Decentralization of educational resources
Publish: 2021-04-08 03:31:49
1. The decentralization of kindergartens means that they are the center and have good ecational resources.
2. The centralization of ecational resources in China is still unable to be improved
every year, the State encourages all provinces to rationalize the allocation of ecational resources in Colleges and universities, and encourages universities to build in non provincial capital cities. However, in recent decades, it can only be said that the slogan is loud, and the number of real achievements can be counted
once upon a time, a university in Sichuan was very proud of its headquarters in a remote city in southern Sichuan. Few schools have been able to build the university into a relatively backward city for more than 60 years. What a kind of courage it is. But in recent years, the school is also unable to withstand, all the relatively good resources began to go to the provincial capital campus, four ace majors moved away, teachers transferred away, for the sake of the provincial capital campus dormitory renovation, canteen renovation, and also implemented a very democratic "echo wall" feedback website, it can be said that the hardware and software are all available. However, in our campus, apart from renovating the dilapidated buildings and repairing the playground, there are no other changes. The student dormitories have not changed. The school canteen is still speechless, and there is no so-called feedback website. The appeal of the students can only be wishful thinking, and no one responds. What makes the students angry is the recent incident of moving books and trees, Ginkgo trees, which have been standing in the school headquarters for more than ten years, will be moved to the provincial capital campus, and some books in the library will go to their new home. All this caused the anger of the students in the school headquarters, and the online microblog denounced the vice president one after another, so that the vice president deleted the microblog. It's really embarrassing to say that they were all students of the same school. Why did they get into such a situation. In fact, I think it's not just a matter of a few trees and a few books. In fact, it's the dissatisfaction in my heart that broke out in this incident. It's a great shame for the post-90s, who are very protective of themselves, that students in the same school are treated unfairly. This also reflects how absurd and ridiculous our so-called average distribution of ecational resources is. The ecational resources of different campuses of a school can not be allocated reasonably. How to optimize the ecational resources of the whole China. It is an indisputable fact that Chinese universities still hope to stay in the capital cities with more abundant resources. Because it is more convenient to communicate with foreign countries, to attract more students and teachers, and to contact and communicate with the provincial government more directly. Many conveniences make more colleges and universities rush into the provincial capital. No matter whether there are local schools or not, only one third of an acre of land is enough. This is the current situation of Chinese colleges and universities. We have thought of many ways to let more colleges and universities develop separately, such as preferential policies, financial subsidies and so on, but the effect is still not obvious. Because small cities make colleges and universities see no hope and no benefits. In fact, from a large perspective, it is the problem of unbalanced urban development in our country, which leads to a series of problems of unreasonable allocation of colleges and universities. This needs us to change step by step, and it must be changed. This is the solution to how a country can continue to develop and avoid excessive saturation and unbalanced urban development.
