CNC computing power Era
Publish: 2021-04-04 23:39:26
1. Numerical control (NC) technology refers to the use of digital instructions composed of numbers, words and symbols to realize the action control of one or more mechanical equipment. Numerical control generally uses general-purpose or special-purpose computer to realize digital program control, so numerical control is also known as computerized numerical control (CNC), referred to as CNC, foreign countries are generally known as CNC, rarely use the concept of NC. It usually controls mechanical quantities such as position, angle and speed, as well as switching quantities related to the flow direction of mechanical energy. The generation of NC depends on the appearance of data carrier and binary data operation of NC machine tool (2 pieces)
in 1908, the perforated sheet metal interchangeable data carrier came out
at the end of the 19th century, the paper-based control system with auxiliary functions was invented
in 1938, Shannon carried out data fast calculation and transmission at MIT, which laid the foundation of modern computer, including computer digital control system. Numerical control technology is closely combined with machine tool control
in 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of world machinery instry and promoted the development of automation.
in 1908, the perforated sheet metal interchangeable data carrier came out
at the end of the 19th century, the paper-based control system with auxiliary functions was invented
in 1938, Shannon carried out data fast calculation and transmission at MIT, which laid the foundation of modern computer, including computer digital control system. Numerical control technology is closely combined with machine tool control
in 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of world machinery instry and promoted the development of automation.
2.
In 1957, it was officially put into use in the United States. It is a three coordinate CNC milling machine refitted for large vertical profiling milling machine
The introction of numerical control machine tool: the numerical control machine tool is a kind of machine tool which uses the information (program instruction) in the form of digital code to control the tool to process automatically according to the given working program, movement speed and trajectory, referred to as numerical control machine tool Characteristics: CNC machine tool has a wide range of adaptability, only need to change the input program instructions when the processing object changes; The machining performance is higher than that of general automatic machine tools, which can accurately process complex surface. Therefore, it is suitable for processing small and medium batch workpieces with frequent modification, high accuracy and complex shape, and can obtain good economic results 3. Development direction: in the future, the types of CNC machine tools will be more diversified, and there will be more and more varieties of CNC machine tools with multi process centralized processing; Laser processing and other technologies will be applied to cutting machine tools, so as to expand the scope of multi process concentration; The degree of automation of CNC machine tools is more improved, and has a variety of monitoring functions, so as to form a flexible manufacturing cell, which is more convenient to be incorporated into the highly automated flexible manufacturing system3. CNC (numerical control machine tool) is the abbreviation of computer number control machine tool. It is an automatic machine tool with program control system. The control system can logically process and decode the program with control code or other symbolic instructions, so that the machine can move and process parts
related links:
the control unit of NC machine tool
the operation and monitoring of NC machine tool are all completed in this NC unit, which is the brain of NC machine tool< Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:
● high machining accuracy and stable machining quality
● it can carry out multi coordinate linkage and process complex parts
● when machining parts are changed, generally only the NC program needs to be changed, which can save proction preparation time
● the machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing amount, with high proctivity (generally 3-5 times of that of ordinary machine tool)
● the machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can rece the labor intensity
● it requires higher quality of operators and higher technical requirements of maintenance personnel< In general, CNC machine tools are composed of the following parts:
● host, which is the theme of CNC machine tools, including machine body, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is used to complete all kinds of cutting machine parts
● the numerical control device is the core of the numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, tape reader, etc.) and corresponding software, which is used to input digital part program, complete input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operation and realize various control functions
● driving device, which is the driving component of CNC machine tool actuator, including spindle driving unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. Under the control of the numerical control device, he realizes the spindle and feed drive through the electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When several feed linkage, can complete the positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve processing
● auxiliary device, some necessary supporting parts of index control machine tool, to ensure the operation of CNC machine tool, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic device, chip removal device, exchange table, numerical control turntable, numerical control dividing head, cutting tool, monitoring and detection device, etc
● programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine< Since MIT developed the first CNC machine tool in the world in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in manufacturing instry, especially in automobile, aerospace and military instry, and CNC technology has developed rapidly both in hardware and software<
machining center
machining center is a highly automatic multi-function CNC machine tool with tool magazine and automatic tool changing device. After the workpiece is clamped on the machining center once, it can complete a variety of processes for more than two surfaces, and has a variety of tool changing or tool selection functions, so that the proction efficiency is greatly improved
machining centers can be divided into boring milling and turning according to their processing proceres, and can be divided into three axis, four axis and five axis machining centers according to the number of control axes
+ + +
CNC
the enterprise logo of China Netcom Group (hereinafter referred to as "China Netcom Group") is composed of two parts: text and graphics, which has distinctive characteristics of the times and Instry. Two interactive English letter "C" in the logo forms a virtual "n", It is not only the abbreviation of China Netcom, but also the freehand form of Chinese "net", which vividly transforms the characteristics of communication and interaction in the telecommunications instry into a visual image; Its circular outline symbolizes the globalization trend of China Netcom's delegation to China. The ingenious combination of blue background and green letters implies the profound implication of science and technology and the future; Chinese font with appropriate tilt angle, effectively convey the enterprising spirit of enterprise
with unique artistic beauty and symbolic significance, the logo is an organic whole full of vitality. It brings together the characteristics of the original logos of 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the north of China Telecom, China Network Communication (holding) Co., Ltd. and Jitong Communication Co., Ltd, It vividly outlines the internal quality of China Netcom Group's integration of all positive factors and excellent resources, and reflects the confidence and determination of China Netcom Group as a super large state-owned telecom enterprise to lead all employees to work together<
win the market by competition and cooperation
"win the market by competition and cooperation" is the strategic positioning of China Netcom Group to participate in the telecom market competition and cooperation with a new attitude. We will seek cooperation in competition with major telecom operators at home and abroad and relevant social parties, orderly competition in cooperation, actively promote equal involvement in technical means, do a good job in interconnection, and achieve win-win results<
integrated creative power
"integrated creative power" is the premise and foundation of the reform and development of China Netcom Group, and also the need of the corporate culture construction of China Netcom Group at the present stage. Every employee of China Netcom Group will adhere to the creed of "integration of creative power", quickly form the cohesion of China Netcom, and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable and healthy development of China Netcom Group<
honesty creates brand
"honesty" is the cornerstone of socialist market economy, the foundation of China Netcom Group's famous brand, and the most solemn and solemn commitment of China Netcom Group to the society and users. China Netcom Group will win the real trust and long-term cooperation of customers and partners, give full play to the brand effect, and fully reflect the unity of economic and social benefits
Service weaves the future
"service weaves the future" is the concrete embodiment of China Netcom Group's economic strategy and the basic means to participate in the future market competition. Providing high-quality service is the starting point and foothold of China Netcom Group's business strategy, and user satisfaction is the highest evaluation of China Netcom Group. China Netcom Group will show a new service image to the society and win the initiative in the market competition
"competition and cooperation to win the market, integration of creative power, integrity to build the brand, service to weave the future" interact with each other, complement each other, and have an internal inevitable connection, which is a more systematic concept system. At the same time, it will lead all the staff of China Netcom Group to live up to the trust of the party and the people, unite and make progress, work hard and accomplish the mission entrusted by history
I don't know why you put it in the category of outdoor sports!
