Problems caused by urban decentralization
Publish: 2021-04-08 04:15:57
1.
Decentralization is a form of social relations and content proction formed in the development of the Internet. It is a new type of network content proction process relative to "centralization"
decentralizing is not to do without the center, but to let the nodes freely choose and decide the center. In short, centralization means that the center determines the node. The node must depend on the center, and the node cannot survive without the center. In a decentralized system, anyone is a node, and anyone can be a center. Any center is not permanent, but phased, and no center is mandatory for nodes
extended data:
in a system with many nodes, each node has a high degree of autonomy. Nodes can connect freely to each other to form a new connection unit. Any node may become the stage center, but it does not have the mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form nonlinear causality through the network. This open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization
with the deepening of the interaction between subject and object, the constant balance of cognitive function and the continuous improvement of cognitive structure, the indivial can be released from the egocentric state, which is called decentralization
2.
The impact of urbanization on China: advantages and disadvantages on society: cities can create more employment opportunities and absorb a large number of rural surplus population. The labor force graally transfers from the first instry to the second instry, the third instry and the fourth instry; Urban culture diffuses and infiltrates into rural areas, influencing the proction and life style of rural areas, and improving the opening degree of rural areas; It is concive to the communication between urban and rural areas and narrowing the gap between urban and rural development
Disadvantages: urbanization is easy to cause urban traffic congestion, housing tension, social disorder (high crime rate), moral atmosphere is declining, social security pressure is rapidly increasing, and social security gap is difficult to fill As the economic center of regional development, it can promote the development of regional economy, and the improvement of regional economic level can promote the development of cities; Promote the change of proction mode, settlement form, life style, values, etc; The process of urbanization can effectively promote the development of rural areas and improve the regional instrial structure; Urbanization helps to improve the efficiency of instrial proction, and instrialization gives impetus to urbanizationdisadvantages: urbanization can easily lead to the rise of land price and cost. A large number of farmers leave the original cultivated land, the problem of abandoning cultivation and abandoning wasteland is becoming more and more serious, and China's grain import rate is graally increasing, which makes the food security problem of China, a populous country, have hidden dangers, which is not concive to China's national development and political stability
expansion data:
the development trend and layout of urbanization
1. Development trend: with the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the start of township urban reconstruction and expansion projects, and the large-scale construction of affordable housing, the construction instry will continue to maintain a stable development trend. The development of metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations, urban belts and central cities indicates the rapid take-off of China's urbanization process
Reasonable layout: to make the city have a strong ability of agglomeration and radiation, its urban population should be more than 2 million; When the urban population exceeds 16 million, serious urban diseases will occur; When the population of urban agglomeration exceeds 50 million, there will be more serious urban agglomeration diseases, especially environmental problems, housing problems and traffic problems3. http://wenku..com/view/748e6e3043323968011c927f.html
4. Disadvantages:
recently, there have been continuous reports about the rapid development of urbanization in China, saying that the level of urbanization in 2003 has reached 40.5%, which is higher than the original planned target, and that China's cities have entered a "period of accelerated development", and even some reports say that there is a "great leap forward" in urbanization. Is it a good thing to build momentum and promote the process of urbanization? Will it bring any negative effects< According to the original plan, China's urbanization level will reach 35% by 2005 and 40-42% by 2010. In other words, China has achieved the original goal of urbanization six to seven years ahead of schele. Authoritative departments put forward that China's urbanization level should reach 65% in the middle of this century, and then reach 75%
one of my questions is whether the pace of urbanization is too fast. It took 90 years for Britain to raise its urbanization level from 26% to 70%, France from 25.5% to 71.7%, and the United States from 25.7% to 75.2%. However, it will take only 10 years for us to increase from 28% in 1993 to 40.5% in 2003. That is to say, with such a speed, we can reach 60% by 2020 and 75% by 2035. In other words, we are only going through the same urbanization process in half the time of Britain, almost one third of the time of France and the United States
