News decentralization case
Publish: 2021-04-07 10:22:09
1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.
2. From the perspective of Internet development, decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the process of Internet development, and is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"
compared with the early Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is the result of the joint participation and equal power of all Internet users. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together
with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together
since then, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 have become more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, has made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified
from the perspective of astronomy, decentralization refers to the fact that the universe has no center, that is, a boundless mass without a central point.
compared with the early Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is the result of the joint participation and equal power of all Internet users. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together
with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together
since then, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 have become more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, has made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified
from the perspective of astronomy, decentralization refers to the fact that the universe has no center, that is, a boundless mass without a central point.
3. One of the characteristics of media theory is the wide ambiguity of various views. On the relationship between media and society, one of the focuses of the debate is the theoretical debate between "media centric" and "social centric", First, the view of "media center" lays particular stress on the field of media activities. It holds that the mass media, influenced by the irresistible driving force of the development of communication technology, has formed an independent force beyond the law of social movement. Mass communication has its own mode of operation and logic, highlighting the autonomy and influence of the media“ The view of "social center" regards the mass media as the reflection of political and economic forces, and holds that the media, just like its original intention, is only the carrier of information transmission. Therefore, the media theory is only a special application of the larger social theory. Second, the "media center" theory holds that the mass media has the ability to "acculturate" and "cultivate" the society, And regard the mass media as the main instigator of social change“ The theory of "social center" holds that media is always under the influence of social forces. It belongs to society and bears special responsibility for society. It is not difficult to see that the differences between theories are irreconcilable e to different footholds
4. Bitcoin, Leyte coin, dogcoin, Diandian coin, American card coin, bitstock, dark coin, black coin, Ruibo coin, Malaysian coin, Mediterranean coin, Yuanbao coin, Zhaocai coin, sand coin, network gold
5. Hello, your problem, I seem to have encountered before, the following is my original solution ideas and methods, hope to help you, if there is a mistake, please forgive me! Do not conct any transactions on the illegal platform. The risk on the illegal platform is too great. Once you run away, you will lose everything. Thank you very much for your patience. If you have any help, please accept it. I wish you a happy life! thank you!
6.
The core and essence of decentralization is actually the way of information dissemination and acquisition. Information (here refers to information in a broad sense, including all kinds of content that users can see, including news, goods, notices, announcements, etc.) is spread in two ways: centralization and socialization. The "decentralization" of wechat expected by Zhang Xiaolong is to spread (obtain) information through more social ways, spread through user relations in social networks, and allow users to spread or obtain information without centralized traffic entrance
< HR / > 
in a word, decentralization is not separated from the platform, it does not rely on the platform diversion, it is only the acquaintance around you, it is called decentralization, the real decentralization is to rely on the social network, so that the information of businesses and commodities can be spread more widely, and more traffic sources can be obtained, not just the centralized platform diversion < br />
7. In other words, the Communist Party of China always represents the interests of the people and the country. After more than one hundred years of humiliation, the Chinese people hope to live and work in peace and contentment, and the Communist Party of China sometimes finally safeguards the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, so it takes the socialist road. What the KMT wants to take is the capitalist road. Only the capitalists can get rich. The working class (the people) is always oppressed, and they have to face the problem of unemployment. However, the government only regulates the capitalist instry and commerce, and does not safeguard the interests of the people. The people can not live and work in peace and contentment. Therefore, China's socialist road is the choice of history and the people.
8. Lingshi Finance:
News hype
1. The best advertising is news advertising. Pope Ogilvy said that advertising is a kind of sales promotion on paper. The purpose of advertising is to sell goods. The purpose of establishing a brand is to sell more goods for several years. In 1997, American Thomas H. Davenport and John Beck published the attention economy. Since then, "attention economy" has attracted widespread attention. When the supply of information exceeds the need (which the indivial can digest), attention will drop. Therefore, in the face of the avalanche of information (from the Internet, television, advertising, newspapers, magazines, etc.), a person's "attention" immediately becomes a rare and precious resource. How to control a person's attention, how to prevent the laxity of attention, how to attract attention, how to make the most of attention and so on, has become a new field attention economy. As we all know, today is an era of information explosion. Everyone is exposed to countless personal related or irrelevant information every day, and his nerves are numb. We have ushered in the era of excess information dissemination. The massive accumulation of information and the omnipresence of channels make information no longer scarce for people, but increasingly accessible. On the contrary, people's choice of attention has become a scarce resource pursued by the market. In this context, it is difficult to stand out in the competition of many homogeneous, repetitive and equivalent information, and show the value of "must choose" only by the general dissemination of information. Ordinary consumers have a natural aversion to advertising, which makes the vast majority of people turn a blind eye to advertising even if it is placed in front of them. What's more, those advertisements in pursuit of the so-called "effect" are filtered out by consumers, and the news has become the most attractive place. Print advertising, film and television advertising, soft text, activities, they are nothing more than a form of advertising. In view of China's local market, how can we make really effective and excellent advertising? To sum up, I think the best advertising is news. Therefore, we should make use of news events (hot spots of public opinion) to artificially create news, events and hot spots of public opinion. We should make full use of the topic and force, concentrate our superior forces, and then make a single breakthrough. However, we must ensure the conspicuity of every news item. As the competition between newspapers and TV stations intensifies and the variety is renovated, those whose news and programs are not brilliant will not be able to attract the audience, so they will soon be eliminated in the competition and spread in the instry. If many newspaper reporters can't return five manuscripts every day, they will never see the editor. Therefore, our planners have the obligation to "help" the reporters. Journalists are afraid that the world will not be in chaos. The key to arousing the media is to create excitement. As long as they succeed in secing the reporters, they will not be surprised. Always remember: peace doesn't belong to planners or journalists. Therefore, I put forward: news needs to be planned, media reporters need to "sece", and the key to success lies in whether your news "material" attracts them. 2、 There are 13 ways to sece the media to hype. 1. Suspense materials sece hype. There are two premises for suspense sece: 1. One or two so-called core and mysterious selling points should be refined. 