related links:
the control unit of NC machine tool
the operation and monitoring of NC machine tool are all completed in this NC unit, which is the brain of NC machine tool< Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:
● high machining accuracy and stable machining quality
● it can carry out multi coordinate linkage and process complex parts
● when machining parts are changed, generally only the NC program needs to be changed, which can save proction preparation time
● the machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing amount, with high proctivity (generally 3-5 times of that of ordinary machine tool)
● the machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can rece the labor intensity
● it requires higher quality of operators and higher technical requirements of maintenance personnel< In general, CNC machine tools are composed of the following parts:
● host, which is the theme of CNC machine tools, including machine body, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is used to complete all kinds of cutting machine parts
● the numerical control device is the core of the numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, tape reader, etc.) and corresponding software, which is used to input digital part program, complete input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operation and realize various control functions
● driving device, which is the driving component of CNC machine tool actuator, including spindle driving unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. Under the control of the numerical control device, he realizes the spindle and feed drive through the electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When several feed linkage, can complete the positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve processing
● auxiliary device, some necessary supporting parts of index control machine tool, to ensure the operation of CNC machine tool, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic device, chip removal device, exchange table, numerical control turntable, numerical control dividing head, cutting tool, monitoring and detection device, etc
● programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine< Since MIT developed the first CNC machine tool in the world in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in manufacturing instry, especially in automobile, aerospace and military instry, and CNC technology has developed rapidly both in hardware and software<
machining center
machining center is a highly automatic multi-function CNC machine tool with tool magazine and automatic tool changing device. After the workpiece is clamped on the machining center once, it can complete a variety of processes for more than two surfaces, and has a variety of tool changing or tool selection functions, so that the proction efficiency is greatly improved
machining centers can be divided into boring milling and turning according to their processing proceres, and can be divided into three axis, four axis and five axis machining centers according to the number of control axes
+ + +
CNC
the enterprise logo of China Netcom Group (hereinafter referred to as "China Netcom Group") is composed of two parts: text and graphics, which has distinctive characteristics of the times and Instry. Two interactive English letter "C" in the logo forms a virtual "n", It is not only the abbreviation of China Netcom, but also the freehand form of Chinese "net", which vividly transforms the characteristics of communication and interaction in the telecommunications instry into a visual image; Its circular outline symbolizes the globalization trend of China Netcom's delegation to China. The ingenious combination of blue background and green letters implies the profound implication of science and technology and the future; Chinese font with appropriate tilt angle, effectively convey the enterprising spirit of enterprise
with unique artistic beauty and symbolic significance, the logo is an organic whole full of vitality. It brings together the characteristics of the original logos of 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the north of China Telecom, China Network Communication (holding) Co., Ltd. and Jitong Communication Co., Ltd, It vividly outlines the internal quality of China Netcom Group's integration of all positive factors and excellent resources, and reflects the confidence and determination of China Netcom Group as a super large state-owned telecom enterprise to lead all employees to work together<
win the market by competition and cooperation
"win the market by competition and cooperation" is the strategic positioning of China Netcom Group to participate in the telecom market competition and cooperation with a new attitude. We will seek cooperation in competition with major telecom operators at home and abroad and relevant social parties, orderly competition in cooperation, actively promote equal involvement in technical means, do a good job in interconnection, and achieve win-win results<
integrated creative power
"integrated creative power" is the premise and foundation of the reform and development of China Netcom Group, and also the need of the corporate culture construction of China Netcom Group at the present stage. Every employee of China Netcom Group will adhere to the creed of "integration of creative power", quickly form the cohesion of China Netcom, and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable and healthy development of China Netcom Group<
honesty creates brand
"honesty" is the cornerstone of socialist market economy, the foundation of China Netcom Group's famous brand, and the most solemn and solemn commitment of China Netcom Group to the society and users. China Netcom Group will win the real trust and long-term cooperation of customers and partners, give full play to the brand effect, and fully reflect the unity of economic and social benefits
Service weaves the future
"service weaves the future" is the concrete embodiment of China Netcom Group's economic strategy and the basic means to participate in the future market competition. Providing high-quality service is the starting point and foothold of China Netcom Group's business strategy, and user satisfaction is the highest evaluation of China Netcom Group. China Netcom Group will show a new service image to the society and win the initiative in the market competition
"competition and cooperation to win the market, integration of creative power, integrity to build the brand, service to weave the future" interact with each other, complement each other, and have an internal inevitable connection, which is a more systematic concept system. At the same time, it will lead all the staff of China Netcom Group to live up to the trust of the party and the people, unite and make progress, work hard and accomplish the mission entrusted by history
I don't know why you put it in the category of outdoor sports!