every year, the State encourages all provinces to rationalize the allocation of ecational resources in Colleges and universities, and encourages universities to build in non provincial capital cities. However, in recent decades, it can only be said that the slogan is loud, and the number of real achievements can be counted
once upon a time, a university in Sichuan was very proud of its headquarters in a remote city in southern Sichuan. Few schools have been able to build the university into a relatively backward city for more than 60 years. What a kind of courage it is. But in recent years, the school is also unable to withstand, all the relatively good resources began to go to the provincial capital campus, four ace majors moved away, teachers transferred away, for the sake of the provincial capital campus dormitory renovation, canteen renovation, and also implemented a very democratic "echo wall" feedback website, it can be said that the hardware and software are all available. However, in our campus, apart from renovating the dilapidated buildings and repairing the playground, there are no other changes. The student dormitories have not changed. The school canteen is still speechless, and there is no so-called feedback website. The appeal of the students can only be wishful thinking, and no one responds. What makes the students angry is the recent incident of moving books and trees, Ginkgo trees, which have been standing in the school headquarters for more than ten years, will be moved to the provincial capital campus, and some books in the library will go to their new home. All this caused the anger of the students in the school headquarters, and the online microblog denounced the vice president one after another, so that the vice president deleted the microblog. It's really embarrassing to say that they were all students of the same school. Why did they get into such a situation. In fact, I think it's not just a matter of a few trees and a few books. In fact, it's the dissatisfaction in my heart that broke out in this incident. It's a great shame for the post-90s, who are very protective of themselves, that students in the same school are treated unfairly. This also reflects how absurd and ridiculous our so-called average distribution of ecational resources is. The ecational resources of different campuses of a school can not be allocated reasonably. How to optimize the ecational resources of the whole China. It is an indisputable fact that Chinese universities still hope to stay in the capital cities with more abundant resources. Because it is more convenient to communicate with foreign countries, to attract more students and teachers, and to contact and communicate with the provincial government more directly. Many conveniences make more colleges and universities rush into the provincial capital. No matter whether there are local schools or not, only one third of an acre of land is enough. This is the current situation of Chinese colleges and universities. We have thought of many ways to let more colleges and universities develop separately, such as preferential policies, financial subsidies and so on, but the effect is still not obvious. Because small cities make colleges and universities see no hope and no benefits. In fact, from a large perspective, it is the problem of unbalanced urban development in our country, which leads to a series of problems of unreasonable allocation of colleges and universities. This needs us to change step by step, and it must be changed. This is the solution to how a country can continue to develop and avoid excessive saturation and unbalanced urban development.
3.
First, encourage more college students and excellent teachers to teach in places with backward ecation
Second, improve the rural ecation infrastructure construction and change its backward situation Third, increase farmers' income, so that every child can afford to go to school Fourthly, we should abolish the barriers of local ecation and promote the fairness and justice of ecation Fifthly, in order to attract more excellent teachers to remote villages, more favorable conditions should be provided for them However, at present, the unbalanced distribution of ecational resources is still a serious social problem, especially the imbalance between rural and urban ecational resources; However, the balance of ecational resources is the best embodiment, important guarantee and one of the fundamental ways to build a harmonious society. We need to establish a scientific concept of ecational resources balance. By speeding up economic development, increasing and improving ecation funding and other effective ways, we can narrow the gap between rural and urban ecational resources distribution, so as to balance ecational resources in building a harmonious society Relevant data show that: more than 90% of the key schools in China are in cities, while 70% of the population in China is in rural areas (including counties and towns), and the number of students in rural compulsory ecation is as high as 160 million, which is a sharp contrast with the basic ecation in rural areas in China. Due to the serious urban-rural division in the distribution of ecational resources, some rural primary and secondary school students drop out of school, run off and so on, and even the emergence of a new "useless reading theory", resulting in the so-called "Matthew effect", which leads to the continued "weakness" of rural basic ecation and further widens the gap between rural ecation and urban ecation, At the same time, it also brings a big obstacle to the construction of a harmonious society4. It is necessary to establish and improve