2. According to the schele, shake the burden slowly. Don't put all the information at one time, say half and keep half. Case: (Shu Guohua) Haci al network card: at the invitation of Haci al network card agent in Cheng, the amateur mastermind plans al network card. The proct is to cut two ordinary SIM / UIM cards into small ones, put them on the double hole mother card, and synthesize one card, then add a stainless steel back cover, and finally install the mother card in the SIM card or UIM card holder of mobile phone, Through a simple circuit switch to switch which card to choose, using this physical method to realize the function of al number with China Mobile one card. On August 13, 2003, the A1 edition of Cheng Business Daily published the full page news of "refitting the mobile phone card, and the refitted" two in one "mobile phone card can realize the free conversion of the G-Net and the C-NET", and on August 14, the 1 / 3 page of the A19 Edition of Cheng Business Daily published the news of "mobile phone hackers startling Taisheng road · tracking, Operators don't know how to make the two networks compatible. "On August 15, the A17 edition of Cheng Business Daily News" behind the "al network card" is Haci. According to the materials provided by Haci, the market value of the "al network card" exceeds 2 billion yuan. "Because of the suspense, there were 1200 media and web pages across the country at that time, and the sales of Haci's Sichuan agent's al network card rose all the way in Sichuan Shu Guohua) mobile phone hacker Wang series: in late August 2003, I used my spare time knowledge in the communication instry to provide strong legal evidence for the case of "Huang AMA's sex trade". Once I chatted with a reporter friend about it, and my friend suggested to report it. I suggested to use suspense report, so I provided some considerable facts and participated in the whole process of changing the press release, I took pictures of me wearing sunglasses from all angles On September 12, 2003, the A1 edition of Cheng Business Daily was illustrated with the picture "facing Cheng mobile phone hackers directly", and the B3 edition of the full page of "Cheng mobile phone hackers mysteriously show up" on September 12, 2003. Once the report came out, the phone of the news department of Cheng Business Daily was knocked out, and a continuous stream of people were asked to solve the case. The follow-up report continued. On September 17, the A9 edition of Cheng Business Daily News "hacker king, SMS harm me" put the suspense at the top. On December 31, 2003, the half edition of A59 edition of 100 gold edition of Cheng Business Daily reported "lost mobile phone, can hacker king find it?" this series of suspense news is the first in Southwest China and even in the whole country. This series of news makes me add the title of "mobile hacker king" to the communication instry on the basis of the original title of "terminal king" in the communication instry and training instry. 2. The fall style section stir fry some familiar things, and proces a relative thinking set in ordinary people's minds. Once this set is broken, people feel like weightlessness in space, shake off the original supporting legs and install new legs. This kind of section should have the skill of seeing the strange in the ordinary, be good at refining ordinary materials, and make the media refreshing, Let the public or the public refreshing. Case: (Liu Xuehai) choose to lie on one's ear case: (Liu Xuehai) choose pregnant women and beauties case: 3. The celebrity effect is the first choice of character speculation, and the celebrity is the focus of people's attention. The so-called effect has two connotations of effect and function, which is a very practical and material word. The key to the celebrity effect is the celebrity's popularity, which is also a person's social cognition. This is the reason why the celebrity effect has appeal. In order to quickly become famous and achieve some business purposes, deliberately "provoke" celebrities, at the expense of some of their own interests to come close to a celebrity to create a cause, attract the media hook, and become famous and achieve the purpose with celebrities. Just like Lewinsky's affair with Clinton, the whole world knows about Lewinsky. Case: (Zhou Xuan) Zhou Xuan and Zhang Tielin: "the emperor amah has a sex deal." Cheng Nongjiale plans to invite Zhang Yimou to be the "ambassador of Sichuan cuisine" to make an advertisement. 4. The most (first) series intrigues people to remember only the first (for example, people know that the world's first peak is Mount Qomolangma, but they don't know what the world's second peak is), because everyone wants to be the first, From the psychological analysis, the first and second is a kind of reference comparison. Without the second, there will be no first. Therefore, the first method is to "base happiness on other people's pain". New things are often the things that people remember the most. Followers will not attract more attention, but will only bring more criticism and coldness. People will only remember the first thing. Chinese Baijiu hot pot act in a diametrically opposite way: (Hao Tong, Yang Fei) in 1999, the the Great Wall century jumped Sichuan old Chinese medicine for 60 days (world first) (the world's first). (Shuijingfang group) one of the first Chinese liquor (.1573), the first big pot of Chongqing, the first big chafing dish of the 5 of the first in Chongqing, and the reverse type of the ancient Chinese people, which was "anti the other way". Reverse hype is to introce readers from one concept to another. Nature and the development of things have their own laws. In order to attract people's curiosity and break the traditional laws, planners do the opposite, break through people's habitual way of thinking and go against people's established rules. Case: (Liu Xuehai) civil recruitment case of ark aluminum The chip of PHS doesn't drop He successfully planned an open letter from Chairman Wang Xiaojin to consumers all over the country. 6. In real life, although black and white are opposite, for people who love to watch the crowd, the stronger the opposition, the more enthusiastic they are. And the differentiated psychological inction makes readers have a complete understanding of the event unconsciously. The result is noncommittal, and the awareness of hype has reached. Secondly, when the news is not hot enough, it is necessary to arrange the so-called positive and negative views "media" to call the newspaper, so as to make the media pay attention to the matter and let the public pay attention to it, so as to achieve the purpose of speculation. Case: (Zhang Xiangqing, chairman of Tianjin Rongcheng iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.) 500, 000 years of Wuliangye Liquor in the cellar. 7. Controversial section and speculation: as long as the Chinese people's privacy, color, love and hatred for the rich are related to wine, color, money and gas, they are wandering on the edge of law and morality, causing controversy. This article focuses on the gap between people's moral concept and law, It seems to be against the law and human ethics, but there is no definite legal provisions. Journalists often report more controversial (or even negative) news than positive news, and the more controversial (or even negative) news reports spread. Case: (Kunming Xiaoyi Entertainment Co., Ltd.) Huaishi restaurant in Hefeng village of Kunming first "performance" and "beauty body feast", and the event of female college students' jade body serving dishes made the resort a sea of people for a while Qianfuxing mobile phone rest set: invited by qianfuxing Cheng dealer, planning mobile phone rest set marketing activities. The proct is the mobile phone cover after the leather case, because the shielding effect no signal, voice prompt: the user can not connect. Through the analysis, it is decided to start from the controversial function of the proct: whether to be polite to people and whether to be loyal to people. On October 22, 2003, the West China Metropolis Daily published the news "is it suitable to use the mobile phone rest cover" on page 21, 1 / 3, and opened a hotline to discuss the matter Qin quanyao, Jiang Heping) Beijing Fuya company chairman drinks paint incident 8. Expose the black curtain to sece hype a expose others' black curtain: in order to show their own nature, they do not hesitate to expose the black hole of the instry, and highlight their own advantages with other people's shortcomings. In essence, it is a form of comparison, where other people are black, and how can I make the public hate the black hole and recognize themselves. Case: Xintian wine exposes foreign garbage incident in China's wine instry
News hype
1. The best advertising is news advertising. Pope Ogilvy said that advertising is a kind of sales promotion on paper. The purpose of advertising is to sell goods. The purpose of establishing a brand is to sell more goods for several years. In 1997, American Thomas H. Davenport and John Beck published the attention economy. Since then, "attention economy" has attracted widespread attention. When the supply of information exceeds the need (which the indivial can digest), attention will drop. Therefore, in the face of the avalanche of information (from the Internet, television, advertising, newspapers, magazines, etc.), a person's "attention" immediately becomes a rare and precious resource. How to control a person's attention, how to prevent the laxity of attention, how to attract attention, how to make the most of attention and so on, has become a new field attention economy. As we all know, today is an era of information explosion. Everyone is exposed to countless personal related or irrelevant information every day, and his nerves are numb. We have ushered in the era of excess information dissemination. The massive accumulation of information and the omnipresence of channels make information no longer scarce for people, but increasingly accessible. On the contrary, people's choice of attention has become a scarce resource pursued by the market. In this context, it is difficult to stand out in the competition of many homogeneous, repetitive and equivalent information, and show the value of "must choose" only by the general dissemination of information. Ordinary consumers have a natural aversion to advertising, which makes the vast majority of people turn a blind eye to advertising even if it is placed in front of them. What's more, those advertisements in pursuit of the so-called "effect" are filtered out by consumers, and the news has become the most attractive