the second question is whether it is necessary for China to set the level of urbanization as high as that of developed countries, reaching more than 75%. In order to realize instrialization and modernization, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote social and economic development, we can not do without a certain level of urbanization, which is an easy truth to understand; There is no doubt that China's urbanization level was low before the 1980s, but it is still not high enough and needs to be improved. But should the level of urbanization be the same in all countries? China's national conditions are very different from those of all the developed countries that have achieved modernization so far. Do China's urbanization standards have to be in line with them? Should there be some differences between the urbanization standards of the 21st century and those of the 19th and 20th centuries
the particularity of China is very distinct. First, there are too many people. 1.3 billion people, more than the total population of North America, Europe and Japan; Second, the available land resources are relatively poor. Although China's land area is 9.6 million square kilometers, more than two-thirds of the plateau, mountains, deserts, Gobi and arid areas that are not available and suitable for human habitation under scientific conditions are now overburdened by the available land to bear the current population, which is worse than any developed country; Third, there is a serious shortage of basic resources, such as less than one fourth of the world's fresh water per capita and less than one third of the world's cultivated land per capita. Compared with developed countries, this aspect is far worse. In view of the fact that the consumption of resources by the urban population is far greater than that of the same number of rural population, whether we must fully consider the problem that the basic resources of our country adapt to the reasonable proportion of urban and rural population distribution when we implement urbanization. Since China's basic resource situation is far less than that of developed countries, why is our urbanization level set as high as theirs? If we have 1.5 billion people in 2020, 60% of the urban population will be 900 million; In this century, the population is 1.7 billion, so 75% of the urban population is 1.275 billion. How much fresh water, how much land, how much energy, how much food, how much housing and how much transportation facilities can support such a huge urban population
urbanization means more concentrated proction and consumption, larger scale, more socialized and higher proction efficiency, and modernization. The higher the degree of urbanization, the higher the degree of modernization. This is the understanding of the significance of urbanization so far. But in the past two or three decades, with the progress of science and technology, especially the development and popularization of computer and network technology, people's understanding of urbanization standards is undergoing some new changes. Nowadays, more and more people can work far away from the central city or even at home. They can also obtain information, hold meetings, trade and complete many things. Moreover, they can greatly save time and rece a lot of logistics consumption. In addition, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of the environment, and they are not willing to go to the big cities with serious pollution. As a result, the population in some developed countries began to disperse from big cities to small cities and from downtown areas to suburbs. Moreover, this trend will not rece the degree of modernization at all. When we are promoting urbanization in the 21st century, should we consider these new factors to avoid the detour of over concentration of population to the central city
the third question is whether too fast and excessive urbanization will cause some consequences that are difficult to reverse and correct. Now there is a feeling that China's urbanization is promoted through a strong planned economy model and strong administrative means, rather than natural development to meet the needs of the market. For example, the average rate of urbanization is more than one block per year, the degree of urbanization in which year, and the recent proposal to speed up the pace of urbanization are all typical practices of planned economy. Urbanization is more complex than any single proct or single economic index, which involves population distribution, resource allocation, environment and society. The role of administration and planning is necessary for urbanization, but it should be mainly reflected in the concentration of outstanding talents in all aspects, the formulation of scientific urban planning according to history, current situation and future, the comprehensive balance, the accurate positioning of urban functions, and the assurance of urban characteristics, rather than the emphasis on indicators and progress
the rapid and excessive urbanization may cause at least four consequences that are difficult to reverse and correct:
one is the abnormal rection of a large number of cultivated land. Cities are generally built in plain areas with good natural conditions, which are also the best agricultural areas. According to the plan, China's urbanization needs to occupy 3% - 6% of the country's land, the proportion seems small, but the area is not small, about 300000-600000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to one-third to one-half of China's total plain area. In order to occupy so much good land, how can we realize the original intention of urbanization to let the people who stay in rural areas get more arable land? In fact, e to the rapid development of urbanization, the wind of enclosure is still prevailing. With the rise of a large number of luxury factories, buildings and various "image projects", large areas of fertile land in the past have disappeared, which makes the contradiction between more farmland and less arable land more prominent. In recent years alone, the net loss of cultivated land has reached 38 million mu, resulting in a large number of landless, jobless and insecure farmers, which is also an important reason for the continuous decline of grain proction
the second is to proce serious "urban disease". Urbanization is too fast, the city is too large, too many people are concentrated in the city in a short time, which inevitably leads to a large number of unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply, traffic congestion, increased crime, environmental deterioration, increased risk of various crises and other phenomena. Some experts say that urbanization does not necessarily proce "urban disease". The root causes of "urban disease" lie in the one sidedness of guiding ideology, the irrationality of instrial structure and layout, and the development mode of "low-density expansion". They put forward "development overcomes urban disease", "planning reces urban disease" and "management cures urban disease". These opinions are reasonable, but the question is whether we can achieve in practice that the guiding ideology is not one-sided, whether the planning is scientific and reasonable, and whether the management is strict. This summer, a heavy rain in Beijing paralyzed almost the whole city's traffic, while a heavy rain and gale in Shanghai caused serious traffic jams and large-scale blackouts, which exposed the problems in our urban construction and management
three is the "bubble" of real estate. At present, many cities are building houses too fast and too much, which takes up a lot of bank funds. If the supply exceeds the demand seriously, or the price exceeds the affordability of the citizens, a large number of houses will be vacant, leading to economic crisis. Experience has proved that the economic crisis caused by the real estate bubble will take many years to slow down. The fourth is the "ruins" of the city. There are two possible reasons for this: first, the above-mentioned serious oversupply of real estate, resulting in a large number of vacant buildings; The second is the declining trend of China's population in this century. According to the assumption of China's population policy, after reaching the peak of 1.7 billion, the total population will graally decline and finally reach the ideal scale of about 700 million. Now that so many large-scale cities have been built today, will there be one day when not so many people will live in them
China's urbanization, in terms of its scale, is unprecedented in human history, and may also be unprecedented. Its arousness and complexity cannot be compared with any developed country. It's not only about today, it's about tomorrow, it's about future generations. When a city is built, it cannot be easily demolished; What is lost in the process of urbanization is also difficult to recover. Our pace should be steady. We should maximize the benefits of urbanization and try our best to avoid or rece the disadvantages that may be brought by carelessness and blindness.
advantages:
first of all, we should talk about the income. The income of large urbanization areas is certainly higher than that of small urbanization areas. Intuitively speaking, the income of urban areas is higher than that of rural areas, such as Shanghai residents, and many residents live in crowded and narrow areas, There are many dilapidated small tile roofed houses in urban villages, and many of them are unemployed at home. However, e to the advancement of urbanization, real estate developers begin to spread to the residents' houses. If small houses are demolished, there will be no less compensation, and decent housing will be arranged, so such residents begin to live a better life; Well off & quot; After living in a good house, the extra compensation can be put into the bank for pension and social welfare.
on the other hand, in ordinary and dirty communities, the owners of low and middle block houses (left by their ancestors) don't worry about their income at all. In the small tile roofed houses with 5 or 6 square meters in Shanghai, the monthly rent is 350-500, you know, In addition to a bed, there is no room for a table in such a house. But most people can't live in such a house. I've been to similar places. I've seen several people live in the same house, a big bed, and some of them are wives, daughters or sons. It's really surprising. Let's calculate the owner's income, As long as there are five or six such small houses, and their income has reached 2000-3000 yuan, plus they have a fixed place, they can play mahjong every day without work. They even feel that they are qualified to dictate in front of people from other places.
