Power grid and computing power

1. Voltage drop UD = u1-u2= Δ U+j δ U (UD, U1, U2 are all vectors)
Δ U is the transverse component, δ U is the longitudinal component

2.

Yunzun group is a pyramid scheme

in 2016, the Bureau of instry, commerce and quality supervision of wusheng County investigated and dealt with the case of Chen engaging in pyramid selling activities through yunzun group

according to the sales performance of off-line staff, Chen obtained corresponding e-money and cash rewards from yunxun company and yunzun group. Chen's behavior has constituted the pyramid selling behavior referred to in Article 7 of the regulations on the prohibition of pyramid selling, and the Bureau of instry, commerce and quality supervision of wusheng County is currently investigating and handling it

According to Article 7 of the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the prohibition of pyramid selling, pyramid selling should meet the following three requirements:

1; Capitation fee; Or & quot; Qualification fee & quot; Or pay in disguised form by subscribing for goods (including services) & quot; Capitation fee; Or & quot; Qualification fee & quot; Obtain the qualification to join or introce others to join

2. By introcing others to participate in the development of offline personnel, an organizational system with internal wealth redistribution relationship between the upper and lower levels is established

3. The organizer uses part of the expenses paid by the participants to pay the first participants to maintain the operation; The benefits of participants are determined by their joining order and the number of development personnel

extended data:

in 2016, Mr. Chen of wusheng County, introced by Mr. Jiang, a member of yunxun and Mr. Liu, a member of yunzun alliance, paid a certain fee and registered as a member of yunxun and yunzun Alliance on yunxun's member disk and yunzun alliance platform

then, Chen called some middle-aged and elderly people to publicize the profit model and bonus system of yunxun and yunzun alliance in the form of family gathering, flyer printing, wechat, etc., and took advantage of this to join the development staff, with each two people at a level, developing in a pyramid structure, and the development level reached 20 levels

source of reference: the official website of Guang'an municipal government - "Hongn Chunlei action 2017" typical case

3.

in November, the market value of iota soared more than 8 times, leaping to the top four in the digital currency list, successfully beating the old digital currency reborn. Iota mainly serves the Internet of things, and the point of speculation is also the Internet of things, and the Internet of things is also a popular concept in the past two years, so it is reasonable for the price of iota to soar. However, as an old digital currency, etc has begun to test the Internet of things as a breakthrough. So, as the two giants in the field of Internet of things, who can stand out in the future competition? Let's make a simple comparison

etc is the built-in encrypted digital currency of the original Ethereum chain, and the system has been running stably for a long time. Its core development team is composed of technical experts with rich experience in blockchain development. The decision-making and implementation of its technical scheme are democratic and scientific. The technology used by iota is similar to lightning network and lightning network. Lightning network technology itself is a more avant-garde technology. bitcoin core development group first proposed to use lightning network technology to solve the problem of bitcoin expansion, but it has only stayed in the theoretical stage and has not been put into practice. The community generally believes that this technology is lack of practical test and its stability needs to be tested

The cryptography theory and principle used by

etc has been widely used in other IT fields and has been verified and optimized for a long time. It is a mature, safe, reliable and efficient information technology. Iota uses balanced ternary (numerical system represented by three digits) on binary hardware devices, which leads to the design of the system is too complex and the computational efficiency is reced. Another serious problem of this design is that the cryptographic hash algorithm must be redesigned, which brings serious security risks. In short, this technology is still in the theoretical stage, too avant-garde, does not have the value of practical application

the issuance of etc is completely decentralized, the currency price is not easy to be manipulated, and the new monetary policy will be implemented soon, which will guarantee the upper limit of the issuance of etc from the system and make it a compact digital currency, so as to ensure its value storage attribute. Iota is an ICO project in 2014, which has always been neither hot nor hot. A large number of iota tokens are in the hands of a few people, and the price is easy to be manipulated, which is one of the reasons why the price has increased eight times in less than a month. This trend of centralization is very disadvantageous to the long-term development of the community. Iota does not need to mine, there is no transaction fee, each participant provides computing power for the network, and there is no corresponding incentive measures, which is extremely unfavorable to the stability of iota network

iota uses tangle technology, which is not a real blockchain, but just to solve the problem of blockchain expansion. Blockchain is just a cover for iota. Therefore, iota as a technology can be used in the Internet of things, but it can not be used as a digital currency

compared with iota's blind pursuit of new technology, new concept and new theory, etc is more keen on mature and stable technology and continuous innovation under the premise of safety and stability. The Internet of things is also one of the biggest application scenarios of etc. The etc development team has started to develop the Internet of things friendly virtual machine, making it universal, independent and efficient

in addition, in order to make better use of IOT applications, etc community has reached a consensus and made a development plan of cross chain operation function. In view of the increasing transaction data in the field of Internet of things, the fragmentation technology and side chain technology are designed to ensure the security and improve the efficiency. The goal of etcdev team is to make etc blockchain a stable and easy-to-use technology. It's better to slow down the development progress than to do some rash experiments to prevent irretrievable errors from causing users' losses in the future