place. Print advertising, film and television advertising, soft text, activities, they are nothing more than a form of advertising. In view of China's local market, how can we make really effective and excellent advertising? To sum up, I think the best advertising is news. Therefore, we should make use of news events (hot spots of public opinion) to artificially create news, events and hot spots of public opinion. We should make full use of the topic and force, concentrate our superior forces, and then make a single breakthrough. However, we must ensure the conspicuity of every news item. As the competition between newspapers and TV stations intensifies and the variety is renovated, those whose news and programs are not brilliant will not be able to attract the audience, so they will soon be eliminated in the competition and spread in the instry. If many newspaper reporters can't return five manuscripts every day, they will never see the editor. Therefore, our planners have the obligation to "help" the reporters. Journalists are afraid that the world will not be in chaos. The key to arousing the media is to create excitement. As long as they succeed in secing the reporters, they will not be surprised. Always remember: peace doesn't belong to planners or journalists. Therefore, I put forward: news needs to be planned, media reporters need to "sece", and the key to success lies in whether your news "material" attracts them. 2、 There are 13 ways to sece the media to hype. 1. Suspense materials sece hype. There are two premises for suspense sece: 1. One or two so-called core and mysterious selling points should be refined. 2. According to the schele, shake the burden slowly. Don't put all the information at one time, say half and keep half. Case: (Shu Guohua) Haci al network card: at the invitation of Haci al network card agent in Cheng, the amateur mastermind plans al network card. The proct is to cut two ordinary SIM / UIM cards into small ones, put them on the double hole mother card, and synthesize one card, then add a stainless steel back cover, and finally install the mother card in the SIM card or UIM card holder of mobile phone, Through a simple circuit switch to switch which card to choose, using this physical method to realize the function of al number with China Mobile one card. On August 13, 2003, the A1 edition of Cheng Business Daily published the full page news of "refitting the mobile phone card, and the refitted" two in one "mobile phone card can realize the free conversion of the G-Net and the C-NET", and on August 14, the 1 / 3 page of the A19 Edition of Cheng Business Daily published the news of "mobile phone hackers startling Taisheng road · tracking, Operators don't know how to make the two networks compatible. "On August 15, the A17 edition of Cheng Business Daily News" behind the "al network card" is Haci. According to the materials provided by Haci, the market value of the "al network card" exceeds 2 billion yuan. "Because of the suspense, there were 1200 media and web pages across the country at that time, and the sales of Haci's Sichuan agent's al network card rose all the way in Sichuan Shu Guohua) mobile phone hacker Wang series: in late August 2003, I used my spare time knowledge in the communication instry to provide strong legal evidence for the case of "Huang AMA's sex trade". Once I chatted with a reporter friend about it, and my friend suggested to report it. I suggested to use suspense report, so I provided some considerable facts and participated in the whole process of changing the press release, I took pictures of me wearing sunglasses from all angles On September 12, 2003, the A1 edition of Cheng Business Daily was illustrated with the picture "facing Cheng mobile phone hackers directly", and the B3 edition of the full page of "Cheng mobile phone hackers mysteriously show up" on September 12, 2003. Once the report came out, the phone of the news department of Cheng Business Daily was knocked out, and a continuous stream of people were asked to solve the case. The follow-up report continued. On September 17, the A9 edition of Cheng Business Daily News "hacker king, SMS harm me" put the suspense at the top. On December 31, 2003, the half edition of A59 edition of 100 gold edition of Cheng Business Daily reported "lost mobile phone, can hacker king find it?" this series of suspense news is the first in Southwest China and even in the whole country. This series of news makes me add the title of "mobile hacker king" to the communication instry on the basis of the original title of "terminal king" in the communication instry and training instry. 2. The fall style section stir fry some familiar things, and proces a relative thinking set in ordinary people's minds. Once this set is broken, people feel like weightlessness in space, shake off the original supporting legs and install new legs. This kind of section should have the skill of seeing the strange in the ordinary, be good at refining ordinary materials, and make the media refreshing, Let the public or the public refreshing. Case: (Liu Xuehai) choose to lie on one's ear case: (Liu Xuehai) choose pregnant women and beauties case: 3. The celebrity effect is the first choice of character speculation, and the celebrity is the focus of people's attention. The so-called effect has two connotations of effect and function, which is a very practical and material word. The key to the celebrity effect is the celebrity's popularity, which is also a person's social cognition. This is the reason why the celebrity effect has appeal. In order to quickly become famous and achieve some business purposes, deliberately "provoke" celebrities, at the expense of some of their own interests to come close to a celebrity to create a cause, attract the media hook, and become famous and achieve the purpose with celebrities. Just like Lewinsky's affair with Clinton, the whole world knows about Lewinsky. Case: (Zhou Xuan) Zhou Xuan and Zhang Tielin: "the emperor amah has a sex deal." Cheng Nongjiale plans to invite Zhang Yimou to be the "ambassador of Sichuan cuisine" to make an advertisement. 4. The most (first) series intrigues people to remember only the first (for example, people know that the world's first peak is Mount Qomolangma, but they don't know what the world's second peak is), because everyone wants to be the first, From the psychological analysis, the first and second is a kind of reference comparison. Without the second, there will be no first. Therefore, the first method is to "base happiness on other people's pain". New things are often the things that people remember the most. Followers will not attract more attention, but will only bring more criticism and coldness. People will only remember the first thing. Chinese Baijiu hot pot act in a diametrically opposite way: (Hao Tong, Yang Fei) in 1999, the the Great Wall century jumped Sichuan old Chinese medicine for 60 days (world first) (the world's first). (Shuijingfang group) one of the first Chinese liquor (.1573), the first big pot of Chongqing, the first big chafing dish of the 5 of the first in Chongqing, and the reverse type of the ancient Chinese people, which was "anti the other way". Reverse hype is to introce readers from one concept to another. Nature and the development of things have their own laws. In order to attract people's curiosity and break the traditional laws, planners do the opposite, break through people's habitual way of thinking and go against people's established rules. Case: (Liu Xuehai) civil recruitment case of ark aluminum The chip of PHS doesn't drop He successfully planned an open letter from Chairman Wang Xiaojin to consumers all over the country. 6. In real life, although black and white are opposite, for people who love to watch the crowd, the stronger the opposition, the more enthusiastic they are. And the differentiated psychological inction makes readers have a complete understanding of the event unconsciously. The result is noncommittal, and the awareness of hype has reached. Secondly, when the news is not hot enough, it is necessary to arrange the so-called positive and negative views "media" to call the newspaper, so as to make the media pay attention to the matter and let the public pay attention to it, so as to achieve the purpose of speculation. Case: (Zhang Xiangqing, chairman of Tianjin Rongcheng iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.) 500, 000 years of Wuliangye Liquor in the cellar. 7. Controversial section and speculation: as long as the Chinese people's privacy, color, love and hatred for the rich are related to wine, color, money and gas, they are wandering on the edge of law and morality, causing controversy. This article focuses on the gap between people's moral concept and law, It seems to be against the law and human ethics, but there is no definite legal provisions. Journalists often report more controversial (or even negative) news than positive news, and the more controversial (or even negative) news reports spread. Case: (Kunming Xiaoyi Entertainment Co., Ltd.) Huaishi restaurant in Hefeng village of Kunming first "performance" and "beauty body feast", and the event of female college students' jade body serving dishes made the resort a sea of people for a while Qianfuxing mobile phone rest set: invited by qianfuxing Cheng dealer, planning mobile phone rest set marketing activities. The proct is the mobile phone cover after the leather case, because the shielding effect no signal, voice prompt: the user can not connect. Through the analysis, it is decided to start from the controversial function of the proct: whether to be polite to people and whether to be loyal to people. On October 22, 2003, the West China Metropolis Daily published the news "is it suitable to use the mobile phone rest cover" on page 21, 1 / 3, and opened a hotline to discuss the matter Qin quanyao, Jiang Heping) Beijing Fuya company chairman drinks paint incident 8. Expose the black curtain to sece hype a expose others' black curtain: in order to show their own nature, they do not hesitate to expose the black hole of the instry, and highlight their own advantages with other people's shortcomings. In essence, it is a form of comparison, where other people are black, and how can I make the public hate the black hole and recognize themselves. Case: Xintian wine exposes foreign garbage incident in China's wine instry