the housing price in Shanghai is a little high, and the above phenomenon has spread to the rural areas of Shanghai, which has created a short-term advantage of urban population, Such advantages are of far-reaching significance.
in contrast to the rural areas, let's take Pizhou rural areas as an example. Especially 10 years ago, urbanization did not involve the rural areas at all. The source of income depends on the breeding and planting instries. Instrialization is very low. To be honest, the income of many old people and vulnerable groups is zero. Even if there are relatively rich businessmen in the middle, the average index has been obliterated by these people, Economic indicators have suffered a great loss. Although they have not reached the point of starvation, in the eyes of big cities, our situation is worse than that of Africa.
even now, such a situation still exists. Although it has improved, the basic contradictions have not been solved and there are more businessmen,
recently, there have been continuous reports about the rapid development of urbanization in China, saying that the level of urbanization in 2003 has reached 40.5%, which is higher than the original planned target, and that China's cities have entered a "period of accelerated development", and even some reports say that there is a "great leap forward" in urbanization. Is it a good thing to build momentum and promote the process of urbanization? Will it bring any negative effects< According to the original plan, China's urbanization level will reach 35% by 2005 and 40-42% by 2010. In other words, China has achieved the original goal of urbanization six to seven years ahead of schele. Authoritative departments put forward that China's urbanization level should reach 65% in the middle of this century, and then reach 75%
one of my questions is whether the pace of urbanization is too fast. It took 90 years for Britain to raise its urbanization level from 26% to 70%, France from 25.5% to 71.7%, and the United States from 25.7% to 75.2%. However, it will take only 10 years for us to increase from 28% in 1993 to 40.5% in 2003. That is to say, with such a speed, we can reach 60% by 2020 and 75% by 2035. In other words, we are only going through the same urbanization process in half the time of Britain, almost one third of the time of France and the United States
the second question is whether it is necessary for China to set the level of urbanization as high as that of developed countries, reaching more than 75%. In order to realize instrialization and modernization, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote social and economic development, we can not do without a certain level of urbanization, which is an easy truth to understand; There is no doubt that China's urbanization level was low before the 1980s, but it is still not high enough and needs to be improved. But should the level of urbanization be the same in all countries? China's national conditions are very different from those of all the developed countries that have achieved modernization so far. Do China's urbanization standards have to be in line with them? Should there be some differences between the urbanization standards of the 21st century and those of the 19th and 20th centuries
the particularity of China is very distinct. First, there are too many people. 1.3 billion people, more than the total population of North America, Europe and Japan; Second, the available land resources are relatively poor. Although China's land area is 9.6 million square kilometers, more than two-thirds of the plateau, mountains, deserts, Gobi and arid areas that are not available and suitable for human habitation under scientific conditions are now overburdened by the available land to bear the current population, which is worse than any developed country; Third, there is a serious shortage of basic resources, such as less than one fourth of the world's fresh water per capita and less than one third of the world's cultivated land per capita. Compared with developed countries, this aspect is far worse. In view of the fact that the consumption of resources by the urban population is far greater than that of the same number of rural population, whether we must fully consider the problem that the basic resources of our country adapt to the reasonable proportion of urban and rural population distribution when we implement urbanization. Since China's basic resource situation is far less than that of developed countries, why is our urbanization level set as high as theirs? If we have 1.5 billion people in 2020, 60% of the urban population will be 900 million; In this century, the population is 1.7 billion, so 75% of the urban population is 1.275 billion. How much fresh water, how much land, how much energy, how much food, how much housing and how much transportation facilities can support such a huge urban population
urbanization means more concentrated proction and consumption, larger scale, more socialized and higher proction efficiency, and modernization. The higher the degree of urbanization, the higher the degree of modernization. This is the understanding of the significance of urbanization so far. But in the past two or three decades, with the progress of science and technology, especially the development and popularization of computer and network technology, people's understanding of urbanization standards is undergoing some new changes. Nowadays, more and more people can work far away from the central city or even at home. They can also obtain information, hold meetings, trade and complete many things. Moreover, they can greatly save time and rece a lot of logistics consumption. In addition, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of the environment, and they are not willing to go to the big cities with serious pollution. As a result, the population in some developed countries began to disperse from big cities to small cities and from downtown areas to suburbs. Moreover, this trend will not rece the degree of modernization at all. When we are promoting urbanization in the 21st century, should we consider these new factors to avoid the detour of over concentration of population to the central city