the financial aid policy system for students from poor families, and make a new situation of "good teaching". At the same time, in order to solve the polarization problem of weak rural ecation, we should graally establish the "more grassroots" system for teachers. Objectively speaking, fairness is the most significant starting point. This year, we will promote fair allocation of teachers and effectively alleviate the problem of urban ecation. Since last year, it has been implementing the concept of shared development, treatment and other key areas, and the provincial subsidy policy for poor students has achieved full coverage of the ecation process. In order to promote ecation equity and train rural teachers, there is a phenomenon of regional imbalance in the development of ecation in our province. Ecation equity is the cornerstone of social equity. We should promote the support plan for rural teachers, and open the incentive mechanism of rural teachers in our province to "go down well, and comprehensively start the ecation targeted poverty alleviation activities, training, the more difficult, the higher the status and treatment"
5. Ecation should and must develop with high quality and balanced development. In other words, we should not only achieve balanced development, but also achieve high-quality development, which is the fundamental demand of ecation reform and development. Because ecational balance is the foundation of ecational equity, and ecational equity is the cornerstone of social equity< After the revision of the compulsory ecation law in 2006, the State Council's investment in ecation has increased year by year, and the development of compulsory ecation in China has made great progress. However, the imbalance of ecational resources, which leads to the problem of school choice, on the surface is that the allocation of ecational resources did not take into account the balance at the beginning, but its root is the problem in our ecation evaluation. Long ago, the Ministry of ecation made it clear that key classes and schools should not be set up. Now characteristic schools, experimental schools and demonstration schools all belong to the key schools that have changed their face. When the issue of school choice began to receive attention, many domestic ecators unanimously called for the allocation of ecational resources to schools in remote and backward areas and relatively weak schools. In fact, the balanced ecational resources did not achieve this tilt, which led to the growing gap between compulsory ecation schools
first of all, balanced development must be combined with high-quality development, otherwise, balanced ecation can hardly avoid falling into the "mediocrity" of ecation< Secondly, balanced development must rely on high-quality development, and Ecation Collectivization is the bridge between high-quality and balanced development. It is the government's ty to balance ecational resources. Ecation Collectivization should be a bridge for the balanced development and high-quality development of China's ecation. However, with the bridge, it is not necessarily open to traffic. It also needs the bridge to have the conditions for opening to traffic. Ecation Collectivization needs large-scale experiments and deep-seated research, in order to find problems and solutions, and to find the law of ecation development. Through the balance of ecational resources, through the balance of school infrastructure construction, school capital investment and school teachers, the fair principle of ecation balance in the compulsory ecation law can be realized.
first of all, balanced development must be combined with high-quality development, otherwise, balanced ecation can hardly avoid falling into the "mediocrity" of ecation< Secondly, balanced development must rely on high-quality development, and Ecation Collectivization is the bridge between high-quality and balanced development. It is the government's ty to balance ecational resources. Ecation Collectivization should be a bridge for the balanced development and high-quality development of China's ecation. However, with the bridge, it is not necessarily open to traffic. It also needs the bridge to have the conditions for opening to traffic. Ecation Collectivization needs large-scale experiments and deep-seated research, in order to find problems and solutions, and to find the law of ecation development. Through the balance of ecational resources, through the balance of school infrastructure construction, school capital investment and school teachers, the fair principle of ecation balance in the compulsory ecation law can be realized.
6. In the final analysis, the limited or no ecational resources are caused by underdeveloped economy
to increase investment in ecation, ecation also plays a great role in driving the economy
to increase investment in ecation, ecation also plays a great role in driving the economy
7. 1. The gap between regions and urban and rural areas leads to ecation inequity
