Calculation force estimation
Publish: 2021-04-06 08:23:43
1.
You can refer to the following, according to some commonly used graphics cards in the Internet bar market, sort out the price and calculation power of a related graphics card, as well as the expected return to the current period, It can be used as a reference:
{rrrrrrr}
power consumption: 243w
computing power: 22.4m
price of graphics card: 1999 yuan
quantity of eth g every 24 hours: 0.015
revenue generated every 24 hours: 24.48 yuan
expected payback time: 81.66 days
power consumption: 159w
computing power: 24.3m
price of graphics card: 1599 yuan Yuan
number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017
revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.9 yuan
estimated payback time: 57.31 days
total power consumption: 171w
computing power: 24.4m
price: 1999 yuan
number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017
revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.87 yuan
estimated payback time: 71.73 days
Video card (graphics card) full name display interface card, also known as display adapter, is the most basic configuration of computer, one of the most important accessories. As an important part of the computer host, the graphics card is the equipment of digital to analog signal conversion, and it undertakes the task of output display graphics
the graphics card is connected to the main board of the computer, which converts the digital signal of the computer into an analog signal for the display. At the same time, the graphics card still has the ability of image processing, which can help the CPU work and improve the overall running speed. For those engaged in professional graphic design, graphics card is very important. Civil and military graphics chip suppliers mainly include amd (ultra micro semiconctor) and NVIDIA (NVIDIA). Today's TOP500 computer, including graphics card computing core. In scientific computing, graphics card is called display accelerator
2. 1、 Cultivate students' interest in calculation
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation.
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation.
3. There are two ways to cultivate students' estimation consciousness. On the one hand, in the teaching process, we should consciously infiltrate the idea of estimation, let the students guess the mathematical laws with estimation, test the idea of solving problems with estimation, and test the result of solving problems with estimation, so as to run the idea of estimation through the whole teaching process and make the students strengthen the consciousness of estimation imperceptibly. On the other hand, let the students use estimation as much as possible to solve some problems closely related to life, and estimate according to the actual situation in life< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate, subtract, and seek quotient with pithy formula, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. For another example, the methods of carry plus and abdication minus should be explained clearly, so that students can understand them thoroughly, so that they can correctly and skillfully use the method of calculation< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
(1) cultivate students' habit of making drafts. It is a common phenomenon that students don't like to draft when they are calculating. The teacher assigned calculation problems, some students directly oral calculation, some in the book, table or other places, write one or two vertical, as a draft, these are bad calculation habits. Most of the calculation problems, except for a few students who can actually calculate the results directly by mouth, most students probably don't have this ability. In view of this situation, I ask the students to prepare special drafts and make them conscientiously. At the same time, I often go down from the platform to the students in class, and strictly urge the students to implement them. Over time, the students will graally develop this good habit
(2) cultivate students' good habit of careful writing and standard format.
students' habit of careful writing is usually formed. When students do questions, remind them to be careful, see clearly the meaning of the questions, see clearly the data provided by the questions, speak out the quantitative relationship according to the requirements of the questions, and correctly list the formulas for calculation, In the aspect of writing format, students are also required to be meticulous and answer questions according to the correct format. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. Students are required to proofread the copied questions carefully, from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. The checking methods I teach students to calculate are: one pair of copied questions, two pairs of vertical, three pairs of answers. The method of checking questions is to see and think twice. That is: first, look at the whole formula, which is composed of several parts, and think about how to calculate according to the general method; Let's see if there are any special conditions. Let's see if we can use a simple method to calculate. Do not blindly carry out simple calculation, avoid 15 + 5 × 5), which is wrongly calculated as 20 × 1 －0.5< In a word, in primary school mathematics teaching, the purpose of cultivating students' computational ability is not only to improve students' computational ability, but also to improve the development of students' thinking ability, lay the foundation for students' subsequent learning and the improvement of overall mathematical literacy, It depends on the clarity of students' calculation ideas and the rationality and flexibility of calculation methods. It depends on the formation of students' good learning habits and the continuous development of cognitive level. The key lies in Teachers' expectation, motivation, training and cultivation. Therefore, computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate, subtract, and seek quotient with pithy formula, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. For another example, the methods of carry plus and abdication minus should be explained clearly, so that students can understand them thoroughly, so that they can correctly and skillfully use the method of calculation< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
(1) cultivate students' habit of making drafts. It is a common phenomenon that students don't like to draft when they are calculating. The teacher assigned calculation problems, some students directly oral calculation, some in the book, table or other places, write one or two vertical, as a draft, these are bad calculation habits. Most of the calculation problems, except for a few students who can actually calculate the results directly by mouth, most students probably don't have this ability. In view of this situation, I ask the students to prepare special drafts and make them conscientiously. At the same time, I often go down from the platform to the students in class, and strictly urge the students to implement them. Over time, the students will graally develop this good habit
(2) cultivate students' good habit of careful writing and standard format.