the third question is whether too fast and excessive urbanization will cause some consequences that are difficult to reverse and correct. Now there is a feeling that China's urbanization is promoted through a strong planned economy model and strong administrative means, rather than natural development to meet the needs of the market. For example, the average rate of urbanization is more than one block per year, the degree of urbanization in which year, and the recent proposal to speed up the pace of urbanization are all typical practices of planned economy. Urbanization is more complex than any single proct or single economic index, which involves population distribution, resource allocation, environment and society. The role of administration and planning is necessary for urbanization, but it should be mainly reflected in the concentration of outstanding talents in all aspects, the formulation of scientific urban planning according to history, current situation and future, the comprehensive balance, the accurate positioning of urban functions, and the assurance of urban characteristics, rather than the emphasis on indicators and progress
the rapid and excessive urbanization may cause at least four consequences that are difficult to reverse and correct:
one is the abnormal rection of a large number of cultivated land. Cities are generally built in plain areas with good natural conditions, which are also the best agricultural areas. According to the plan, China's urbanization needs to occupy 3% - 6% of the country's land, the proportion seems small, but the area is not small, about 300000-600000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to one-third to one-half of China's total plain area. In order to occupy so much good land, how can we realize the original intention of urbanization to let the people who stay in rural areas get more arable land? In fact, e to the rapid development of urbanization, the wind of enclosure is still prevailing. With the rise of a large number of luxury factories, buildings and various "image projects", large areas of fertile land in the past have disappeared, which makes the contradiction between more farmland and less arable land more prominent. In recent years alone, the net loss of cultivated land has reached 38 million mu, resulting in a large number of landless, jobless and insecure farmers, which is also an important reason for the continuous decline of grain proction
the second is to proce serious "urban disease". Urbanization is too fast, the city is too large, too many people are concentrated in the city in a short time, which inevitably leads to a large number of unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply, traffic congestion, increased crime, environmental deterioration, increased risk of various crises and other phenomena. Some experts say that urbanization does not necessarily proce "urban disease". The root causes of "urban disease" lie in the one sidedness of guiding ideology, the irrationality of instrial structure and layout, and the development mode of "low-density expansion". They put forward "development overcomes urban disease", "planning reces urban disease" and "management cures urban disease". These opinions are reasonable, but the question is whether we can achieve in practice that the guiding ideology is not one-sided, whether the planning is scientific and reasonable, and whether the management is strict. This summer, a heavy rain in Beijing paralyzed almost the whole city's traffic, while a heavy rain and gale in Shanghai caused serious traffic jams and large-scale blackouts, which exposed the problems in our urban construction and management
three is the "bubble" of real estate. At present, many cities are building houses too fast and too much, which takes up a lot of bank funds. If the supply exceeds the demand seriously, or the price exceeds the affordability of the citizens, a large number of houses will be vacant, leading to economic crisis. Experience has proved that the economic crisis caused by the real estate bubble will take many years to slow down. The fourth is the "ruins" of the city. There are two possible reasons for this: first, the above-mentioned serious oversupply of real estate, resulting in a large number of vacant buildings; The second is the declining trend of China's population in this century. According to the assumption of China's population policy, after reaching the peak of 1.7 billion, the total population will graally decline and finally reach the ideal scale of about 700 million. Now that so many large-scale cities have been built today, will there be one day when not so many people will live in them
China's urbanization, in terms of its scale, is unprecedented in human history, and may also be unprecedented. Its arousness and complexity cannot be compared with any developed country. It's not only about today, it's about tomorrow, it's about future generations. When a city is built, it cannot be easily demolished; What is lost in the process of urbanization is also difficult to recover. Our pace should be steady. We should maximize the benefits of urbanization and try our best to avoid or rece the disadvantages that may be brought by carelessness and blindness.