4. CNC lathe is one of the widely used CNC machine tools. It is mainly used for cutting inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inner and outer conical surfaces with arbitrary cone angle, complex rotary inner and outer curved surfaces, cylinders and conical threads of shaft parts or disc parts, and it can cut, drill, ream, ream and bore holes, etc. In the middle of the 20th century, with the development of electronic technology, the emergence of automatic information processing, data processing and electronic computer, brought a new concept to the automation technology. The use of digital signal to control the machine tool movement and its processing process promoted the development of machine tool automation< In the early 1940s, Parsons Corporation, a small aircraft instry contractor in North Michigan, USA, used digital technology for machining. When they manufacture the aircraft frame and the helicopter rotating wing, they use the full digital electronic computer to process the data of the wing processing path, and take into account the influence of the tool diameter on the processing path, so that the processing accuracy can reach 100% ± 0.0381mm ± 0015 in), which reached the highest level at that time< In 1952, MIT installed a set of experimental numerical control system on a vertical milling machine, which successfully controlled the movement of three axes at the same time. This CNC machine tool is known as the world's first CNC machine tool
this machine tool is an experimental machine tool. In November 1954, on the basis of the patent of Parsons, the first Instrial CNC machine tool was officially proced by Bendix cooperation of the United States< Since then, some other instrial countries, such as Germany and Japan, have developed, proced and used CNC machine tools
CNC milling machine was first used in CNC machine tools, because CNC machine tools can solve the problem of curve or surface parts which are difficult for ordinary machine tools and need contour machining< However, e to the large volume and high power consumption of the electronic tube used in the CNC system at that time, it was not widely used in other instries except in the military departments
after 1960, CNC machine tools with point position control have developed rapidly. Because the point control CNC system is much simpler than the contour control CNC system. Therefore, CNC milling machines, punching machines and coordinate boring machines have developed rapidly. According to the statistics, 85% of the 6000 CNC machine tools actually used in 1966 are point controlled machine tools
in the development of CNC machine tools, it is worth mentioning that machining center. This is a kind of numerical control machine tool with automatic tool changing device, which can realize one-time loading of workpiece and multi process processing. This proct was first developed in March 1959 by Carnegie & Co;; Developed by Keaney & trecker Corp. This machine tool is equipped with taps, drills, reamers, milling cutters and other tools in the tool magazine. According to the instructions of the perforation belt, the tools are automatically selected, and the tools are installed on the spindle through the manipulator to process the workpiece. It can shorten the time of loading and unloading parts on the machine tool and the time of changing tools. Machining center has now become a very important variety of CNC machine tools. There are not only vertical and horizontal boring and milling machining centers for box parts processing, but also turning centers and grinding centers for rotary integral parts processing
in 1967, the UK first connected several CNC machine tools into a flexible manufacturing system, which is the so-called flexible manufacturing system (FMS). After 1974, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors were directly used in CNC machine tools, which strengthened the function of CNC software and developed into CNC machine tools (referred to as CNC machine tools for short), further promoting the popularization, application and development of CNC machine tools< In the 1980s, flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) with 1-4 machining centers or turning centers as the main body, automatic loading and unloading of workpieces and monitoring and inspection devices appeared in the world. This kind of cell has the advantages of less investment and quick effect. It can be operated alone for a long time with few people, and can also be integrated into FMS or more advanced integrated manufacturing system
at present, FMS is also expanding from cutting to cold working, welding, assembly and other fields, and from small and medium batch processing to large batch processing< Therefore, machine tool numerical control technology is considered as the basic technology of modern mechanical automation
what is a lathe? According to the information, the so-called lathe is mainly used to turn the rotating workpiece. In the lathe can also be used to drill, reamer, reamer, tap, die and knurling tools for the corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used to process shaft, disc, sleeve and other workpieces with rotary surface. It is the most widely used machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair factory
in ancient times, lathes were cut by hand or foot, rotating the workpiece by rope and holding the cutter. In 1797, mozley, a British mechanical inventor, invented a modern lathe with a lead screw to drive the turret. In 1800, he adopted an exchange gear to change the feed speed and the pitch of the thread to be processed. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, adopted a four stage belt pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed< In order to improve the degree of mechanization and automation, Fitch invented the turret lathe in 1845; In 1848, the U.S.A. saw the appearance of turning lathe again; In 1873, Spencer of the United States made a single axis automatic lathe, and soon he made a three axis automatic lathe; At the beginning of the 20th century, the lathe with gear box driven by single motor appeared
after the first World War, various kinds of high-efficiency automatic lathes and specialized lathes developed rapidly e to the needs of arms, automobile and other machinery instries. In order to improve the proctivity of small batch workpieces, in the late 1940s, the lathe with hydraulic profiling device was promoted, at the same time, the multi tool lathe was also developed. In the middle of 1950s, the program control lathe with punch card, pin plate and dial plate was developed. Numerical control technology began to be used in lathe in 1960s, and developed rapidly after 1970s
lathes can be divided into many types according to their uses and functions
the common lathe has a wide range of processing objects, and the spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted in a wide range. It can process the internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by manual workers with low proction efficiency. It is suitable for single piece, small batch proction and repair workshop
turret lathe and turret lathe are equipped with turret turret or return wheel turret which can hold more than one tool. Workers can use different tools to complete a variety of processes in one clamping process, which is suitable for batch proction
the automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, automatically load and unload materials, and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, which is suitable for mass proction
the Multi Tool semi-automatic lathe can be divided into single axis, multi axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single shaft horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of turrets are respectively installed in the front and back or up and down of the spindle, which are used to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and the proctivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe
the ing lathe can imitate the shape and size of the template or sample, and automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch proction of the workpiece with complex shape, and its proctivity is 10-15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. The spindle of vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool rest moves on the cross beam or column. It is suitable for machining larger, heavier workpieces which are difficult to install on ordinary lathe. It is generally divided into single column and double column
while turning, the tool rest of the relief lathe periodically makes radial reciprocating motion, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with grinding accessories, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to grind the tooth surface
special lathes are used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes and ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations, In recent years is very popular electrical machining machine tools, but also only the method of change, no complexity and technology content
the level of CNC grinding machines in China is good, and there are a large number of exports every year, because it is simple and basically labor-intensive