students' habit of careful writing is usually formed. When students do questions, remind them to be careful, see clearly the meaning of the questions, see clearly the data provided by the questions, speak out the quantitative relationship according to the requirements of the questions, and correctly list the formulas for calculation, In the aspect of writing format, students are also required to be meticulous and answer questions according to the correct format. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. Students are required to proofread the copied questions carefully, from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. The checking methods I teach students to calculate are: one pair of copied questions, two pairs of vertical, three pairs of answers. The method of checking questions is to see and think twice. That is: first, look at the whole formula, which is composed of several parts, and think about how to calculate according to the general method; Let's see if there are any special conditions. Let's see if we can use a simple method to calculate. Do not blindly carry out simple calculation, avoid 15 + 5 × 5), which is wrongly calculated as 20 × 1 －0.5< In a word, in primary school mathematics teaching, the purpose of cultivating students' computational ability is not only to improve students' computational ability, but also to improve the development of students' thinking ability, lay the foundation for students' subsequent learning and the improvement of overall mathematical literacy, It depends on the clarity of students' calculation ideas and the rationality and flexibility of calculation methods. It depends on the formation of students' good learning habits and the continuous development of cognitive level. The key lies in Teachers' expectation, motivation, training and cultivation. Therefore, computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
4.
How to improve pupils' mathematical calculation ability
calculation is a tool to help us solve problems. In primary school mathematics teaching, calculation runs through the whole process of mathematics teaching. The quality of calculation ability is directly related to students' learning mathematics, and it is an important basis for students to learn mathematics in the future. Therefore, it is an important task for primary school mathematics teaching to cultivate students' calculation ability
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steps / methods- pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation and estimation ability
& ᦇ 61548; Pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation ability
to cultivate students' calculation ability, we should pay attention to the basic training of oral calculation, which is not only the basis of written calculation, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of calculation ability. Only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. Therefore, every student should lay a good foundation of oral arithmetic, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic and improve the ability of oral arithmetic< br /> Pay attention to the cultivation of estimation ability
in ordinary classroom calculation learning, estimation can be carried out before calculation, so that students can reasonably and flexibly use a variety of methods to think about problems. After the calculation, the results are also estimated, so that students can get valuable test
for example: 124 * 42, let students estimate before calculation. Students regard 125 as 120 and 42 as 40125 * 40 = 5000, so 124 * 42 is about 5000. Then after the calculation, continue to let the students estimate that the two numbers are 4 and 2 respectively, so the proct must be 8. Compared with the calculated result, if it is not 8, it must be miscalculation, which has the effect of test
- pay attention to the calculation method and the teaching of thought
some calculation learning is actually very simple for students, even if the teacher does not teach, most students will calculate. But as a teacher, we must not only be satisfied with the students' ability to calculate, but let the students understand the calculation principle from the process of solving problems, summarize the rules, and participate in the whole process of knowledge formation