advantages:
first of all, we should talk about the income. The income of large urbanization areas is certainly higher than that of small urbanization areas. Intuitively speaking, the income of urban areas is higher than that of rural areas, such as Shanghai residents, and many residents live in crowded and narrow areas, There are many dilapidated small tile roofed houses in urban villages, and many of them are unemployed at home. However, e to the advancement of urbanization, real estate developers begin to spread to the residents' houses. If small houses are demolished, there will be no less compensation, and decent housing will be arranged, so such residents begin to live a better life; Well off & quot; After living in a good house, the extra compensation can be put into the bank for pension and social welfare.
on the other hand, in ordinary and dirty communities, the owners of low and middle block houses (left by their ancestors) don't worry about their income at all. In the small tile roofed houses with 5 or 6 square meters in Shanghai, the monthly rent is 350-500, you know, In addition to a bed, there is no room for a table in such a house. But most people can't live in such a house. I've been to similar places. I've seen several people live in the same house, a big bed, and some of them are wives, daughters or sons. It's really surprising. Let's calculate the owner's income, As long as there are five or six such small houses, and their income has reached 2000-3000 yuan, plus they have a fixed place, they can play mahjong every day without work. They even feel that they are qualified to dictate in front of people from other places.
the housing price in Shanghai is a little high, and the above phenomenon has spread to the rural areas of Shanghai, which has created a short-term advantage of urban population, Such advantages are of far-reaching significance.
in contrast to the rural areas, let's take Pizhou rural areas as an example. Especially 10 years ago, urbanization did not involve the rural areas at all. The source of income depends on the breeding and planting instries. Instrialization is very low. To be honest, the income of many old people and vulnerable groups is zero. Even if there are relatively rich businessmen in the middle, the average index has been obliterated by these people, Economic indicators have suffered a great loss. Although they have not reached the point of starvation, in the eyes of big cities, our situation is worse than that of Africa.
even now, such a situation still exists. Although it has improved, the basic contradictions have not been solved and there are more businessmen,
5. Excessive urbanization will also bring disadvantages. For example: the rapid increase of urban population, environmental deterioration, resource crisis, air pollution, water shortage, noise pollution, traffic congestion, deterioration of public security and other "urban diseases" brought by urban development are seriously affecting our lives< To sum up, the rapid and excessive urbanization may cause at least four consequences that are difficult to reverse and correct:
one is the abnormal rection of a large number of cultivated land
in fact, e to the rapid development of urbanization, the wind of enclosure is still prevailing. With the rise of a large number of luxury factories, buildings and various "image projects", large areas of fertile land in the past have disappeared, which makes the contradiction between more farmland and less arable land more prominent. In recent years alone, the net loss of cultivated land has reached 38 million mu, resulting in a large number of landless, jobless and insecure farmers, which is also an important reason for the continuous decline of grain proction
the second is to proce serious "urban disease"
urbanization is too fast, cities are too large, and too many people are concentrated in cities in a short period of time, which inevitably leads to a large number of unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply, traffic congestion, increased crime, environmental deterioration, and increased risk of various crises. Some experts say that urbanization will not necessarily lead to "urban disease". The root causes of "urban disease" lie in the one sidedness of the guiding ideology, the irrationality of instrial structure and layout, and the development mode of "low-density expansion". They put forward "development overcomes urban disease", "planning reces urban disease" and "management cures urban disease". These opinions are reasonable, but the question is whether we can achieve in practice that the guiding ideology is not one-sided, whether the planning is scientific and reasonable, and whether the management is strict
three is the "bubble" of real estate.