metal processing is mainly to remove the material and get the desired metal shape. The removal of materials mainly depends on turning and milling. The lathe has developed into a numerical control lathe, and the milling machine has developed into a machining center. High precision multi axis machine tools enable complex parts to be in place in accuracy and shape at one time. For example, a complex part on an aircraft used to be worked by many kinds of workers: lathe workers, milling workers, grinder workers, line drawing workers and heat treatment workers for several months. Some of them are scrapped, and the latest composite CNC machine tools can be completely worked in a few days or even hours, And it's more accurate than what you designed. High precision of parts means long life and good reliability
with the development from ordinary to numerical control, one person can top the original ten. In terms of accuracy, there is no way to say. In terms of adaptability, if the parts change, just change the program. The human factor is also minimized. In the past, in the factory, who would drive the turbine or worm when he wanted to? It's not good if he didn't have it for 10 or 8 years. If he mastered it, he would be very successful. Now with numerical control equipment, as long as you can program and input the parameters, it's very simple, just graated technical school students will, and the batch proct quality is guaranteed
since the United States developed a CNC lathe in the world in the late 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing instry has entered the era of CNC. China also developed the first generation of CNC machine tools in the 1960s, but we all know what era China entered later. In the 1980s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, the gap will be 20 years. In fact, there is still hope for us to catch up, but the state-owned factories do not want to make progress. In the 1990s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, there is a gap of 30 years. Before China's reform and opening up, it was the Soviet Union's way. For example, to proce a shaft, the Soviet Union's way is to build a special proction line and use several special machine tools. The advantage is that it is easy to go up in batches. But once the parameters of the shaft change, the line will be scrapped and the proction personnel will have nothing to do. In the 1960s-1980s, the state-owned factories proced one proct for decades. After the 1980s, when the commodity economy was developed, these factories could not quickly adapt to the market, so it was difficult to operate. In the 1990s, a large number of factories went bankrupt and a large number of workers were laid off. Modern proction also has mass proction, but mainly single small batch, no matter what kind, as long as your equipment is CNC, it will adapt quickly. The road of professional machine tools has come to an end; The road taken by the west is different from that of the former Soviet Union. The "Toshiba" incident of that year was not the same
this machine tool is an experimental machine tool. In November 1954, on the basis of the patent of Parsons, the first Instrial CNC machine tool was officially proced by Bendix cooperation of the United States< Since then, some other instrial countries, such as Germany and Japan, have developed, proced and used CNC machine tools
CNC milling machine was first used in CNC machine tools, because CNC machine tools can solve the problem of curve or surface parts which are difficult for ordinary machine tools and need contour machining< However, e to the large volume and high power consumption of the electronic tube used in the CNC system at that time, it was not widely used in other instries except in the military departments
after 1960, CNC machine tools with point position control have developed rapidly. Because the point control CNC system is much simpler than the contour control CNC system. Therefore, CNC milling machines, punching machines and coordinate boring machines have developed rapidly. According to the statistics, 85% of the 6000 CNC machine tools actually used in 1966 are point controlled machine tools
in the development of CNC machine tools, it is worth mentioning that machining center. This is a kind of numerical control machine tool with automatic tool changing device, which can realize one-time loading of workpiece and multi process processing. This proct was first developed in March 1959 by Carnegie & Co;; Developed by Keaney & trecker Corp. This machine tool is equipped with taps, drills, reamers, milling cutters and other tools in the tool magazine. According to the instructions of the perforation belt, the tools are automatically selected, and the tools are installed on the spindle through the manipulator to process the workpiece. It can shorten the time of loading and unloading parts on the machine tool and the time of changing tools. Machining center has now become a very important variety of CNC machine tools. There are not only vertical and horizontal boring and milling machining centers for box parts processing, but also turning centers and grinding centers for rotary integral parts processing
in 1967, the UK first connected several CNC machine tools into a flexible manufacturing system, which is the so-called flexible manufacturing system (FMS). After 1974, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors were directly used in CNC machine tools, which strengthened the function of CNC software and developed into CNC machine tools (referred to as CNC machine tools for short), further promoting the popularization, application and development of CNC machine tools< In the 1980s, flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) with 1-4 machining centers or turning centers as the main body, automatic loading and unloading of workpieces and monitoring and inspection devices appeared in the world. This kind of cell has the advantages of less investment and quick effect. It can be operated alone for a long time with few people, and can also be integrated into FMS or more advanced integrated manufacturing system
at present, FMS is also expanding from cutting to cold working, welding, assembly and other fields, and from small and medium batch processing to large batch processing< Therefore, machine tool numerical control technology is considered as the basic technology of modern mechanical automation
what is a lathe? According to the information, the so-called lathe is mainly used to turn the rotating workpiece. In the lathe can also be used to drill, reamer, reamer, tap, die and knurling tools for the corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used to process shaft, disc, sleeve and other workpieces with rotary surface. It is the most widely used machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair factory
in ancient times, lathes were cut by hand or foot, rotating the workpiece by rope and holding the cutter. In 1797, mozley, a British mechanical inventor, invented a modern lathe with a lead screw to drive the turret. In 1800, he adopted an exchange gear to change the feed speed and the pitch of the thread to be processed. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, adopted a four stage belt pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed< In order to improve the degree of mechanization and automation, Fitch invented the turret lathe in 1845; In 1848, the U.S.A. saw the appearance of turning lathe again; In 1873, Spencer of the United States made a single axis automatic lathe, and soon he made a three axis automatic lathe; At the beginning of the 20th century, the lathe with gear box driven by single motor appeared
after the first World War, various kinds of high-efficiency automatic lathes and specialized lathes developed rapidly e to the needs of arms, automobile and other machinery instries. In order to improve the proctivity of small batch workpieces, in the late 1940s, the lathe with hydraulic profiling device was promoted, at the same time, the multi tool lathe was also developed. In the middle of 1950s, the program control lathe with punch card, pin plate and dial plate was developed. Numerical control technology began to be used in lathe in 1960s, and developed rapidly after 1970s
lathes can be divided into many types according to their uses and functions
the common lathe has a wide range of processing objects, and the spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted in a wide range. It can process the internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by manual workers with low proction efficiency. It is suitable for single piece, small batch proction and repair workshop
turret lathe and turret lathe are equipped with turret turret or return wheel turret which can hold more than one tool. Workers can use different tools to complete a variety of processes in one clamping process, which is suitable for batch proction
the automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, automatically load and unload materials, and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, which is suitable for mass proction
the Multi Tool semi-automatic lathe can be divided into single axis, multi axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single shaft horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of turrets are respectively installed in the front and back or up and down of the spindle, which are used to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and the proctivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe
the ing lathe can imitate the shape and size of the template or sample, and automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch proction of the workpiece with complex shape, and its proctivity is 10-15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. The spindle of vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool rest moves on the cross beam or column. It is suitable for machining larger, heavier workpieces which are difficult to install on ordinary lathe. It is generally divided into single column and double column