for example, in the teaching of three digit by two digit, 102 * 24, from reviewing the calculation of two digit by two digit to three digit by two digit, most students can quickly calculate 102 * 24, and students habitually write 102 on the top and 24 on the bottom of 102 in the vertical column. On the surface, it seems that students can do it, However, if the teacher does not explain the calculation process, but suddenly writes 24 on the top and 102 on the bottom of 24, and lets the students list the vertical calculation, the students will start to make mistakes, and the students do not really understand the calculation principle. Therefore, a computing class is not only about computing power. Let students participate in the process of calculation, not only can calculate, but also know why to calculate, this is the real purpose of calculation class should achieve
- 3 flexible application of simple method
many students think that simple method is a kind of calculation problem. Most students can do it when it is indicated that "simple method is used to calculate", but when the same formula is put into practical problems, students can't think of a simple method
for example, for the calculation of 38 + 75 + 62, put it into the application question, for example: on tree planting day, class 4 (1) planted 38 trees, class 4 (2) planted 75 trees, class 4 (4) planted 62 trees. How many trees have been planted in these three classes? Students quickly list the formula: 38 + 75 + 62, and then calculate the answers from left to right. Few students use simple methods. So we should let students understand the value of simple method, and make it as simple as possible. In addition, if students memorize some common data, they can better master the skills of calculation, which is helpful for students to achieve the requirements of "correct, rapid, reasonable and flexible". For example, 25 * 4 = 100, 125 * 8 = 1000 and so on< br />END
5. The cultivation of computational ability is an important task in primary school mathematics teaching. From the score of a test paper, almost 70% of the content is inseparable from the calculation. For a long time, the boredom of the calculation class makes the students afraid. For calculation, it is necessary for teachers to start from the characteristics of teaching materials, the actual life of students, the psychological characteristics of children, contact the game activities, and carry out the integration of multimedia, so as to create a learning environment full of children's interest and vitality, and let students enjoy learning and love learning, On this basis, stimulate students' interest, so that the boring teaching of computing coruscate a new life. So, how to cultivate the calculation ability of primary school students? Practice has proved that hierarchical teaching can effectively develop. The following is a summary of the teaching practice of Grade Three:
first, cultivate students' interest in learning mathematics
as the saying goes, "interest is the best teacher", skillful learning and flexible use will make the relatively boring mathematics learning lively and interesting, and make students interested in learning, so as to get twice the result with half the effort
in order to make students feel fresh all the time, in teaching, calculation exercises can be designed into games, competitions, rush answers, train driving, listening and calculation, limited time oral calculation, self-made calculation problems, playing cards, table to table or group competition to adjust students' appetite. So as to cultivate students' good will quality. A variety of forms of training, so that different levels of students with different foundation on their own basis to enhance the enthusiasm, to improve the level of students' oral arithmetic plays a protective role, teaching in fun, help to activate the classroom atmosphere
Second, mastering basic knowledge is the prerequisite for the formation of computing power
compared with the calculation of grade one and grade two, the calculation of grade one and grade two is a one-step calculation. They can do oral calculation or even listen to the calculation and decide right or wrong at one time. However, in grade three, with the deepening of knowledge, students' knowledge becomes "difficult", for example, to calculate 56 × We have to calculate 8 times to get the result, and two times of the 8 times are the result of multiplication and addition. If we want to do it right, we must not make any mistakes, otherwise it will be invalid. Therefore, basic skills such as multiplication formula and addition and subtraction within 20 are particularly important. And the calculation must be clear. Take first, then merge. Don't be confused
it is found in practice that students should not be in a hurry to achieve success in teaching, but should be helped to start from sorting out the basic knowledge they have learned, use the transfer, and continue to deepen< Thirdly, paying attention to basic training is the key to improve the ability of calculation.