nowadays, many cities are building houses too fast and too much, which takes up a lot of bank funds. If the supply exceeds the demand seriously, or the price exceeds the affordability of the citizens, a large number of houses will be vacant, leading to economic crisis. Experience has proved that the economic crisis caused by the real estate bubble will take many years to slow down. The fourth is the "ruins" of the city
there are two possible reasons for this: first, the above-mentioned real estate is in serious oversupply, resulting in a large number of vacant buildings; The second is the declining trend of China's population in this century. According to the assumption of China's population policy, after reaching the peak of 1.7 billion, the total population will graally decline and finally reach the ideal scale of about 700 million. Now that so many large-scale cities have been built today, will there be one day when not so many people will live in them
China's urbanization, in terms of its scale, is unprecedented in human history, and may also be unprecedented. Its arousness and complexity cannot be compared with any developed country. It's not only about today, it's about tomorrow, it's about future generations. When a city is built, it cannot be easily demolished; What is lost in the process of urbanization is also difficult to recover. Our pace should be steady, we should maximize the benefits of urbanization, and try to avoid or rece the disadvantages that may be caused by carelessness and blindness.
one is the abnormal rection of a large number of cultivated land
in fact, e to the rapid development of urbanization, the wind of enclosure is still prevailing. With the rise of a large number of luxury factories, buildings and various "image projects", large areas of fertile land in the past have disappeared, which makes the contradiction between more farmland and less arable land more prominent. In recent years alone, the net loss of cultivated land has reached 38 million mu, resulting in a large number of landless, jobless and insecure farmers, which is also an important reason for the continuous decline of grain proction
the second is to proce serious "urban disease"
urbanization is too fast, cities are too large, and too many people are concentrated in cities in a short period of time, which inevitably leads to a large number of unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply, traffic congestion, increased crime, environmental deterioration, and increased risk of various crises. Some experts say that urbanization will not necessarily lead to "urban disease". The root causes of "urban disease" lie in the one sidedness of the guiding ideology, the irrationality of instrial structure and layout, and the development mode of "low-density expansion". They put forward "development overcomes urban disease", "planning reces urban disease" and "management cures urban disease". These opinions are reasonable, but the question is whether we can achieve in practice that the guiding ideology is not one-sided, whether the planning is scientific and reasonable, and whether the management is strict
three is the "bubble" of real estate.
nowadays, many cities are building houses too fast and too much, which takes up a lot of bank funds. If the supply exceeds the demand seriously, or the price exceeds the affordability of the citizens, a large number of houses will be vacant, leading to economic crisis. Experience has proved that the economic crisis caused by the real estate bubble will take many years to slow down. The fourth is the "ruins" of the city
there are two possible reasons for this: first, the above-mentioned real estate is in serious oversupply, resulting in a large number of vacant buildings; The second is the declining trend of China's population in this century. According to the assumption of China's population policy, after reaching the peak of 1.7 billion, the total population will graally decline and finally reach the ideal scale of about 700 million. Now that so many large-scale cities have been built today, will there be one day when not so many people will live in them
China's urbanization, in terms of its scale, is unprecedented in human history, and may also be unprecedented. Its arousness and complexity cannot be compared with any developed country. It's not only about today, it's about tomorrow, it's about future generations. When a city is built, it cannot be easily demolished; What is lost in the process of urbanization is also difficult to recover. Our pace should be steady, we should maximize the benefits of urbanization, and try to avoid or rece the disadvantages that may be caused by carelessness and blindness.