In a word, etc is more like a stable and easy-to-use technology, while iota is more like a rash experiment. The most important thing for large-scale application of technology is to be stable and easy to use, rather than blindly pursuing new concepts and technologies. Therefore, etc has the incomparable universality of iota, and has stronger application support ability in the field of Internet of things

4.

From the perspective of data analysis, data center is undoubtedly a "big energy consumer". The annual power consumption of a super large data center is nearly 100 million kwh. The total electricity consumption of national data centers in 2018 is 160.889 billion kwh, which is more than the total social electricity consumption of Shanghai in 2018 (156.7 billion KWH), equivalent to the annual power generation of the Three Gorges dam

Internet giants such as Microsoft, Google, Alibaba and Tencent build green and efficient data centers. As instry promoters and practitioners of green energy-saving technology, enterprises are not only based on their own business needs, but also the major social responsibilities of enterprises and the whole instry. The above personal opinions are welcome to be criticized and corrected. Agree with me, please click like before you go, thank you! Like me, please pay attention to me, thank you again

5. Hot post background mark, manual reply will top paste, of course, you can also set the background top

6. 1. First of all, we should look at the design drawings to make clear what you want to do
2. Be familiar with power engineering and know how to do it
3. Be very familiar with "quota" and understand the amount of labor, material and money corresponding to dry process
4. I really can't. I learned to use the "budget quota" software in half a day, which is very easy to use.

7. The difference is not a unit

8. Electric power is a very general statement. In fact, the types of work in the field of electric power have the following aspects:
1

2

3. Other related enterprises generally provide equipment and technology for the above two companies, including many relay companies, design companies and so on.

9.

1、 Power grid: a whole composed of various voltage substations and transmission and distribution lines in the power system

Power system: a power proction and consumption system composed of power plants, transmission and distribution lines, power supply and distribution stations and power consumption

Power grid: transmit and distribute electric energy, change voltage

2. Power system: the primary energy in nature is transformed into electric energy by power generation device, and then the electric energy is supplied to each user through transmission, transformation and distribution. In order to realize this function, the power system also has corresponding information and control system in each link and at different levels to measure, regulate, control, protect, communicate and dispatch the proction process of electric energy

Three, different structure

1, power grid: including three units of transformation, transmission and distribution

Power system: the structure includes power supply (hydropower station, thermal power plant, nuclear power plant, etc.), substation (step-up substation, load center substation, etc.), transmission line, distribution line and load center

reference source: network power grid

reference source: network power system

10.

In power flow calculation, the node type of most generators is PV

in power engineering, "power flow" also refers to the distribution of voltage (including amplitude and phase angle), active power, reactive power, etc. The distribution of power flow must be known by operation and maintenance department

Power flow calculation refers to the calculation of the accurate value of power flow distribution through repeated iterations given the initial values of some parameters, known values and unknown values in the power grid. The common methods include Newton Raphson method and PQ decomposition method

power is injected into the network on the generator bus; The load is connected to the transformer (distribution) power station; Meanwhile, power flows in the network. For this kind of flowing power, the power proction department is called power flow

extended data:

I. development history

power flow calculation also provides initial operation mode for stability calculation and short-circuit current calculation, which is the most basic calculation of power system. The power flow calculation of complex power system must be completed by means of calculation tools

In the 1930s, the AC computing platform was once an effective tool for power flow calculation. Since 1950s, with the development of the application of digital computer and the progress of digital solution and calculation program for solving power flow problems in power system, digital computer has replaced AC computer as the main tool for solving power flow problems

now, in addition to a large number of off-line power flow calculation using digital computers in power system planning and operation, on-line power flow calculation using real-time data has begun to go to the practical stage in power system operation monitoring

Power flow calculation is the most basic and important calculation of power system. The so-called power flow calculation is to calculate the bus voltage, branch current, power and network loss in steady-state operation of power system by knowing the connection mode, parameters and operation conditions of power grid

for the running power system, it can be judged whether the bus voltage, branch current and power are out of limits by power flow calculation. If they are out of limits, measures should be taken to adjust the operation mode

for the planning power system, the power flow calculation can provide the basis for the selection of power supply scheme and electrical equipment. Power flow calculation can also provide original data for relay protection and automatic device setting calculation, power system fault calculation and stability calculation