1
mental arithmetic is a basic skill that students must master, and it is one of the most basic and important skills in mathematics learning. Oral arithmetic is related to learning and mastering a series of contents, such as addition and subtraction of multiple digits, multiplication and division, and four calculation of decimal and fraction In the first and second paragraph of mathematics curriculum standard, it is emphasized to pay attention to oral arithmetic. Therefore, primary school calculation teaching should pay special attention to the training of oral calculation
for example, the decomposition of numbers within 10, the addition and subtraction of numbers within 20, and the multiplication and division in the table should be blurted out, which plays a key role in improving the accuracy of calculation. Only by improving the oral arithmetic skills, can students achieve correct, rapid and flexible calculation
2. Strengthen the training of estimation and develop students' thinking
estimation is the ability to approximate or roughly estimate the operation process or result. Estimation is helpful for students to find out their deviation in solving problems, to rethink and calculate, so as to improve their computing ability. In teaching, teachers should teach students some estimation methods, so that students can form a correct way of thinking and improve the accuracy of calculation
3. Strengthening "daily practice" can help students accumulate computing experience
daily oral calculation, appropriate amount of written calculation and comparative training can effectively promote students to continuously accumulate experience in calculation and form skills< Fourth, effective practice is a means to improve the computational ability
in order to make students master the skills of calculation and form the ability of calculation, it is necessary to strengthen the practice. The former is to help students consolidate new knowledge and form skills; The latter is to cultivate students' ability to flexibly use what they have learned to solve practical problems. Practice is not to ask students to do some repetitive and monotonous questions endlessly. In order to improve the efficiency of the exercise, the content of the exercise should be targeted, hierarchical and with a certain slope. The forms of exercises should be flexible. Interesting data and novel questions will stimulate students' interest in doing exercises. In a word, diversified exercises not only enrich the content and form of exercises, but also greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of students to participate in the exercises, and play a promoting role in improving students' computing ability< 5. Cultivating good computing habits is the guarantee of improving computing ability.
good computing habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' computing ability“ My practice is: in extracurricular every day to arrange a certain number of calculation problems, let students complete independently, pay attention to the cultivation of good calculation habits
1. Let students form the habit of proofreading carefully. Students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols
2. Let students form the habit of serious examination. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method
3. Let students form the habit of standard writing. The standard writing format can express the students' operation ideas, calculation methods and steps, and prevent them from writing wrong numbers and operation symbols. Students are required to write neatly, with correct format, correct handwriting, no scribble, no alteration, and keep their homework neat and beautiful. Teachers should set an example for students
4. Let students form the habit of estimating and checking. We should teach them the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process, and advocate the use of estimation to check the correctness of the answers
5. Let students form the habit of mutual inspection. Students are required to check each other's homework on the basis of self-examination after the homework is completed, and then hand it over to the study group leader for review. They can point out the problems at any time, help analyze the causes of errors, correct them in time, and form the habit of consciously checking and correcting mistakes
when cultivating students' good calculation habits, teachers should be patient and persistent, unify methods and requirements, persevere and grasp them to the end
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process. It is not a matter of a day to improve students' computing ability. It is necessary to achieve regular, planned, step-by-step, hierarchical teaching, which varies from person to person. We should pay attention to speed in time, density in quantity, flexibility and novelty in form and content. Only when we teachers and students work together and persevere, can we achieve results.
first, cultivate students' interest in learning mathematics
as the saying goes, "interest is the best teacher", skillful learning and flexible use will make the relatively boring mathematics learning lively and interesting, and make students interested in learning, so as to get twice the result with half the effort
in order to make students feel fresh all the time, in teaching, calculation exercises can be designed into games, competitions, rush answers, train driving, listening and calculation, limited time oral calculation, self-made calculation problems, playing cards, table to table or group competition to adjust students' appetite. So as to cultivate students' good will quality. A variety of forms of training, so that different levels of students with different foundation on their own basis to enhance the enthusiasm, to improve the level of students' oral arithmetic plays a protective role, teaching in fun, help to activate the classroom atmosphere
Second, mastering basic knowledge is the prerequisite for the formation of computing power
compared with the calculation of grade one and grade two, the calculation of grade one and grade two is a one-step calculation. They can do oral calculation or even listen to the calculation and decide right or wrong at one time. However, in grade three, with the deepening of knowledge, students' knowledge becomes "difficult", for example, to calculate 56 × We have to calculate 8 times to get the result, and two times of the 8 times are the result of multiplication and addition. If we want to do it right, we must not make any mistakes, otherwise it will be invalid. Therefore, basic skills such as multiplication formula and addition and subtraction within 20 are particularly important. And the calculation must be clear. Take first, then merge. Don't be confused
it is found in practice that students should not be in a hurry to achieve success in teaching, but should be helped to start from sorting out the basic knowledge they have learned, use the transfer, and continue to deepen< Thirdly, paying attention to basic training is the key to improve the ability of calculation.