at present, the gap between regions and urban and rural areas is obviously widening, which makes the allocation of ecation resources seriously unbalanced and leads to ecation inequity< In 2009, Qiushi magazine reported that the per capita income of farmers in 20 cities was 12000 yuan in Pudong of Shanghai and Kunshan of Jiangsu Province, and 1800 yuan in Dingxi of Gansu Province. The income difference between farmers alone was more than seven times. It is understood that the difference in per capita financial income between some cities is as high as 10-50 times. Under the situation that compulsory ecation is "county-based", the county's financial difficulties will inevitably lead to ecational difficulties< Under the impact of the market economy, in the late 1990s, all aspects of ecation have been overcharged. Ecation is no exception. Originally, arbitrary charges were to be rectified. However, e to the arbitrary charges of ecation, some competent departments have a commission. In addition, the high-quality schools with arbitrary charges have high income and benefit a lot. Many of the descendants of dignitaries and celebrities study in these schools through the back door, so their right to speak is in a strong position. As a result, it is necessary to compromise with these schools and rece the practice of opposing arbitrary charges to the standard of "three limits", that is, to limit the number of students, the amount of money and the score, which is only suitable for senior high schools. However, e to various reasons, the executive power of government regulations is still further weakened. Arbitrary charges not only can not limit the amount of money, the number of people and scores, but also extend this kind of regulations only suitable for high schools to high-quality junior and primary schools. Junior high school, primary school and senior high school are collecting school choice fees one after another, with increasing efforts. In this way, children with money and rights will go to high-quality schools, while children without money and rights will have no access to high-quality schools
3. Ecation inequity caused by biased system design
first, there are problems in nearby enrollment. Compulsory ecation should be admitted to schools nearby, but the schools nearby are high-quality schools. If they don't get money, they can't enter even if they stay at home. My neighbor's home is less than 50 meters away from a primary school in Zhongguancun. Because this primary school is a high-quality school, rich people from all sides are staring at this school and are willing to take money to let their children study in this school, so the school excludes the children nearby. The neighbor's children had to go to a primary school about 1.5 kilometers away from home, which had to cross four intersections. In order to help children go to primary school, parents can't travel or get sick. They can pick them up all year round< The government's policy on free enrollment in compulsory ecation has basically achieved the goal that everyone can enter the compulsory ecation stage. However, e to the poverty of some students' families and the high fees of high schools and universities, some poor students are still facing difficulties in going to high schools and universities. Especially in schools with good teaching quality, the number of children with low family income decreased significantly. Henan Xinyang high school is the author's alma mater, more than 90% of them were farmers' children in those years, but now the number of rural children is greatly reced. We found in the dormitory that most of the students' beds were full of shoes from one end to the other, while only a few children had only one pair of shoes or slippers under the bed. The principal said that the students with less shoes under the bed are those from rural areas with lower family income. Huanghuai University in Zhumadian City has set up a college jointly run with foreign universities. Because this college can continue to study abroad after three years, the fees are relatively expensive. In the case of low income of local residents, although the university is local, most students from developed areas in other provinces may go to school. Another example is that the proportion of rural students in Sun Yat sen University has dropped to less than 6%. According to the report book of a famous university in Beijing, the number of children of farmers has also dropped to 13%. Compared with more than 70% of the students in primary and secondary schools, there is a huge gap.
at present, the gap between regions and urban and rural areas is obviously widening, which makes the allocation of ecation resources seriously unbalanced and leads to ecation inequity< In 2009, Qiushi magazine reported that the per capita income of farmers in 20 cities was 12000 yuan in Pudong of Shanghai and Kunshan of Jiangsu Province, and 1800 yuan in Dingxi of Gansu Province. The income difference between farmers alone was more than seven times. It is understood that the difference in per capita financial income between some cities is as high as 10-50 times. Under the situation that compulsory ecation is "county-based", the county's financial difficulties will inevitably lead to ecational difficulties< Under the impact of the market economy, in the late 1990s, all aspects of ecation have been overcharged. Ecation is no exception. Originally, arbitrary charges were to be rectified. However, e to the arbitrary charges of ecation, some competent departments have a commission. In addition, the high-quality schools with arbitrary charges have high income and benefit a lot. Many of the descendants of dignitaries and celebrities study in these schools through the back door, so their right to speak is in a strong position. As a result, it is necessary to compromise with these schools and rece the practice of opposing arbitrary charges to the standard of "three limits", that is, to limit the number of students, the amount of money and the score, which is only suitable for senior high schools. However, e to various reasons, the executive power of government regulations is still further weakened. Arbitrary charges not only can not limit the amount of money, the number of people and scores, but also extend this kind of regulations only suitable for high schools to high-quality junior and primary schools. Junior high school, primary school and senior high school are collecting school choice fees one after another, with increasing efforts. In this way, children with money and rights will go to high-quality schools, while children without money and rights will have no access to high-quality schools
