India, which is 2.59 times that of India and 2.41 times that of Japan. Compared with the United States, it is rapidly approaching, which is 76.66% of the United States
although the data for 2006 are not available yet, according to the preliminary statistics of the China Bureau of statistics, the real growth rate is 10.7%, while the nominal growth rate is 15%. Therefore, it can be predicted that China's total purchasing power GDP in 2006 will exceed US $10500 billion, which will reach more than 82% of that of the United States, further widening the gap with Japan and India< It is further predicted that China's purchasing power GDP in 2010 will exceed that of the United States
here, compare the total purchasing power GDP of Japan and India
in 2005, Japan's total purchasing power GDP was only 7.6% higher than India's, while India's real economic growth in 2006 was more than 9%, while Japan's was only 2%. Therefore, India's GDP in 2006 may surpass Japan's and rank third in the world
7. The calculation method is the same as that of GDP calculated by exchange rate, but the currency needs to be revalued, and the currency needs to be re measured by real parity purchasing power. For example, if the exchange rate between us dollar and RMB is 6:1, China's GDP in 2013 is about 9 trillion yuan, but the real purchasing power of RMB is relatively high. If the real purchasing power is 4:1, China's GDP is about 12 trillion yuan.
8. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was proposed by Gustav Kassel, a Swedish economist. Purchasing power parity (PPP) refers to that the exchange rate between two currencies is determined by the proportion of their purchasing power per unit currency
the principle of consistency between price data and GDP expenditure data
as the same measurement factor of international comparison of GDP, the price must be consistent with the valuation of various expenditure components of GDP, especially with the valuation of rent, health care, ecation and other non market service expenditure items. In this way, the purchasing power parity obtained through price comparison can completely eliminate the influence of price factors and truly reflect the actual volume. Otherwise, the quantity comparison of GDP converted by purchasing power parity is still affected by some price factors, which will overestimate or underestimate the scale and level of real GDP< The specific method can be divided into three steps:
the first step is to calculate the price ratio of each commodity and service between the comparison countries
the second step is to calculate the price ratio under each basic expenditure category between the comparison countries, namely basic parity. It is the geometric average of the price ratio of each commodity or service under the basic classification. In multilateral comparison, eks method and CPD method are mainly used
the third step is to calculate the comprehensive purchasing power parity above the basic expenditure classification among the comparison countries. It is based on the proportion of GDP basic expenditure classification as the weight, using the Laplace, parsley and Fisher index formula to achieve the weighted average of the basic parity.
the principle of consistency between price data and GDP expenditure data
as the same measurement factor of international comparison of GDP, the price must be consistent with the valuation of various expenditure components of GDP, especially with the valuation of rent, health care, ecation and other non market service expenditure items. In this way, the purchasing power parity obtained through price comparison can completely eliminate the influence of price factors and truly reflect the actual volume. Otherwise, the quantity comparison of GDP converted by purchasing power parity is still affected by some price factors, which will overestimate or underestimate the scale and level of real GDP< The specific method can be divided into three steps:
the first step is to calculate the price ratio of each commodity and service between the comparison countries
the second step is to calculate the price ratio under each basic expenditure category between the comparison countries, namely basic parity. It is the geometric average of the price ratio of each commodity or service under the basic classification. In multilateral comparison, eks method and CPD method are mainly used
the third step is to calculate the comprehensive purchasing power parity above the basic expenditure classification among the comparison countries. It is based on the proportion of GDP basic expenditure classification as the weight, using the Laplace, parsley and Fisher index formula to achieve the weighted average of the basic parity.
9. The nth power of 1000 / (1 + B-A)
10. For example: suppose that the inflation rate is 3%, that is to say, RMB 10000 should have been issued, but RMB 10300 was actually issued. The currency symbol is not equal to the supply and demand of equivalent procts. At this time, RMB 10000 is only equivalent to the original purchasing power of RMB 10000 / 10300 * 10000 = 9708.737864
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