1
mental arithmetic is a basic skill that students must master, and it is one of the most basic and important skills in mathematics learning. Oral arithmetic is related to learning and mastering a series of contents, such as addition and subtraction of multiple digits, multiplication and division, and four calculation of decimal and fraction In the first and second paragraph of mathematics curriculum standard, it is emphasized to pay attention to oral arithmetic. Therefore, primary school calculation teaching should pay special attention to the training of oral calculation
for example, the decomposition of numbers within 10, the addition and subtraction of numbers within 20, and the multiplication and division in the table should be blurted out, which plays a key role in improving the accuracy of calculation. Only by improving the oral arithmetic skills, can students achieve correct, rapid and flexible calculation
2. Strengthen the training of estimation and develop students' thinking
estimation is the ability to approximate or roughly estimate the operation process or result. Estimation is helpful for students to find out their deviation in solving problems, to rethink and calculate, so as to improve their computing ability. In teaching, teachers should teach students some estimation methods, so that students can form a correct way of thinking and improve the accuracy of calculation
3. Strengthening "daily practice" can help students accumulate computing experience
daily oral calculation, appropriate amount of written calculation and comparative training can effectively promote students to continuously accumulate experience in calculation and form skills< Fourth, effective practice is a means to improve the computational ability
in order to make students master the skills of calculation and form the ability of calculation, it is necessary to strengthen the practice. The former is to help students consolidate new knowledge and form skills; The latter is to cultivate students' ability to flexibly use what they have learned to solve practical problems. Practice is not to ask students to do some repetitive and monotonous questions endlessly. In order to improve the efficiency of the exercise, the content of the exercise should be targeted, hierarchical and with a certain slope. The forms of exercises should be flexible. Interesting data and novel questions will stimulate students' interest in doing exercises. In a word, diversified exercises not only enrich the content and form of exercises, but also greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of students to participate in the exercises, and play a promoting role in improving students' computing ability< 5. Cultivating good computing habits is the guarantee of improving computing ability.
good computing habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' computing ability“ My practice is: in extracurricular every day to arrange a certain number of calculation problems, let students complete independently, pay attention to the cultivation of good calculation habits
1. Let students form the habit of proofreading carefully. Students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols
2. Let students form the habit of serious examination. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method
3. Let students form the habit of standard writing. The standard writing format can express the students' operation ideas, calculation methods and steps, and prevent them from writing wrong numbers and operation symbols. Students are required to write neatly, with correct format, correct handwriting, no scribble, no alteration, and keep their homework neat and beautiful. Teachers should set an example for students
4. Let students form the habit of estimating and checking. We should teach them the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process, and advocate the use of estimation to check the correctness of the answers
5. Let students form the habit of mutual inspection. Students are required to check each other's homework on the basis of self-examination after the homework is completed, and then hand it over to the study group leader for review. They can point out the problems at any time, help analyze the causes of errors, correct them in time, and form the habit of consciously checking and correcting mistakes
when cultivating students' good calculation habits, teachers should be patient and persistent, unify methods and requirements, persevere and grasp them to the end
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process. It is not a matter of a day to improve students' computing ability. It is necessary to achieve regular, planned, step-by-step, hierarchical teaching, which varies from person to person. We should pay attention to speed in time, density in quantity, flexibility and novelty in form and content. Only when we teachers and students work together and persevere, can we achieve results.