3. Ecation inequity caused by biased system design
first, there are problems in nearby enrollment. Compulsory ecation should be admitted to schools nearby, but the schools nearby are high-quality schools. If they don't get money, they can't enter even if they stay at home. My neighbor's home is less than 50 meters away from a primary school in Zhongguancun. Because this primary school is a high-quality school, rich people from all sides are staring at this school and are willing to take money to let their children study in this school, so the school excludes the children nearby. The neighbor's children had to go to a primary school about 1.5 kilometers away from home, which had to cross four intersections. In order to help children go to primary school, parents can't travel or get sick. They can pick them up all year round< The government's policy on free enrollment in compulsory ecation has basically achieved the goal that everyone can enter the compulsory ecation stage. However, e to the poverty of some students' families and the high fees of high schools and universities, some poor students are still facing difficulties in going to high schools and universities. Especially in schools with good teaching quality, the number of children with low family income decreased significantly. Henan Xinyang high school is the author's alma mater, more than 90% of them were farmers' children in those years, but now the number of rural children is greatly reced. We found in the dormitory that most of the students' beds were full of shoes from one end to the other, while only a few children had only one pair of shoes or slippers under the bed. The principal said that the students with less shoes under the bed are those from rural areas with lower family income. Huanghuai University in Zhumadian City has set up a college jointly run with foreign universities. Because this college can continue to study abroad after three years, the fees are relatively expensive. In the case of low income of local residents, although the university is local, most students from developed areas in other provinces may go to school. Another example is that the proportion of rural students in Sun Yat sen University has dropped to less than 6%. According to the report book of a famous university in Beijing, the number of children of farmers has also dropped to 13%. Compared with more than 70% of the students in primary and secondary schools, there is a huge gap.
8. For many years, the ecational policies in various regions of China have supported the so-called model schools and key schools, which has led to the imbalance of ecational resources allocation among schools“ High quality ecation resources such as "human resources, financial resources and material resources" are concentrated in the so-called demonstration and key schools, which leads to the better and the worse, and the phenomenon of "polarization" is becoming more and more intense
as a teacher, there is a big income gap in key schools in cities, ordinary schools or in rural areas, some even several times! This leads to the concentration of excellent teachers in key schools in the city, which makes key schools better and better, while ordinary schools worse and worse< On the surface, this kind of ecation policy leads to high efficiency and quality, advocates the spirit of competition, and is in line with the requirements of the times, but it goes against the fundamental purpose of the development of compulsory ecation. Compulsory ecation is a public proct, every citizen has the right to enjoy equal opportunities and quality of compulsory ecation. For compulsory ecation as a public proct, the first thing we should emphasize is not the efficiency of ecation, but the fairness of ecation. We should allocate ecational resources on the basis of fairness, so that every citizen can have equal access to ecation. If this phenomenon is allowed to continue, it will inevitably intensify the competition between parents and students for high-quality ecation resources, damage the interests of a large number of students, and is not concive to the improvement of quality ecation.
as a teacher, there is a big income gap in key schools in cities, ordinary schools or in rural areas, some even several times! This leads to the concentration of excellent teachers in key schools in the city, which makes key schools better and better, while ordinary schools worse and worse< On the surface, this kind of ecation policy leads to high efficiency and quality, advocates the spirit of competition, and is in line with the requirements of the times, but it goes against the fundamental purpose of the development of compulsory ecation. Compulsory ecation is a public proct, every citizen has the right to enjoy equal opportunities and quality of compulsory ecation. For compulsory ecation as a public proct, the first thing we should emphasize is not the efficiency of ecation, but the fairness of ecation. We should allocate ecational resources on the basis of fairness, so that every citizen can have equal access to ecation. If this phenomenon is allowed to continue, it will inevitably intensify the competition between parents and students for high-quality ecation resources, damage the interests of a large number of students, and is not concive to the improvement of quality ecation.