while turning, the tool rest of the relief lathe periodically makes radial reciprocating motion, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with grinding accessories, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to grind the tooth surface
special lathes are used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes and ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations, In recent years is very popular electrical machining machine tools, but also only the method of change, no complexity and technology content
the level of CNC grinding machines in China is good, and there are a large number of exports every year, because it is simple and basically labor-intensive
metal processing is mainly to remove the material and get the desired metal shape. The removal of materials mainly depends on turning and milling. The lathe has developed into a numerical control lathe, and the milling machine has developed into a machining center. High precision multi axis machine tools enable complex parts to be in place in accuracy and shape at one time. For example, a complex part on an aircraft used to be worked by many kinds of workers: lathe workers, milling workers, grinder workers, line drawing workers and heat treatment workers for several months. Some of them are scrapped, and the latest composite CNC machine tools can be completely worked in a few days or even hours, And it's more accurate than what you designed. High precision of parts means long life and good reliability
with the development from ordinary to numerical control, one person can top the original ten. In terms of accuracy, there is no way to say. In terms of adaptability, if the parts change, just change the program. The human factor is also minimized. In the past, in the factory, who would drive the turbine or worm when he wanted to? It's not good if he didn't have it for 10 or 8 years. If he mastered it, he would be very successful. Now with numerical control equipment, as long as you can program and input the parameters, it's very simple, just graated technical school students will, and the batch proct quality is guaranteed
since the United States developed a CNC lathe in the world in the late 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing instry has entered the era of CNC. China also developed the first generation of CNC machine tools in the 1960s, but we all know what era China entered later. In the 1980s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, the gap will be 20 years. In fact, there is still hope for us to catch up, but the state-owned factories do not want to make progress. In the 1990s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, there is a gap of 30 years. Before China's reform and opening up, it was the Soviet Union's way. For example, to proce a shaft, the Soviet Union's way is to build a special proction line and use several special machine tools. The advantage is that it is easy to go up in batches. But once the parameters of the shaft change, the line will be scrapped and the proction personnel will have nothing to do. In the 1960s-1980s, the state-owned factories proced one proct for decades. After the 1980s, when the commodity economy was developed, these factories could not quickly adapt to the market, so it was difficult to operate. In the 1990s, a large number of factories went bankrupt and a large number of workers were laid off. Modern proction also has mass proction, but mainly single small batch, no matter what kind, as long as your equipment is CNC, it will adapt quickly. The road of professional machine tools has come to an end; The road taken by the west is different from that of the former Soviet Union. The "Toshiba" incident of that year was not the same
5.
CNC (numerical control machine tool) is the abbreviation of computer numerical control machine tool, which is a kind of automatic machine tool controlled by program. The control system can logically process the program with control code or other symbol instructions, decode it by computer, so that the machine tool can execute the specified action, and the blank can be processed into semi-finished parts by cutting tools
CNC programming belongs to NC machining instry, which is divided into manual programming and computer (PC) programming. If only easy plane processing and regular angle (such as 90. 45 30 60 degrees) with manual programming. If it is aimed at complex surface processing, it depends on computer (PC) Computer (PC) programming depends on all kinds of programming software (such as Pro / E, UG, CAXA) and so on, and this kind of software mainly depends on the principle of (CAD design, cam manufacturing, CAE analysis). When learning this kind of software, the most important thing is to learn how to build a three-dimensional digital model. Only after the digital model is built, can we specify the processing route according to the actual situation, and finally generate the NC program through the processing route. This kind of books generally only talk about computer (PC) software operation. In Xinhua bookstore or to sell computer (PC) software learning bookstore to buy 
extended data:
computer digital control machine tool is a kind of automatic machine tool with program control system. The control system can logically process and decode the program with control code or other symbolic instructions, so that the machine can move and process parts. English abbreviation CNC, also known as CNC machine tools, CNC lathes, Hong Kong and Guangdong Pearl River Delta area known as computer gongs
NC machine tools are generally composed of the following parts:1. Host machine is the main body of NC machine tools, including machine body, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is used to complete a variety of cutting mechanical parts
The numerical control device is the core of the numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, tape reader, etc.) and corresponding software, which is used to input the digital part program, complete the input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operation and realize various control functions Driving device, which is the driving component of the actuator of CNC machine tool, includes spindle driving unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. Under the control of the numerical control device, the spindle and feed are driven by the electric or electro-hydraulic servo system. When several feed linkage, can complete the positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve processing Auxiliary device, some necessary parts of index control machine tool, to ensure the operation of CNC machine tool, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic device, chip removal device, exchange table, numerical control turntable, numerical control dividing head, cutting tool, monitoring and detection device, etc Programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machinereference materials: from renmin.com, the "counter attack" road of CNC machine tools in China
6.
"CNC" technology is "computer numerical control technology". CNC technology refers to the general use of special computer and equipped with interface circuit, which can realize the control of multiple CNC equipment
This technology uses computer to control the equipment according to the control program stored in advance. Because the numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuit is replaced by computer, all kinds of control functions such as storage, processing, operation and logic judgment of input data can be realized by computer software Numerical control technology is a technology that uses digital information to control mechanical movement and working process, and numerical control equipment is a mechatronics proct formed by the penetration of new technology represented by numerical control technology into traditional manufacturing instry and emerging manufacturing instry, namely the so-called digital equipment, such as digital control machine tool, etc
extended data:
traditional machining is operated by hand with ordinary machine tools. When machining, the mechanical tool is shaken by hand to cut metal, and the accuracy of procts is measured by eyes with calipers and other tools. Modern instry has already used computer digital control machine tools for operation, CNC machine tools can automatically process any proct and parts directly according to the pre programmed program of technicians
this is "NC machining". NC machining is widely used in all fields of machining, and it is the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold processing
The NC machine tool processes the parts automatically according to the pre programmed processing program. We put the processing route, process parameters, tool trajectory, displacement, cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed rate, back feed rate, etc.) and auxiliary functions (tool change, spindle forward rotation, reverse rotation, cutting fluid on and off, etc.) of the partsaccording to the instruction code and program format specified by the NC machine tool, the program list is compiled, and then the contents of the program list are recorded on the control medium (such as perforated paper tape, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, magnetic bubble memory), and then input into the NC device of the NC machine tool, so as to guide the machine tool to process parts
because the NC machine tool must process parts according to the program, the programmer will input the program into the NC device to direct the work of the machine tool. The program input is through the control medium