6. 1、 Pay attention to the cultivation of students' estimation ability
the new curriculum includes the cultivation of students' estimation ability, which fully reflects the importance of estimation in mathematical calculation and real life. Estimation ability is also a very important aspect of a person's calculation ability. Good estimation ability has been proved to have four advantages: 1. Help us predict the calculation results; 2; 2. It can improve the ability of mathematical analysis; 3. It can solve real life problems; 4. Check whether the results are basically correct< In the classroom, the following steps are generally taken for oral arithmetic training; 1. Let the students work out the result first. 2. Then let the students talk about their own oral arithmetic methods, and give timely affirmation to good oral arithmetic methods. Sometimes for the same topic, you can ask the students if they have other oral arithmetic methods. 3. Finally, the teacher explained and emphasized the method of oral arithmetic
in addition to the oral arithmetic topics in the teaching materials, teachers should carefully prepare a certain number of exercises involving a variety of oral arithmetic methods, and let students practice repeatedly in the self-study class. We should interpenetrate the oral arithmetic training in the whole process of mathematics teaching, so as to make the oral arithmetic training regular and long-term, and graally improve the rapidity of students' mathematical calculation< Third, we are good at adopting simple algorithms. Some mathematical calculation questions have obvious characteristics of form and number structure. These characteristics are good opportunities for us to use simple algorithms. Through a certain number of simple calculation exercises, we not only improve students' observation ability and analysis ability, but also graally strengthen students' mathematical calculation skills and quickness, It also brings students happy spiritual enjoyment, which is of great benefit to stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics.
the new curriculum includes the cultivation of students' estimation ability, which fully reflects the importance of estimation in mathematical calculation and real life. Estimation ability is also a very important aspect of a person's calculation ability. Good estimation ability has been proved to have four advantages: 1. Help us predict the calculation results; 2; 2. It can improve the ability of mathematical analysis; 3. It can solve real life problems; 4. Check whether the results are basically correct< In the classroom, the following steps are generally taken for oral arithmetic training; 1. Let the students work out the result first. 2. Then let the students talk about their own oral arithmetic methods, and give timely affirmation to good oral arithmetic methods. Sometimes for the same topic, you can ask the students if they have other oral arithmetic methods. 3. Finally, the teacher explained and emphasized the method of oral arithmetic
in addition to the oral arithmetic topics in the teaching materials, teachers should carefully prepare a certain number of exercises involving a variety of oral arithmetic methods, and let students practice repeatedly in the self-study class. We should interpenetrate the oral arithmetic training in the whole process of mathematics teaching, so as to make the oral arithmetic training regular and long-term, and graally improve the rapidity of students' mathematical calculation< Third, we are good at adopting simple algorithms. Some mathematical calculation questions have obvious characteristics of form and number structure. These characteristics are good opportunities for us to use simple algorithms. Through a certain number of simple calculation exercises, we not only improve students' observation ability and analysis ability, but also graally strengthen students' mathematical calculation skills and quickness, It also brings students happy spiritual enjoyment, which is of great benefit to stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics.