9. Wenchuan earthquake made a large number of houses collapse and become ruins. As soon as possible, it is the heartfelt desire of many disaster victims to build their own house, which looks pleasant and comfortable to live in. But the victims should bear in mind that in order to ensure the smooth progress of housing construction, they must act in accordance with the law and never run the red light of the law
red light 1: the building address does not conform to the reconstruction plan
Case: Lao Zhou's village is in the center of the earthquake and completely collapsed. Because his family's economic conditions are fair and he has some savings, he doesn't want to add too much trouble to the government. After clearing the ruins, he is planning to build his own house on his own. When the village Party branch secretary learned of this, he reminded him: "our village was damaged by the May 12 earthquake, with serious landslides, special geological conditions and fragile ecology. Whether to move the village as a whole remains to be determined by the rehabilitation and reconstruction plan of the higher authorities." It suddenly dawned on Lao Zhou that if he had worked hard to rebuild his house, and then a more detailed reconstruction plan would come out, the result would be that it was not suitable to build a house here, and all the original residents had to move away. Then, the new house would naturally be idle, and would he not suffer a great loss? So he decided to wait for the local reconstruction plan to come out
comments: the post earthquake recovery and reconstruction plan mainly includes the overall plan for recovery and reconstruction, urban system plan, rural construction plan, urban and rural housing construction plan and other special plans. It is jointly prepared by the development and Reform Department of the State Council, relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people's Government of the earthquake stricken area, and implemented after being approved by the State Council. The second paragraph of Article 29 of the regulations on post Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction promulgated by the State Council stipulates that "post earthquake recovery and reconstruction planning shall focus on the arrangement of urban and rural layout, housing construction and infrastructure construction." Moreover, the first paragraph of Article 33 further stipulates: "the plan for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction approved by the State Council is the basic basis for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction and shall be published in a timely manner. All units and indivials shall abide by the plans for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction approved and published according to law, and shall be subject to the administration of the plans. " In this case, since the geological conditions of laozhoujia's location are complex and not suitable for housing construction, it needs to be determined by the restoration and reconstruction planning whether the place is a residential area and then whether housing construction is allowed. It was very wise of Lao Zhou to delay the construction of his house< Case: Zhihua's house was damaged in the earthquake, and he is planning to rebuild it. Building not only needs cement, red brick, steel and so on, but also needs a lot of river sand and wood. He believes that cement, red brick and steel must be purchased, but river sand can be g out by oneself in the river not far from home; The wood can be cut down directly on the mountain of responsibility. His wife listened and reminded him, "if you do that, be careful to break the law."
comments: China implements the river sand mining license system According to Article 25 of the regulations on the administration of river courses, sand and soil excavation within the scope of river course administration shall be reported to the competent authorities for approval. It can be seen that the sand in the river can not be mined at will. In addition, forest is a green treasure house, which plays a very important role in preventing wind and fixing sand, conserving soil and water, and beautifying the environment. As the ecological benefits of forest far exceed its economic benefits, China attaches great importance to the protection of forest resources and implements a strict examination and approval system for forest cutting Article 32 of the forest law stipulates: "to cut trees, one must apply for a cutting license and cut trees according to the provisions of the license; Except for the felling of private plots and scattered trees owned by indivials in front and behind houses by rural residents. " In this case, Zhihua did not get the sand mining license in the river channel; The trees on his responsible mountain do not belong to "the scattered trees owned by the rural residents themselves or in front of and behind their houses". They must be felled with certificates, and they can not be felled at will without a felling license in accordance with the law. Otherwise, they will be punished by law<
red light 3: the Contractor's qualification is not required for contracting projects
Case: Lao Ma is a plasterer in Wenchuan disaster area and often contracts infrastructure projects outside. Mingfei's house was destroyed by the earthquake, and initially decided to rebuild a three story building with an area of more than 300 square meters, and planned to hand over the project to Lao ma. One of Mingfei's classmates reminded him that Lao Ma is just an indivial contractor, not a regular construction enterprise. It seems inappropriate for him to contract the house to him for construction? Mingfei replied indifferently, "it doesn't matter. He has built many houses and is very good at architecture."
comments: Article 2 of China's "construction law" stipulates that "this Law shall be abided by when engaging in construction activities within the territory of the people's Republic of China and implementing the supervision and management of construction activities. The term "construction activities" as used in this Law refers to the construction of various types of housing buildings and their ancillary facilities and the installation of their supporting lines, pipelines and equipment. " Among them, "all kinds of housing construction" naturally includes all kinds of post disaster reconstruction housing. Therefore, the disaster victims must also abide by the provisions of the law when building houses. The first paragraph of Article 26 of the law also stipulates: "the contractor of construction project shall hold the qualification certificate obtained according to law and contract the project within the business scope permitted by its qualification level." That is to say, the act of contracting projects without qualification certificate, or the act of contracting projects beyond the level of qualification certificate even though the qualification certificate has been obtained, is prohibited. If the act is carried out, it will be punished. According to Article 65 of the law, those who contract out projects to contractors without corresponding qualifications shall be ordered to make corrections and fined; Those who undertake projects without qualification certificate shall be banned and fined, and their illegal income shall be confiscated
in this case, if Mingfei does contract out the project to laoma, even if the competent department does not punish him, once a safety accident occurs in the construction, Mingfei is also at fault because it does not check whether laoma has the corresponding qualifications when contracting out the project, and should bear certain responsibilities. It can be seen that it is a serious violation of the law to contract housing to unqualified people for construction, and the risk is too great< After four years and seven months, China's first securities case, the civil compensation for misrepresentation in Dongfang Electronic securities market, has been settled! On September 10, 2007, the reporter learned from Qing intermediate people's Court of Shandong Province that in addition to the unqualified plaintiffs (who are not within the scope of compensation, the lawsuit has been withdrawn) and more than 100 plaintiffs with incomplete information (who will compensate for the existing electronic information), the rest 6800 plaintiffs have accepted the mediation< In order to correctly hear the civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market, standardize the civil behaviors in the securities market, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, the Supreme People's court, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, and in combination with the actual situation and trial practice of the securities market, On January 9, 2003, the "Several Provisions on the trial of civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market" was issued and came into effect on February 1, 2003. On February 8, 2003, Qing intermediate people's court accepted the case of Cao Xiaomei and other seven shareholders suing Yantai Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Co., Ltd. This is the first lawsuit brought by a senior executive of a listed company who was sentenced for providing false financial reports after the implementation of the regulation. It is also the first batch of plaintiffs in the "Dongfang Electronic Case"