9. Ecation supply side reform itself is to lower the access threshold and introce resources from all sides into running schools in an open attitude. What impact does it have on teachers
although it is the responsibility of the government to guarantee and develop compulsory ecation, the government's provision of compulsory ecation funds does not mean that the government must directly run schools. In other words, the government led compulsory ecation can also be realized in a variety of ways. A very important reason is that the needs of students and parents are diversified, and the initiative to open to the society, allowing different types of ecational institutions to exist, is also concive to the formation of a benign competition mechanism. For example, in recent years, private ecation has made great progress, but there are still some unreasonable mechanisms constraining the development of private ecation
one is the restriction on the existing private schools, for example, like public schools, it is obviously inappropriate for private schools to divide the source of students; The second is the restrictions on the establishment of private ecational institutions. Compared with the establishment of companies, it is still more difficult for social capital to initiate the establishment of a private ecational institution, especially in land use
competition among public schools can be promoted through the implementation of school vouchers
the crux of the voucher system is the change of the school funding mechanism. The government can issue school vouchers to every school-age child, and schools can apply to the government for school funding based on the final enrollment, that is, the number of school vouchers. Under this system, each school will be more motivated to improve the teaching level and get more students' recognition. If students are not satisfied with the school, they can transfer to other schools. Under this mechanism, students have the right to choose and schools lose their monopoly. More importantly, the competition between schools for school vouchers will promote the improvement of ecation level as a whole< In addition, we can promote the equalization of basic ecation resources through ecation collectivization
in the existing system, it is very difficult for excellent ecational institutions to provide services across regions, neither to recruit students across regions, nor to set up branches across regions. If the field of basic ecation can realize cross regional operation through "chain operation" like ecation and training institutions, many problems can be solved. Although many cities have been promoting ecation collectivization, it is not common. It should be pointed out that collectivization is not the dilution of high-quality ecation resources that many people say, but through the improvement of the management level of high-quality schools, so that more students can enjoy high-quality ecation
People's satisfaction with the market economy comes from the fact that market competition provides consumers with more freedom of choice. It is believed that the ecation supply side reform will also give the ecated more and better choices. If we can further promote the ecation supply side reform, we believe that the people's satisfaction with ecation will be greatly improved.
although it is the responsibility of the government to guarantee and develop compulsory ecation, the government's provision of compulsory ecation funds does not mean that the government must directly run schools. In other words, the government led compulsory ecation can also be realized in a variety of ways. A very important reason is that the needs of students and parents are diversified, and the initiative to open to the society, allowing different types of ecational institutions to exist, is also concive to the formation of a benign competition mechanism. For example, in recent years, private ecation has made great progress, but there are still some unreasonable mechanisms constraining the development of private ecation
one is the restriction on the existing private schools, for example, like public schools, it is obviously inappropriate for private schools to divide the source of students; The second is the restrictions on the establishment of private ecational institutions. Compared with the establishment of companies, it is still more difficult for social capital to initiate the establishment of a private ecational institution, especially in land use
competition among public schools can be promoted through the implementation of school vouchers
the crux of the voucher system is the change of the school funding mechanism. The government can issue school vouchers to every school-age child, and schools can apply to the government for school funding based on the final enrollment, that is, the number of school vouchers. Under this system, each school will be more motivated to improve the teaching level and get more students' recognition. If students are not satisfied with the school, they can transfer to other schools. Under this mechanism, students have the right to choose and schools lose their monopoly. More importantly, the competition between schools for school vouchers will promote the improvement of ecation level as a whole< In addition, we can promote the equalization of basic ecation resources through ecation collectivization
in the existing system, it is very difficult for excellent ecational institutions to provide services across regions, neither to recruit students across regions, nor to set up branches across regions. If the field of basic ecation can realize cross regional operation through "chain operation" like ecation and training institutions, many problems can be solved. Although many cities have been promoting ecation collectivization, it is not common. It should be pointed out that collectivization is not the dilution of high-quality ecation resources that many people say, but through the improvement of the management level of high-quality schools, so that more students can enjoy high-quality ecation
People's satisfaction with the market economy comes from the fact that market competition provides consumers with more freedom of choice. It is believed that the ecation supply side reform will also give the ecated more and better choices. If we can further promote the ecation supply side reform, we believe that the people's satisfaction with ecation will be greatly improved.
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