7. As a mathematics teacher, we should cultivate students' calculation ability, teach them calculation methods, use calculation skills flexibly, and give them a free, happy and developing mathematics world< First, pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation and estimation ability
1. Pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation ability
to cultivate students' calculation ability, pay attention to basic oral calculation training, which is not only the basis of written calculation, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of calculation ability. Only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. Therefore, every student should lay a good foundation of oral arithmetic, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic and improve the ability of oral arithmetic
2. Pay attention to the cultivation of estimation ability
in ordinary classroom calculation learning, estimation can be carried out before calculation, so that students can reasonably and flexibly use a variety of methods to think about problems. After the calculation, the results are also estimated, so that students can get valuable test
for example: 124 * 42, let students estimate before calculation. Students regard 125 as 120 and 42 as 40125 * 40 = 5000, so 124 * 42 is about 5000. Then after the calculation, continue to let the students estimate that the two numbers are 4 and 2 respectively, so the proct must be 8. Compared with the calculated result, if it is not 8, it must be miscalculation, which has the effect of test
Second, pay attention to the calculation method and the teaching of thinking
some calculation learning is actually very simple for students, even if the teacher does not teach, most students will calculate. But as a teacher, we must not only be satisfied with the students' ability to calculate, but let the students understand the calculation principle from the process of solving problems, summarize the rules, and participate in the whole process of knowledge formation
for example, in the teaching of three digit by two digit, 102 * 24, from reviewing the calculation of two digit by two digit to three digit by two digit, most students can quickly calculate 102 * 24, and students habitually write 102 on the top and 24 on the bottom of 102 in the vertical column. On the surface, it seems that students can do it, However, if the teacher does not explain the calculation process, but suddenly writes 24 on the top and 102 on the bottom of 24, and lets the students list the vertical calculation, the students will start to make mistakes, and the students do not really understand the calculation principle. Therefore, a computing class is not only about computing power. Let students participate in the process of calculation, not only can calculate, but also know why to calculate, this is the real purpose of calculation class should achieve< (3) flexible application of simple methods
many students think that simple methods are a kind of calculation problems. Most students can do it when it is indicated that "simple methods are used to calculate", but when the same formula is put into practical problems, students can't think of using simple methods
for example, for the calculation of 38 + 75 + 62, put it into the application question, for example: on tree planting day, class 4 (1) planted 38 trees, class 4 (2) planted 75 trees, class 4 (4) planted 62 trees. How many trees have been planted in these three classes? Students quickly list the formula: 38 + 75 + 62, and then calculate the answers from left to right. Few students use simple methods. So we should let students understand the value of simple method, and make it as simple as possible. In addition, if students memorize some common data, they can better master the skills of calculation, which is helpful for students to achieve the requirements of "correct, rapid, reasonable and flexible". For example, 25 * 4 = 100, 125 * 8 = 1000 and so on
as a mathematics teacher, we should cultivate students' estimation ability, teach them estimation methods, use estimation skills flexibly, and give them a free, happy and developing mathematics world
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. Only the joint efforts of teachers and students can achieve results.
1. Pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation ability
to cultivate students' calculation ability, pay attention to basic oral calculation training, which is not only the basis of written calculation, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of calculation ability. Only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. Therefore, every student should lay a good foundation of oral arithmetic, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic and improve the ability of oral arithmetic
2. Pay attention to the cultivation of estimation ability
in ordinary classroom calculation learning, estimation can be carried out before calculation, so that students can reasonably and flexibly use a variety of methods to think about problems. After the calculation, the results are also estimated, so that students can get valuable test
for example: 124 * 42, let students estimate before calculation. Students regard 125 as 120 and 42 as 40125 * 40 = 5000, so 124 * 42 is about 5000. Then after the calculation, continue to let the students estimate that the two numbers are 4 and 2 respectively, so the proct must be 8. Compared with the calculated result, if it is not 8, it must be miscalculation, which has the effect of test
Second, pay attention to the calculation method and the teaching of thinking
some calculation learning is actually very simple for students, even if the teacher does not teach, most students will calculate. But as a teacher, we must not only be satisfied with the students' ability to calculate, but let the students understand the calculation principle from the process of solving problems, summarize the rules, and participate in the whole process of knowledge formation
for example, in the teaching of three digit by two digit, 102 * 24, from reviewing the calculation of two digit by two digit to three digit by two digit, most students can quickly calculate 102 * 24, and students habitually write 102 on the top and 24 on the bottom of 102 in the vertical column. On the surface, it seems that students can do it, However, if the teacher does not explain the calculation process, but suddenly writes 24 on the top and 102 on the bottom of 24, and lets the students list the vertical calculation, the students will start to make mistakes, and the students do not really understand the calculation principle. Therefore, a computing class is not only about computing power. Let students participate in the process of calculation, not only can calculate, but also know why to calculate, this is the real purpose of calculation class should achieve< (3) flexible application of simple methods
many students think that simple methods are a kind of calculation problems. Most students can do it when it is indicated that "simple methods are used to calculate", but when the same formula is put into practical problems, students can't think of using simple methods
for example, for the calculation of 38 + 75 + 62, put it into the application question, for example: on tree planting day, class 4 (1) planted 38 trees, class 4 (2) planted 75 trees, class 4 (4) planted 62 trees. How many trees have been planted in these three classes? Students quickly list the formula: 38 + 75 + 62, and then calculate the answers from left to right. Few students use simple methods. So we should let students understand the value of simple method, and make it as simple as possible. In addition, if students memorize some common data, they can better master the skills of calculation, which is helpful for students to achieve the requirements of "correct, rapid, reasonable and flexible". For example, 25 * 4 = 100, 125 * 8 = 1000 and so on
as a mathematics teacher, we should cultivate students' estimation ability, teach them estimation methods, use estimation skills flexibly, and give them a free, happy and developing mathematics world
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. Only the joint efforts of teachers and students can achieve results.