from the time the criminal judgment came into effect to the end of January 2005, the limitation of action expired. In two years, Qing intermediate people's court accepted 2716 cases involving "Dongfang Electronics", with 442 million yuan of litigation objects, 18 million yuan of litigation costs and 6989 plaintiffs. After the case was accepted, as China's stock market has been a bear market from 2003 to the first half of 2006, the shareholders who filed the lawsuit are eager to get compensation, because they not only suffered heavy losses on this stock, but also suffered losses on other stocks, only other stocks can not seek judicial relief
as for the defendant, the top management has changed greatly, the false statement has been exposed, the CSRC has intervened in the investigation, and the market has shrunk sharply... In this case, the defendant's negative response to the lawsuit is also a normal reaction, including using legal means, such as raising jurisdiction objection, to achieve the purpose of delaying the lawsuit
in terms of civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market, the amount of the subject matter of the case is the first in the country, the number of prosecutions is the first in the country, and the mediation rate is the first in the country< From the case filing situation, the "Dongfang Electronic Case" can be described as complicated: some plaintiffs sued the listed company Yantai Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Co., Ltd; Some of the plaintiffs sued Sui Yuan, Gao Feng and Fang Yue; In order to get more relief, some plaintiffs not only listed Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Group as the defendant, but also listed Shandong qianju limited liability accounting firm as the defendant... As a result, the case is difficult to be tried together. In addition, the calculation method of compensation for loss is also different. Some use simple addition and subtraction method, some use arithmetic average method, some use first in first out method, and some use moving weighted average method. Their claims vary greatly
in this case, Qing intermediate people's court held a trial in November 2004. Through the trial, many problems were found: the defendant raised an objection to the identity of the plaintiff as a shareholder, some of the information provided by the plaintiff could not be seen clearly, let alone the seal on the information, and the defendant was worried that the plaintiff might conceal information that was not beneficial to him
so, how to solve this problem? Later, the plaintiff applied to the court to obtain the electronic transaction records of the shareholders at Shenzhen Stock Exchange. During this period, the judge went to the exchange four times. The first two times was to obtain the identity and shareholder code of most of the plaintiffs. The third time was to inquire about the internal shares, original shares and allotment shares of the employees. The fourth time was to make the final effort for incomplete information
at the beginning of the trial, the trial judge found that nearly 7000 shareholders could not be calculated by hand. First, the workload was very large, and second, he did not dare to guarantee 100% accuracy. For this reason, the court considered to design a software to solve this problem. Originally, it thought that the design of the software was very simple, and that it could be solved by simply setting up several formulas with Excel table. Later, it was found that the situation was far from that, because everyone's situation was very different. Some people bought one stroke, while others bought more than one stroke. During this period, "Dongfang Electronics" had four exclusions, It is very troublesome to deal with it. It is necessary to calculate not only the loss of investment balance, but also the loss of commission, interest and stamp ty. In order to regulate the market, the state has adjusted the interest and stamp ty many times ring this period. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the procere for each problem. However, in the end, the purpose of accurately calculating the amount of compensation for losses is achieved
in order to make both the plaintiff and the defendant understand, the court also made a decision on the software
red light 1: the building address does not conform to the reconstruction plan
Case: Lao Zhou's village is in the center of the earthquake and completely collapsed. Because his family's economic conditions are fair and he has some savings, he doesn't want to add too much trouble to the government. After clearing the ruins, he is planning to build his own house on his own. When the village Party branch secretary learned of this, he reminded him: "our village was damaged by the May 12 earthquake, with serious landslides, special geological conditions and fragile ecology. Whether to move the village as a whole remains to be determined by the rehabilitation and reconstruction plan of the higher authorities." It suddenly dawned on Lao Zhou that if he had worked hard to rebuild his house, and then a more detailed reconstruction plan would come out, the result would be that it was not suitable to build a house here, and all the original residents had to move away. Then, the new house would naturally be idle, and would he not suffer a great loss? So he decided to wait for the local reconstruction plan to come out
comments: the post earthquake recovery and reconstruction plan mainly includes the overall plan for recovery and reconstruction, urban system plan, rural construction plan, urban and rural housing construction plan and other special plans. It is jointly prepared by the development and Reform Department of the State Council, relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people's Government of the earthquake stricken area, and implemented after being approved by the State Council. The second paragraph of Article 29 of the regulations on post Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction promulgated by the State Council stipulates that "post earthquake recovery and reconstruction planning shall focus on the arrangement of urban and rural layout, housing construction and infrastructure construction." Moreover, the first paragraph of Article 33 further stipulates: "the plan for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction approved by the State Council is the basic basis for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction and shall be published in a timely manner. All units and indivials shall abide by the plans for post earthquake recovery and reconstruction approved and published according to law, and shall be subject to the administration of the plans. " In this case, since the geological conditions of laozhoujia's location are complex and not suitable for housing construction, it needs to be determined by the restoration and reconstruction planning whether the place is a residential area and then whether housing construction is allowed. It was very wise of Lao Zhou to delay the construction of his house< Case: Zhihua's house was damaged in the earthquake, and he is planning to rebuild it. Building not only needs cement, red brick, steel and so on, but also needs a lot of river sand and wood. He believes that cement, red brick and steel must be purchased, but river sand can be g out by oneself in the river not far from home; The wood can be cut down directly on the mountain of responsibility. His wife listened and reminded him, "if you do that, be careful to break the law."
comments: China implements the river sand mining license system According to Article 25 of the regulations on the administration of river courses, sand and soil excavation within the scope of river course administration shall be reported to the competent authorities for approval. It can be seen that the sand in the river can not be mined at will. In addition, forest is a green treasure house, which plays a very important role in preventing wind and fixing sand, conserving soil and water, and beautifying the environment. As the ecological benefits of forest far exceed its economic benefits, China attaches great importance to the protection of forest resources and implements a strict examination and approval system for forest cutting Article 32 of the forest law stipulates: "to cut trees, one must apply for a cutting license and cut trees according to the provisions of the license; Except for the felling of private plots and scattered trees owned by indivials in front and behind houses by rural residents. " In this case, Zhihua did not get the sand mining license in the river channel; The trees on his responsible mountain do not belong to "the scattered trees owned by the rural residents themselves or in front of and behind their houses". They must be felled with certificates, and they can not be felled at will without a felling license in accordance with the law. Otherwise, they will be punished by law<
red light 3: the Contractor's qualification is not required for contracting projects
Case: Lao Ma is a plasterer in Wenchuan disaster area and often contracts infrastructure projects outside. Mingfei's house was destroyed by the earthquake, and initially decided to rebuild a three story building with an area of more than 300 square meters, and planned to hand over the project to Lao ma. One of Mingfei's classmates reminded him that Lao Ma is just an indivial contractor, not a regular construction enterprise. It seems inappropriate for him to contract the house to him for construction? Mingfei replied indifferently, "it doesn't matter. He has built many houses and is very good at architecture."