7. It refers to the technology of controlling the movement of one or more mechanical equipment by digital instructions composed of numbers, words and symbols. It usually controls mechanical quantities such as position, angle and speed, as well as switching quantities related to the flow direction of mechanical energy. The generation of numerical control depends on the appearance of data carrier and binary data operation. In 1908, the perforated sheet metal interchangeable data carrier came out; At the end of the 19th century, the paper-based control system with auxiliary functions was invented; In 1938, Shannon carried out data fast calculation and transmission in MIT, which laid the foundation of modern computer, including computer digital control system. Numerical control technology is closely combined with machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of world machinery instry and promoted the development of automation
now, numerical control technology is also called computer numerical control technology. At present, it is the technology of using computer to realize digital program control. This technique uses a computer to control the equipment according to the control program stored in advance. Because the numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuit is replaced by computer, all kinds of control functions such as storage, processing, operation and logic judgment of input data can be realized by computer software< The CNC machine tool is a kind of Mechatronics processing equipment with high technology intensity and high degree of automation. It is a comprehensive application of computer, automatic control, automatic detection and precision... It has high machining precision, easy quality assurance and broad development prospects. Therefore, it is particularly important to master the machining programming technology of CNC lathe
now, numerical control technology is also called computer numerical control technology. At present, it is the technology of using computer to realize digital program control. This technique uses a computer to control the equipment according to the control program stored in advance. Because the numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuit is replaced by computer, all kinds of control functions such as storage, processing, operation and logic judgment of input data can be realized by computer software< The CNC machine tool is a kind of Mechatronics processing equipment with high technology intensity and high degree of automation. It is a comprehensive application of computer, automatic control, automatic detection and precision... It has high machining precision, easy quality assurance and broad development prospects. Therefore, it is particularly important to master the machining programming technology of CNC lathe
8. In the middle of the 20th century, with the development of electronic technology, the emergence of automatic information processing, data processing and electronic computer, brought a new concept to the automation technology. The use of digital signal to control the machine tool movement and its processing process promoted the development of machine tool automation
using digital technology for machining was first realized in the early 1940s by Parsons Corporation, a small aircraft instry contractor in North Michigan, USA. When they manufacture the aircraft frame and the helicopter rotating wing, they use the full digital electronic computer to process the data of the wing processing path, and take into account the influence of the tool diameter on the processing path, so that the processing accuracy can reach 100% ± 0.0381mm ± 0015 in), which reached the highest level at that time< In 1952, MIT installed a set of experimental numerical control system on a vertical milling machine, which successfully controlled the movement of three axes at the same time. This CNC machine tool is known as the world's first CNC machine tool
this machine tool is an experimental machine tool. In November 1954, on the basis of the patent of Parsons, the first Instrial CNC machine tool was officially proced by Bendix cooperation of the United States< Since then, some other instrial countries, such as Germany and Japan, have developed, proced and used CNC machine tools
CNC milling machine was first used in CNC machine tools, because CNC machine tools can solve the problem of curve or surface parts which are difficult for ordinary machine tools and need contour machining< However, e to the large volume and high power consumption of the electronic tube used in the CNC system at that time, it was not widely used in other instries except in the military departments
after 1960, CNC machine tools with point position control have developed rapidly. Because the point control CNC system is much simpler than the contour control CNC system. Therefore, CNC milling machines, punching machines and coordinate boring machines have developed rapidly. According to the statistics, 85% of the 6000 CNC machine tools actually used in 1966 are point controlled machine tools
in the development of CNC machine tools, it is worth mentioning that machining center. This is a kind of numerical control machine tool with automatic tool changing device, which can realize one-time loading of workpiece and multi process processing. This proct was first developed in March 1959 by Carnegie & Co;; Developed by Keaney & trecker Corp. This machine tool is equipped with taps, drills, reamers, milling cutters and other tools in the tool magazine. According to the instructions of the perforation belt, the tools are automatically selected, and the tools are installed on the spindle through the manipulator to process the workpiece. It can shorten the time of loading and unloading parts on the machine tool and the time of changing tools. Machining center has now become a very important variety of CNC machine tools. There are not only vertical and horizontal boring and milling machining centers for box parts processing, but also turning centers and grinding centers for rotary integral parts processing
in 1967, the UK first connected several CNC machine tools into a flexible manufacturing system, which is the so-called flexible manufacturing system Since then, the United States, Europe and Japan have also developed and applied FMS. After 1974, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors were directly used in CNC machine tools, which strengthened the function of CNC software and developed into CNC machine tools (referred to as CNC machine tools for short), further promoting the popularization, application and development of CNC machine tools< In the 1980s, flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) with 1-4 machining centers or turning centers as the main body and automatic loading and unloading and monitoring and inspection devices for workpieces appeared in the world. This kind of cell has the advantages of less investment and quick effect. It can be operated alone for a long time with few people, and can also be integrated into FMS or more advanced integrated manufacturing system
at present, FMS is also expanding from cutting to cold working, welding, assembly and other fields, and from small and medium batch processing to large batch processing< Therefore, machine tool numerical control technology is considered as the basic technology of modern mechanical automation
what is a lathe? According to the information, the so-called lathe is mainly used to turn the rotating workpiece. In the lathe can also be used to drill, reamer, reamer, tap, die and knurling tools for the corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used to process shaft, disc, sleeve and other workpieces with rotary surface. It is the most widely used machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair factory
in ancient times, lathes were cut by hand or foot, rotating the workpiece by rope and holding the cutter. In 1797, mozley, a British mechanical inventor, invented a modern lathe with a lead screw to drive the turret. In 1800, he adopted an exchange gear to change the feed speed and the pitch of the thread to be processed. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, adopted a four stage belt pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed< In order to improve the degree of mechanization and automation, Fitch invented the turret lathe in 1845; In 1848, the U.S.A. saw the appearance of turning lathe again; In 1873, Spencer of the United States made a single axis automatic lathe, and soon he made a three axis automatic lathe; At the beginning of the 20th century, the lathe with gear box driven by single motor appeared
after the first World War, various kinds of high-efficiency automatic lathes and specialized lathes developed rapidly e to the needs of arms, automobile and other machinery instries. In order to improve the proctivity of small batch workpieces, in the late 1940s, the lathe with hydraulic profiling device was promoted, at the same time, the multi tool lathe was also developed. In the middle of 1950s, the program control lathe with punch card, pin plate and dial plate was developed. Numerical control technology began to be used in lathe in 1960s, and developed rapidly after 1970s
lathes can be divided into many types according to their uses and functions
the common lathe has a wide range of processing objects, and the spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted in a wide range. It can process the internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by manual workers with low proction efficiency. It is suitable for single piece, small batch proction and repair workshop