8. 3. The combination of written calculation and estimation, increase the teaching of estimation. Estimation has important practical value in real life, and it is also of great significance to the cultivation of students' number sense. Therefore, we should take the estimation as an important content of modern mathematics basic ecation, which can not only lay a good foundation for the development of students' mathematics, but also meet the needs of students' future life. Of course, we have some puzzles in the estimation: I remember when I was in primary school, we didn't use the word estimation in our textbooks, let alone the teaching of estimation. But I clearly remember that I was in grade five or six. After I finished the topic, I was able to roughly estimate the rationality of my results according to the data in the topic, So this may be the current estimation. Maybe I feel the significance and value of estimation unconsciously, and then apply it. But now, under the teacher's repeated explanation, our students have no idea what to do with the estimation. Under our over teaching and rigid evaluation, the estimation teaching deviates from its original intention. Because the teacher's awareness of accurate calculation is far stronger than that of estimation, in teaching, he can't pay attention to let the students understand the significance of estimation and experience the value of estimation. He just let the students discuss the estimation methods and results according to the textbook proceres, and soon put the main energy on guiding the students how to calculate accurately, making estimation a "chicken rib", which is tasteless to teach and can't be abandoned. The savvy students may be able to master the method of estimation and estimate correctly, and a large number of students will realize that as long as the result of estimation is close to the result of accurate calculation, it is estimation. In addition, accurate calculation is also the main method to test students' learning level. Even if the content of estimation occasionally appears, the process of estimation is generally not examined. Only the estimated results are required to be filled in, and the score can be given as long as the estimated value is within a certain range. In order to be on the safe side, many students simply work out the accurate results first, then get off the boat and write a value close to the accurate value, which is the origin of many estimated values in the examination paper. In order to ensure that the students do not lose points in the estimation questions, our teacher tried to recommend this "smart" method to the students in the class before the exam. What is the significance of estimation?
9. 1 Background of the project
to enable students to correctly calculate the four items of integer, decimal and fraction, to achieve a certain degree of proficiency in some of the basic calculation, and graally achieve reasonable and flexible calculation methods "
(2) the purpose of the project research
through the research of this project, the main purpose is to improve the calculation accuracy of students, And it can flexibly use various operation laws to complete relevant calculation quickly and accurately. To cultivate students' good habit of calculation and improve their ability of calculation< (3) the significance of project research
the process of learning computation is actually the process of cultivating and developing students' logical thinking ability.
to enable students to correctly calculate the four items of integer, decimal and fraction, to achieve a certain degree of proficiency in some of the basic calculation, and graally achieve reasonable and flexible calculation methods "
(2) the purpose of the project research
through the research of this project, the main purpose is to improve the calculation accuracy of students, And it can flexibly use various operation laws to complete relevant calculation quickly and accurately. To cultivate students' good habit of calculation and improve their ability of calculation< (3) the significance of project research
the process of learning computation is actually the process of cultivating and developing students' logical thinking ability.
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