comments: Article 2 of China's "construction law" stipulates that "this Law shall be abided by when engaging in construction activities within the territory of the people's Republic of China and implementing the supervision and management of construction activities. The term "construction activities" as used in this Law refers to the construction of various types of housing buildings and their ancillary facilities and the installation of their supporting lines, pipelines and equipment. " Among them, "all kinds of housing construction" naturally includes all kinds of post disaster reconstruction housing. Therefore, the disaster victims must also abide by the provisions of the law when building houses. The first paragraph of Article 26 of the law also stipulates: "the contractor of construction project shall hold the qualification certificate obtained according to law and contract the project within the business scope permitted by its qualification level." That is to say, the act of contracting projects without qualification certificate, or the act of contracting projects beyond the level of qualification certificate even though the qualification certificate has been obtained, is prohibited. If the act is carried out, it will be punished. According to Article 65 of the law, those who contract out projects to contractors without corresponding qualifications shall be ordered to make corrections and fined; Those who undertake projects without qualification certificate shall be banned and fined, and their illegal income shall be confiscated
in this case, if Mingfei does contract out the project to laoma, even if the competent department does not punish him, once a safety accident occurs in the construction, Mingfei is also at fault because it does not check whether laoma has the corresponding qualifications when contracting out the project, and should bear certain responsibilities. It can be seen that it is a serious violation of the law to contract housing to unqualified people for construction, and the risk is too great< After four years and seven months, China's first securities case, the civil compensation for misrepresentation in Dongfang Electronic securities market, has been settled! On September 10, 2007, the reporter learned from Qing intermediate people's Court of Shandong Province that in addition to the unqualified plaintiffs (who are not within the scope of compensation, the lawsuit has been withdrawn) and more than 100 plaintiffs with incomplete information (who will compensate for the existing electronic information), the rest 6800 plaintiffs have accepted the mediation< In order to correctly hear the civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market, standardize the civil behaviors in the securities market, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, the Supreme People's court, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, and in combination with the actual situation and trial practice of the securities market, On January 9, 2003, the "Several Provisions on the trial of civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market" was issued and came into effect on February 1, 2003. On February 8, 2003, Qing intermediate people's court accepted the case of Cao Xiaomei and other seven shareholders suing Yantai Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Co., Ltd. This is the first lawsuit brought by a senior executive of a listed company who was sentenced for providing false financial reports after the implementation of the regulation. It is also the first batch of plaintiffs in the "Dongfang Electronic Case"
from the time the criminal judgment came into effect to the end of January 2005, the limitation of action expired. In two years, Qing intermediate people's court accepted 2716 cases involving "Dongfang Electronics", with 442 million yuan of litigation objects, 18 million yuan of litigation costs and 6989 plaintiffs. After the case was accepted, as China's stock market has been a bear market from 2003 to the first half of 2006, the shareholders who filed the lawsuit are eager to get compensation, because they not only suffered heavy losses on this stock, but also suffered losses on other stocks, only other stocks can not seek judicial relief
as for the defendant, the top management has changed greatly, the false statement has been exposed, the CSRC has intervened in the investigation, and the market has shrunk sharply... In this case, the defendant's negative response to the lawsuit is also a normal reaction, including using legal means, such as raising jurisdiction objection, to achieve the purpose of delaying the lawsuit
in terms of civil compensation cases caused by misrepresentation in the securities market, the amount of the subject matter of the case is the first in the country, the number of prosecutions is the first in the country, and the mediation rate is the first in the country< From the case filing situation, the "Dongfang Electronic Case" can be described as complicated: some plaintiffs sued the listed company Yantai Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Co., Ltd; Some of the plaintiffs sued Sui Yuan, Gao Feng and Fang Yue; In order to get more relief, some plaintiffs not only listed Dongfang Electronic Information Instry Group as the defendant, but also listed Shandong qianju limited liability accounting firm as the defendant... As a result, the case is difficult to be tried together. In addition, the calculation method of compensation for loss is also different. Some use simple addition and subtraction method, some use arithmetic average method, some use first in first out method, and some use moving weighted average method. Their claims vary greatly
in this case, Qing intermediate people's court held a trial in November 2004. Through the trial, many problems were found: the defendant raised an objection to the identity of the plaintiff as a shareholder, some of the information provided by the plaintiff could not be seen clearly, let alone the seal on the information, and the defendant was worried that the plaintiff might conceal information that was not beneficial to him
so, how to solve this problem? Later, the plaintiff applied to the court to obtain the electronic transaction records of the shareholders at Shenzhen Stock Exchange. During this period, the judge went to the exchange four times. The first two times was to obtain the identity and shareholder code of most of the plaintiffs. The third time was to inquire about the internal shares, original shares and allotment shares of the employees. The fourth time was to make the final effort for incomplete information
at the beginning of the trial, the trial judge found that nearly 7000 shareholders could not be calculated by hand. First, the workload was very large, and second, he did not dare to guarantee 100% accuracy. For this reason, the court considered to design a software to solve this problem. Originally, it thought that the design of the software was very simple, and that it could be solved by simply setting up several formulas with Excel table. Later, it was found that the situation was far from that, because everyone's situation was very different. Some people bought one stroke, while others bought more than one stroke. During this period, "Dongfang Electronics" had four exclusions, It is very troublesome to deal with it. It is necessary to calculate not only the loss of investment balance, but also the loss of commission, interest and stamp ty. In order to regulate the market, the state has adjusted the interest and stamp ty many times ring this period. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the procere for each problem. However, in the end, the purpose of accurately calculating the amount of compensation for losses is achieved
in order to make both the plaintiff and the defendant understand, the court also made a decision on the software
10. Financial false news
I helped you find a false report about ABC in the financial times
the truth of the 4.6 billion yuan non-performing assets divestiture of ABC Changde branch
in 2008, ABC Changde branch divested 4.621 billion yuan non-performing assets from great wall Changsha office again. At present, the agricultural head office is making a thorough investigation on this incident
the non-performing assets stripped this time are the non-performing assets in 2004 and 2005, which is one more accounting year than the last one, and the amount involved is relatively large. In addition, there are two important reasons: first, although the Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch is a secondary branch, the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China did not take back the right of loan approval at that time. The president of the secondary branch had a loan approval limit of more than 10 billion yuan in one year, and some of the loans issued in those two years could not be recovered, so he used the usual way to strip this part of operating losses as normal bad debts; Second, the 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets are not entirely owned by Changde branch. In order to achieve the purpose of stripping more and faster, some of the non-performing assets are transferred from other secondary branches in Hunan
in order to transfer operating losses into non-performing assets and successfully divest them to the Great Wall Changsha Office, the Changde branch of ABC forges state official documents by privately engraving official seals, ing official seals, cutting and altering them by scraping, scraping, cutting and altering them, and "concocts" a series of instrial and commercial documents, courts, public security bureaus, accounting firms and other documents required by the divestiture of asset management companies, Create the illusion of smooth divestiture of non-performing assets< In fact, the non-performing assets divested by Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch are mainly composed of loss type and sluggish type. According to the relevant policies of the Agricultural Bank of China, there are two ways to deal with non-performing assets before they are stripped off. One is to wait in line for write off, but it takes a long time; Second, the loss should be fully recorded, so that the bank will carry a heavy debt burden, and the book will be very ugly, only stripping to the asset management company is the most feasible method
however, the cost of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China's bad assets acquired by Great Wall Changsha Office is very low, with 1% consideration for loss and 30% consideration for sluggish assets. For example, for a loss asset package of 5 million yuan, the asset management company can obtain ownership by paying a consideration of 50000 yuan, and then the bank will buy back the asset package at a price 1 to 2 times higher than the cost price
the advantage of this is that asset management companies can easily double their profits without having to go through a painstaking auction. After the asset package is repurchased, the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China has the right to dispose of the asset package, and can reclassify the assets without any policy restrictions. For enterprises with operating ability, the bank will continue to collect loans from them, The loans that can not be recovered are written off again as bad debts. The head office of ABC has already sent a special inspection team to the Changde branch of ABC. At the same time, the Agricultural Bank of China also began to conct spot checks on the non-performing assets divested this year. At present, it is also found that the Lianyungang branch of the Agricultural Bank of China (6.39%, 0.03%, 0.47%) also has the same problem of violation< Some people in the instry believe that the 817.973 billion yuan of non-performing assets to be divested by ABC may be the last big cake of the four asset management companies, especially Great Wall Asset Management Company, in the disposal of non-performing assets. In order to avoid illegal operations in this process, ABC needs to further improve its internal control mechanism< In July 2008, more than 800 billion yuan of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China will be stripped off
at this time, around the disposal of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China, it involves the unsettled past of Hunan Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as "Changde branch of Agricultural Bank") and Changsha Office of Great Wall Asset Management Company (hereinafter referred to as "Changsha Office of Great Wall")
as early as the end of 2006, the financial times made an exclusive report on the illegal divestiture of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch from 2003 to 2004. At that time, the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China "concocted" the documents needed by the asset management company to write off and peel off the non-performing assets by means of private engraving and ing the official seal, and stripped off the operating loss of 1.211 billion yuan as normal bad debts
more than a year later, at the time of the overall acceleration of the share reform of ABC, the financial times once again exclusively learned that at the end of April this year, a person familiar with the matter reported to the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), and the Changde branch of ABC once again illegally divested 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets from the Great Wall Changsha Office. At present, the ABC is concting a thorough investigation into this incident
from 1.2 billion to 4.6 billion, the reporter learned that this is not only the multiple change of the amount, but also the puzzle of asset package repurchase hidden behind the recent non-performing asset divestiture, which is different from the first illegal divestiture<
4.6 billion of non-performing assets
an insider of the Changde branch of ABC disclosed to the financial times that the bank's divestiture of this huge amount of non-performing assets to the Great Wall Changsha Office came from the investigation of Luo Xi, member of the Party committee and vice president of the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China, on the Agricultural Bank of Hunan
in September 2007, the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) launched a thorough investigation to find out the real situation of non-performing loans and non-performing assets of branches in various provinces, so that ABC can digest these historical burdens before listing
shortly after the thorough investigation, Luo Xi led the team to inspect three branches in Hunan, Hubei and Henan. The reason why we chose these three provinces is that an official of the agricultural head office who followed Luo Xi's investigation said, "these three branches are all difficult to operate and have a large amount of work to prepare for the share reform."