turret lathe and turret lathe are equipped with turret turret or return wheel turret which can hold more than one tool. Workers can use different tools to complete a variety of processes in one clamping process, which is suitable for batch proction
the automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, automatically load and unload materials, and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, which is suitable for mass proction
the Multi Tool semi-automatic lathe can be divided into single axis, multi axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single shaft horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of turrets are respectively installed in the front and back or up and down of the spindle, which are used to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and the proctivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe
the ing lathe can imitate the shape and size of the template or sample, and automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch proction of the workpiece with complex shape, and its proctivity is 10-15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. The spindle of vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool rest moves on the cross beam or column. It is suitable for machining larger, heavier workpieces which are difficult to install on ordinary lathe. It is generally divided into single column and double column
while turning, the tool rest of the relief lathe periodically makes radial reciprocating motion, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with grinding accessories, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to grind the tooth surface
special lathes are used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes and ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations, In recent years is very popular electrical machining machine tools, but also only the method of change, no complexity and technology content
the level of CNC grinding machines in China is good, and there are a large number of exports every year, because it is simple and basically labor-intensive
metal processing is mainly to remove the material and get the desired metal shape. The removal of materials mainly depends on turning and milling. The lathe has developed into a numerical control lathe, and the milling machine has developed into a machining center. High precision multi axis machine tools enable complex parts to be in place in accuracy and shape at one time. For example, a complex part on an aircraft used to be worked by many kinds of workers: lathe workers, milling workers, grinder workers, line drawing workers and heat treatment workers for several months. Some of them are scrapped, and the latest composite CNC machine tools can be completely worked in a few days or even hours, And it's more accurate than what you designed. High precision of parts means long life and good reliability
with the development from ordinary to numerical control, one person can top the original ten. In terms of accuracy, there is no way to say. In terms of adaptability, if the parts change, just change the program. The human factor is also minimized. In the past, in the factory, who would drive the turbine or worm when he wanted to? It's not good if he didn't have it for 10 or 8 years. If he mastered it, he would be very successful. Now with numerical control equipment, as long as you can program and input the parameters, it's very simple, just graated technical school students will, and the batch proct quality is guaranteed
since the United States developed a CNC lathe in the world in the late 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing instry has entered the era of CNC. China also developed the first generation of CNC machine tools in the 1960s, but we all know what era China entered later. In the 1980s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, the gap will be 20 years. In fact, there is still hope for us to catch up, but the state-owned factories do not want to make progress. In the 1990s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, there is a gap of 30 years. Before China's reform and opening up, it was the Soviet Union's way. For example, to proce a shaft, the Soviet Union's way is to build a special proction line and use several special machine tools. The advantage is that it is easy to go up in batches. But once the parameters of the shaft change, the line will be scrapped and the proction personnel will have nothing to do. In the 1960s-1980s, the state-owned factories proced one proct for decades. After the 1980s, when the commodity economy was developed, these factories could not quickly adapt to the market, so it was difficult to operate. In the 1990s, a large number of factories went bankrupt and a large number of workers were laid off. Modern proction also has mass proction, but mainly single small batch, no matter what kind, as long as your equipment is CNC, it will adapt quickly. The road of professional machine tools has come to an end; The road of the west is different from that of the former Soviet Union. In the "Toshiba" incident of that year, Toshiba of Japan sold several five axis CNC milling machines to the Soviet Union, which upgraded the Soviet Union's manufacturing of propulsion propellers of submarines and made the sound of submarines inaudible to the sonar of the United States. Therefore, the United States should punish them
using digital technology for machining was first realized in the early 1940s by Parsons Corporation, a small aircraft instry contractor in North Michigan, USA. When they manufacture the aircraft frame and the helicopter rotating wing, they use the full digital electronic computer to process the data of the wing processing path, and take into account the influence of the tool diameter on the processing path, so that the processing accuracy can reach 100% ± 0.0381mm ± 0015 in), which reached the highest level at that time< In 1952, MIT installed a set of experimental numerical control system on a vertical milling machine, which successfully controlled the movement of three axes at the same time. This CNC machine tool is known as the world's first CNC machine tool
this machine tool is an experimental machine tool. In November 1954, on the basis of the patent of Parsons, the first Instrial CNC machine tool was officially proced by Bendix cooperation of the United States< Since then, some other instrial countries, such as Germany and Japan, have developed, proced and used CNC machine tools
CNC milling machine was first used in CNC machine tools, because CNC machine tools can solve the problem of curve or surface parts which are difficult for ordinary machine tools and need contour machining< However, e to the large volume and high power consumption of the electronic tube used in the CNC system at that time, it was not widely used in other instries except in the military departments
after 1960, CNC machine tools with point position control have developed rapidly. Because the point control CNC system is much simpler than the contour control CNC system. Therefore, CNC milling machines, punching machines and coordinate boring machines have developed rapidly. According to the statistics, 85% of the 6000 CNC machine tools actually used in 1966 are point controlled machine tools
in the development of CNC machine tools, it is worth mentioning that machining center. This is a kind of numerical control machine tool with automatic tool changing device, which can realize one-time loading of workpiece and multi process processing. This proct was first developed in March 1959 by Carnegie & Co;; Developed by Keaney & trecker Corp. This machine tool is equipped with taps, drills, reamers, milling cutters and other tools in the tool magazine. According to the instructions of the perforation belt, the tools are automatically selected, and the tools are installed on the spindle through the manipulator to process the workpiece. It can shorten the time of loading and unloading parts on the machine tool and the time of changing tools. Machining center has now become a very important variety of CNC machine tools. There are not only vertical and horizontal boring and milling machining centers for box parts processing, but also turning centers and grinding centers for rotary integral parts processing
in 1967, the UK first connected several CNC machine tools into a flexible manufacturing system, which is the so-called flexible manufacturing system Since then, the United States, Europe and Japan have also developed and applied FMS. After 1974, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors were directly used in CNC machine tools, which strengthened the function of CNC software and developed into CNC machine tools (referred to as CNC machine tools for short), further promoting the popularization, application and development of CNC machine tools< In the 1980s, flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) with 1-4 machining centers or turning centers as the main body and automatic loading and unloading and monitoring and inspection devices for workpieces appeared in the world. This kind of cell has the advantages of less investment and quick effect. It can be operated alone for a long time with few people, and can also be integrated into FMS or more advanced integrated manufacturing system