after the completion of the three-month inventory, the result of the divestiture of 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets from Changde branch of ABC to Changcheng Changsha Office came into being. This non-performing asset is so huge that people have to suspect that there is a secret hidden behind it
when the reporter called the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China to inquire about the details of this huge amount of non-performing assets, the relevant person in charge of the branch refused to reply on the ground of involving business secrets
finally, the financial times contacted a former vice president of the Changde branch of ABC, who was dismissed by the Agricultural Bank of China in 2007 for suspected illegal divestiture of 1.2 billion yuan of non-performing assets. He revealed the inside story to the reporter
"as far as I know, the non-performing assets divested this time are the non-performing assets in 2004 and 2005. Compared with the last accounting year, the amount involved is naturally larger." The former vice president said, "in addition, there are two important reasons. First, although the Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch was a secondary branch, the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China did not take back the right of loan approval at that time. The president of the secondary branch had a loan approval limit of more than 10 billion yuan in one year, and some of the loans issued in those two years could not be recovered, so he used the usual way to strip this part of business losses as normal bad debts; Second, the 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets are not entirely owned by Changde branch. In order to achieve the purpose of stripping more and faster, some of the non-performing assets are transferred from other secondary branches in Hunan. "< Behind the 4.6 billion yuan
4.621 billion yuan! A secondary branch divested such a large amount of non-performing assets at one time, didn't it attract the attention of Great Wall Changsha office
according to the relevant regulations of the regulatory authorities, when commercial banks divest non-performing assets from asset management companies, asset management companies need to confirm and check the relevant accounts
an operator of the policy assets disposal department of the Changsha Office of the Great Wall introced, "e to the heavy workload of account verification and the small number of staff in the office, we can only audit the information in written form. As long as the total balance is consistent, we will strip it according to the normal procere. Although we know that there is the possibility of fraud, the bank's fraud means are becoming more and more sophisticated, It is very difficult to find problems only by auditing the accounts of the office, unless the accounts are audited by professional departments. "
it is understood that in order to transfer operating losses into non-performing assets and successfully divest them to the Great Wall Changsha Office, the Changde branch of ABC forged state official documents by privately engraving official seals, ing official seals, cutting and altering them by scraping, scraping, cutting and altering them, and "concocted" a series of instrial and commercial documents, courts, public security bureaus, accounting firms and other documents needed by asset management companies for verification and divestiture, Create the illusion of smooth divestiture of non-performing assets
a project manager of Changde group of asset management department 1 of Great Wall Changsha Office disclosed to the financial times that according to his years of experience in disposing of bad assets of Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch, it is common for banks to commit fraud in the process of disposal, and it is also common for several branches to work together to commit fraud, Banks will come out and take the initiative to deal with it
buy back fog
ring the interview, the financial times was also surprised to learn that another strange thing happened after the divestiture of non-performing assets, that is, the bank took the initiative to buy back the asset package, that is, to "settle it on its own initiative" mentioned above
the repo asset package refers to that after the bank divests the non-performing assets, the asset management company usually packages them for public auction, and before the normal auction, the bank takes the initiative to purchase and recover the asset package
in this regard, the relevant person in charge of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China gave a self consistent "logical" explanation, "the reason why we do this is to prevent the state-owned assets from flowing into the hands of private enterprises or private business owners."< However, a staff member of the special mission of the audit office in Wuhan, who participated in the audit of the Changde branch of the Agricultural Bank of China in 2006, questioned this explanation. "If it's really bad assets, it's the burden of the bank. It's a good thing for the bank to be stripped and auctioned. How can it cause the loss of state-owned assets? Isn't it self contradictory?"
then, what is the real purpose of the bank's repo package
the financial times learned the general context of asset repurchase package from the former vice president of Changde branch of ABC
"asset package repurchase happened after the stripping of non-performing assets, which is nothing new." The former vice president said frankly< In fact, the non-performing assets divested by Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch are mainly composed of loss type and sluggish type. According to the relevant policies of the Agricultural Bank of China, there are two ways to deal with non-performing assets before they are stripped off. One is to wait in line for write off, but it takes a long time; Second, the loss should be fully recorded, so that the bank will carry a heavy debt burden, and the book will be very ugly, only stripping to the asset management company is the most feasible method
"however, the cost of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China's bad assets acquired by Great Wall Changsha Office is very low. The consideration for loss is 1% and that for sluggish is 30%. For example, for a loss asset package of 5 million yuan, the asset management company can obtain the ownership by paying the consideration of 50000 yuan, and then the bank will buy back the asset package at a price 1 to 2 times higher than the cost price. "
the advantage of this reversal is that asset management companies can easily double their profits without having to go through the auction. After the agricultural Changde branch repurchases the asset package, it has the right to dispose of the asset package, and it can reclassify the assets without any policy restrictions. For enterprises with operating ability, the bank will continue to collect loans from them, The loans that can not be recovered are written off again as bad debts
asset management
I helped you find a false report about ABC in the financial times
the truth of the 4.6 billion yuan non-performing assets divestiture of ABC Changde branch
in 2008, ABC Changde branch divested 4.621 billion yuan non-performing assets from great wall Changsha office again. At present, the agricultural head office is making a thorough investigation on this incident
the non-performing assets stripped this time are the non-performing assets in 2004 and 2005, which is one more accounting year than the last one, and the amount involved is relatively large. In addition, there are two important reasons: first, although the Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch is a secondary branch, the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China did not take back the right of loan approval at that time. The president of the secondary branch had a loan approval limit of more than 10 billion yuan in one year, and some of the loans issued in those two years could not be recovered, so he used the usual way to strip this part of operating losses as normal bad debts; Second, the 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets are not entirely owned by Changde branch. In order to achieve the purpose of stripping more and faster, some of the non-performing assets are transferred from other secondary branches in Hunan
in order to transfer operating losses into non-performing assets and successfully divest them to the Great Wall Changsha Office, the Changde branch of ABC forges state official documents by privately engraving official seals, ing official seals, cutting and altering them by scraping, scraping, cutting and altering them, and "concocts" a series of instrial and commercial documents, courts, public security bureaus, accounting firms and other documents required by the divestiture of asset management companies, Create the illusion of smooth divestiture of non-performing assets< In fact, the non-performing assets divested by Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch are mainly composed of loss type and sluggish type. According to the relevant policies of the Agricultural Bank of China, there are two ways to deal with non-performing assets before they are stripped off. One is to wait in line for write off, but it takes a long time; Second, the loss should be fully recorded, so that the bank will carry a heavy debt burden, and the book will be very ugly, only stripping to the asset management company is the most feasible method
however, the cost of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China's bad assets acquired by Great Wall Changsha Office is very low, with 1% consideration for loss and 30% consideration for sluggish assets. For example, for a loss asset package of 5 million yuan, the asset management company can obtain ownership by paying a consideration of 50000 yuan, and then the bank will buy back the asset package at a price 1 to 2 times higher than the cost price
the advantage of this is that asset management companies can easily double their profits without having to go through a painstaking auction. After the asset package is repurchased, the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China has the right to dispose of the asset package, and can reclassify the assets without any policy restrictions. For enterprises with operating ability, the bank will continue to collect loans from them, The loans that can not be recovered are written off again as bad debts. The head office of ABC has already sent a special inspection team to the Changde branch of ABC. At the same time, the Agricultural Bank of China also began to conct spot checks on the non-performing assets divested this year. At present, it is also found that the Lianyungang branch of the Agricultural Bank of China (6.39%, 0.03%, 0.47%) also has the same problem of violation< Some people in the instry believe that the 817.973 billion yuan of non-performing assets to be divested by ABC may be the last big cake of the four asset management companies, especially Great Wall Asset Management Company, in the disposal of non-performing assets. In order to avoid illegal operations in this process, ABC needs to further improve its internal control mechanism< In July 2008, more than 800 billion yuan of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China will be stripped off
at this time, around the disposal of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China, it involves the unsettled past of Hunan Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as "Changde branch of Agricultural Bank") and Changsha Office of Great Wall Asset Management Company (hereinafter referred to as "Changsha Office of Great Wall")
as early as the end of 2006, the financial times made an exclusive report on the illegal divestiture of non-performing assets of Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch from 2003 to 2004. At that time, the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China "concocted" the documents needed by the asset management company to write off and peel off the non-performing assets by means of private engraving and ing the official seal, and stripped off the operating loss of 1.211 billion yuan as normal bad debts
more than a year later, at the time of the overall acceleration of the share reform of ABC, the financial times once again exclusively learned that at the end of April this year, a person familiar with the matter reported to the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), and the Changde branch of ABC once again illegally divested 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets from the Great Wall Changsha Office. At present, the ABC is concting a thorough investigation into this incident
from 1.2 billion to 4.6 billion, the reporter learned that this is not only the multiple change of the amount, but also the puzzle of asset package repurchase hidden behind the recent non-performing asset divestiture, which is different from the first illegal divestiture<
4.6 billion of non-performing assets
an insider of the Changde branch of ABC disclosed to the financial times that the bank's divestiture of this huge amount of non-performing assets to the Great Wall Changsha Office came from the investigation of Luo Xi, member of the Party committee and vice president of the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China, on the Agricultural Bank of Hunan
in September 2007, the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) launched a thorough investigation to find out the real situation of non-performing loans and non-performing assets of branches in various provinces, so that ABC can digest these historical burdens before listing
shortly after the thorough investigation, Luo Xi led the team to inspect three branches in Hunan, Hubei and Henan. The reason why we chose these three provinces is that an official of the agricultural head office who followed Luo Xi's investigation said, "these three branches are all difficult to operate and have a large amount of work to prepare for the share reform."
after the completion of the three-month inventory, the result of the divestiture of 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets from Changde branch of ABC to Changcheng Changsha Office came into being. This non-performing asset is so huge that people have to suspect that there is a secret hidden behind it
when the reporter called the Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China to inquire about the details of this huge amount of non-performing assets, the relevant person in charge of the branch refused to reply on the ground of involving business secrets
finally, the financial times contacted a former vice president of the Changde branch of ABC, who was dismissed by the Agricultural Bank of China in 2007 for suspected illegal divestiture of 1.2 billion yuan of non-performing assets. He revealed the inside story to the reporter
"as far as I know, the non-performing assets divested this time are the non-performing assets in 2004 and 2005. Compared with the last accounting year, the amount involved is naturally larger." The former vice president said, "in addition, there are two important reasons. First, although the Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch was a secondary branch, the head office of the Agricultural Bank of China did not take back the right of loan approval at that time. The president of the secondary branch had a loan approval limit of more than 10 billion yuan in one year, and some of the loans issued in those two years could not be recovered, so he used the usual way to strip this part of business losses as normal bad debts; Second, the 4.621 billion yuan of non-performing assets are not entirely owned by Changde branch. In order to achieve the purpose of stripping more and faster, some of the non-performing assets are transferred from other secondary branches in Hunan. "< Behind the 4.6 billion yuan
4.621 billion yuan! A secondary branch divested such a large amount of non-performing assets at one time, didn't it attract the attention of Great Wall Changsha office
according to the relevant regulations of the regulatory authorities, when commercial banks divest non-performing assets from asset management companies, asset management companies need to confirm and check the relevant accounts
an operator of the policy assets disposal department of the Changsha Office of the Great Wall introced, "e to the heavy workload of account verification and the small number of staff in the office, we can only audit the information in written form. As long as the total balance is consistent, we will strip it according to the normal procere. Although we know that there is the possibility of fraud, the bank's fraud means are becoming more and more sophisticated, It is very difficult to find problems only by auditing the accounts of the office, unless the accounts are audited by professional departments. "
it is understood that in order to transfer operating losses into non-performing assets and successfully divest them to the Great Wall Changsha Office, the Changde branch of ABC forged state official documents by privately engraving official seals, ing official seals, cutting and altering them by scraping, scraping, cutting and altering them, and "concocted" a series of instrial and commercial documents, courts, public security bureaus, accounting firms and other documents needed by asset management companies for verification and divestiture, Create the illusion of smooth divestiture of non-performing assets
a project manager of Changde group of asset management department 1 of Great Wall Changsha Office disclosed to the financial times that according to his years of experience in disposing of bad assets of Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch, it is common for banks to commit fraud in the process of disposal, and it is also common for several branches to work together to commit fraud, Banks will come out and take the initiative to deal with it
buy back fog
ring the interview, the financial times was also surprised to learn that another strange thing happened after the divestiture of non-performing assets, that is, the bank took the initiative to buy back the asset package, that is, to "settle it on its own initiative" mentioned above
the repo asset package refers to that after the bank divests the non-performing assets, the asset management company usually packages them for public auction, and before the normal auction, the bank takes the initiative to purchase and recover the asset package
in this regard, the relevant person in charge of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China gave a self consistent "logical" explanation, "the reason why we do this is to prevent the state-owned assets from flowing into the hands of private enterprises or private business owners."< However, a staff member of the special mission of the audit office in Wuhan, who participated in the audit of the Changde branch of the Agricultural Bank of China in 2006, questioned this explanation. "If it's really bad assets, it's the burden of the bank. It's a good thing for the bank to be stripped and auctioned. How can it cause the loss of state-owned assets? Isn't it self contradictory?"
then, what is the real purpose of the bank's repo package
the financial times learned the general context of asset repurchase package from the former vice president of Changde branch of ABC
"asset package repurchase happened after the stripping of non-performing assets, which is nothing new." The former vice president said frankly< In fact, the non-performing assets divested by Agricultural Bank of China Changde branch are mainly composed of loss type and sluggish type. According to the relevant policies of the Agricultural Bank of China, there are two ways to deal with non-performing assets before they are stripped off. One is to wait in line for write off, but it takes a long time; Second, the loss should be fully recorded, so that the bank will carry a heavy debt burden, and the book will be very ugly, only stripping to the asset management company is the most feasible method
"however, the cost of Changde branch of Agricultural Bank of China's bad assets acquired by Great Wall Changsha Office is very low. The consideration for loss is 1% and that for sluggish is 30%. For example, for a loss asset package of 5 million yuan, the asset management company can obtain the ownership by paying the consideration of 50000 yuan, and then the bank will buy back the asset package at a price 1 to 2 times higher than the cost price. "
the advantage of this reversal is that asset management companies can easily double their profits without having to go through the auction. After the agricultural Changde branch repurchases the asset package, it has the right to dispose of the asset package, and it can reclassify the assets without any policy restrictions. For enterprises with operating ability, the bank will continue to collect loans from them, The loans that can not be recovered are written off again as bad debts
asset management
Hot content