at present, FMS is also expanding from cutting to cold working, welding, assembly and other fields, and from small and medium batch processing to large batch processing< Therefore, machine tool numerical control technology is considered as the basic technology of modern mechanical automation
what is a lathe? According to the information, the so-called lathe is mainly used to turn the rotating workpiece. In the lathe can also be used to drill, reamer, reamer, tap, die and knurling tools for the corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used to process shaft, disc, sleeve and other workpieces with rotary surface. It is the most widely used machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair factory
in ancient times, lathes were cut by hand or foot, rotating the workpiece by rope and holding the cutter. In 1797, mozley, a British mechanical inventor, invented a modern lathe with a lead screw to drive the turret. In 1800, he adopted an exchange gear to change the feed speed and the pitch of the thread to be processed. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, adopted a four stage belt pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed< In order to improve the degree of mechanization and automation, Fitch invented the turret lathe in 1845; In 1848, the U.S.A. saw the appearance of turning lathe again; In 1873, Spencer of the United States made a single axis automatic lathe, and soon he made a three axis automatic lathe; At the beginning of the 20th century, the lathe with gear box driven by single motor appeared
after the first World War, various kinds of high-efficiency automatic lathes and specialized lathes developed rapidly e to the needs of arms, automobile and other machinery instries. In order to improve the proctivity of small batch workpieces, in the late 1940s, the lathe with hydraulic profiling device was promoted, at the same time, the multi tool lathe was also developed. In the middle of 1950s, the program control lathe with punch card, pin plate and dial plate was developed. Numerical control technology began to be used in lathe in 1960s, and developed rapidly after 1970s
lathes can be divided into many types according to their uses and functions
the common lathe has a wide range of processing objects, and the spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted in a wide range. It can process the internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by manual workers with low proction efficiency. It is suitable for single piece, small batch proction and repair workshop
turret lathe and turret lathe are equipped with turret turret or return wheel turret which can hold more than one tool. Workers can use different tools to complete a variety of processes in one clamping process, which is suitable for batch proction
the automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, automatically load and unload materials, and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, which is suitable for mass proction
the Multi Tool semi-automatic lathe can be divided into single axis, multi axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single shaft horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of turrets are respectively installed in the front and back or up and down of the spindle, which are used to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and the proctivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe
the ing lathe can imitate the shape and size of the template or sample, and automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch proction of the workpiece with complex shape, and its proctivity is 10-15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. The spindle of vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool rest moves on the cross beam or column. It is suitable for machining larger, heavier workpieces which are difficult to install on ordinary lathe. It is generally divided into single column and double column
while turning, the tool rest of the relief lathe periodically makes radial reciprocating motion, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with grinding accessories, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to grind the tooth surface
special lathes are used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes and ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations, In recent years is very popular electrical machining machine tools, but also only the method of change, no complexity and technology content
the level of CNC grinding machines in China is good, and there are a large number of exports every year, because it is simple and basically labor-intensive
metal processing is mainly to remove the material and get the desired metal shape. The removal of materials mainly depends on turning and milling. The lathe has developed into a numerical control lathe, and the milling machine has developed into a machining center. High precision multi axis machine tools enable complex parts to be in place in accuracy and shape at one time. For example, a complex part on an aircraft used to be worked by many kinds of workers: lathe workers, milling workers, grinder workers, line drawing workers and heat treatment workers for several months. Some of them are scrapped, and the latest composite CNC machine tools can be completely worked in a few days or even hours, And it's more accurate than what you designed. High precision of parts means long life and good reliability
with the development from ordinary to numerical control, one person can top the original ten. In terms of accuracy, there is no way to say. In terms of adaptability, if the parts change, just change the program. The human factor is also minimized. In the past, in the factory, who would drive the turbine or worm when he wanted to? It's not good if he didn't have it for 10 or 8 years. If he mastered it, he would be very successful. Now with numerical control equipment, as long as you can program and input the parameters, it's very simple, just graated technical school students will, and the batch proct quality is guaranteed
since the United States developed a CNC lathe in the world in the late 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing instry has entered the era of CNC. China also developed the first generation of CNC machine tools in the 1960s, but we all know what era China entered later. In the 1980s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, the gap will be 20 years. In fact, there is still hope for us to catch up, but the state-owned factories do not want to make progress. In the 1990s, when we look at the level of CNC machine tools in the world, there is a gap of 30 years. Before China's reform and opening up, it was the Soviet Union's way. For example, to proce a shaft, the Soviet Union's way is to build a special proction line and use several special machine tools. The advantage is that it is easy to go up in batches. But once the parameters of the shaft change, the line will be scrapped and the proction personnel will have nothing to do. In the 1960s-1980s, the state-owned factories proced one proct for decades. After the 1980s, when the commodity economy was developed, these factories could not quickly adapt to the market, so it was difficult to operate. In the 1990s, a large number of factories went bankrupt and a large number of workers were laid off. Modern proction also has mass proction, but mainly single small batch, no matter what kind, as long as your equipment is CNC, it will adapt quickly. The road of professional machine tools has come to an end; The road of the west is different from that of the former Soviet Union. In the "Toshiba" incident of that year, Toshiba of Japan sold several five axis CNC milling machines to the Soviet Union, which upgraded the Soviet Union's manufacturing of propulsion propellers of submarines and made the sound of submarines inaudible to the sonar of the United States. Therefore, the United States should punish them
9.
Numerical control is the abbreviation of digital control. Numerical control technology is a method of using digital information to control mechanical movement and machining process
in the early days, there were two versions:
NC (numerical control): representing the old and original numerical control technology
CNC (computerized numerical control): computer numerical control technology - new version, the preferred abbreviation of numerical control
NC may be CNC, but CNC does not refer to the old CNC technology
The early numerical control system is composed of hardware circuit, which is called hardware numerical control (hard NC). After 1970s, the hardware circuit components are graally replaced by special computer, which is called computer numerical control system. Generally, special computer is used and equipped with interface circuit, which can realize the action control of multiple numerical control equipment. Therefore, the current CNC is generally CNC (computer numerical control), rarely use the concept of NC
numerical control major is to cultivate application-oriented senior technical talents who master the basic theory and basic knowledge of numerical control technology and application major, and can be engaged in proction, management, proct marketing, equipment maintenance and other work in the first line of proction
10. CNC machine = & gt; CNC programming is through the master cam or UG in the computer design, and then automatically transferred to the machine to generate mold, salary is really high, ordinary are 1500-1800, generally 2000-3000, intermediate 5000-8000, advanced & gt; 10000 girls have nothing to do, it depends on personal interest!
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