6. For example, in the process of China's urbanization, the development of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities is over expanding, resulting in traffic congestion, environmental pollution, housing congestion, overpopulation and other problems, which is known as "big city disease". In the future, the development of big cities should adopt the multi center group mode, in order to avoid or alleviate the occurrence of urban diseases, we can start from the following aspects:
first, we should adopt the strategy of spatial adjustment. In the past, the mode of urban development was "single center, big pie". The city was the development center, surrounded by residential areas. People went to the middle in the morning and out at night, causing traffic congestion and heat island effect. If we change the mode of urban development, such as multi center cluster development, build a center outside the city, build a new urban area, and become another cluster, it will be separated from the single center and form a complementary, and the heat island effect can also be solved. Therefore, the future development of big cities should adopt the multi center group type
Second, we should constantly adjust the instrial structure in the process of development. For example, with the continuous development and expansion of the city, we should graally transfer the manufacturing instry and heavy chemical instry, and focus on the development of service instry and cultural and creative instry. In general, with the adjustment of instrial structure, the "big city disease" will be alleviated. For example, the fog in London, the frequent cases in New York and the environmental incidents in Tokyo are all manifestations of "big city disease". However, the ecological environment and social security of these cities have been continuously improved
thirdly, the development of big cities should take the way of division of labor and cooperation with surrounding cities. For example, the proction of spare parts should be transferred to small towns. The reason for the expansion of big cities is that the population density is too large, and urban management is prone to various problems
Fourth, take the new urbanization road. The traditional urbanization takes a road of "fighting for land, resources and cost", which brings a series of problems such as lagging infrastructure construction, serious environmental pollution and extensive urban management level. The new urbanization road is just a reflection and correction of a series of "urban diseases" caused by the traditional urbanization, and it is an urbanization development road following the scientific outlook on development. The so-called new urbanization road is under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development, taking overall consideration as the principle, taking people's livelihood and happiness as the direction, taking new instrialization as the basis, following the urbanization law of coordinated development of instrialization and urbanization, rural and urban areas, population and urban areas, advocating the establishment of an urbanization mechanism led by the government, market subject, and social participation, and striving to promote the development of population and urbanization Intensive and sustainable urbanization mode of coordinated development of resources and environment. In the process of new urbanization, it is emphasized that the layout must be scientific and reasonable, the function must be livable and suitable for business, the taste must be distinctive, the instry must be high-end, the management must be refined, and the implementation must be in place.
first, we should adopt the strategy of spatial adjustment. In the past, the mode of urban development was "single center, big pie". The city was the development center, surrounded by residential areas. People went to the middle in the morning and out at night, causing traffic congestion and heat island effect. If we change the mode of urban development, such as multi center cluster development, build a center outside the city, build a new urban area, and become another cluster, it will be separated from the single center and form a complementary, and the heat island effect can also be solved. Therefore, the future development of big cities should adopt the multi center group type
Second, we should constantly adjust the instrial structure in the process of development. For example, with the continuous development and expansion of the city, we should graally transfer the manufacturing instry and heavy chemical instry, and focus on the development of service instry and cultural and creative instry. In general, with the adjustment of instrial structure, the "big city disease" will be alleviated. For example, the fog in London, the frequent cases in New York and the environmental incidents in Tokyo are all manifestations of "big city disease". However, the ecological environment and social security of these cities have been continuously improved
thirdly, the development of big cities should take the way of division of labor and cooperation with surrounding cities. For example, the proction of spare parts should be transferred to small towns. The reason for the expansion of big cities is that the population density is too large, and urban management is prone to various problems
Fourth, take the new urbanization road. The traditional urbanization takes a road of "fighting for land, resources and cost", which brings a series of problems such as lagging infrastructure construction, serious environmental pollution and extensive urban management level. The new urbanization road is just a reflection and correction of a series of "urban diseases" caused by the traditional urbanization, and it is an urbanization development road following the scientific outlook on development. The so-called new urbanization road is under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development, taking overall consideration as the principle, taking people's livelihood and happiness as the direction, taking new instrialization as the basis, following the urbanization law of coordinated development of instrialization and urbanization, rural and urban areas, population and urban areas, advocating the establishment of an urbanization mechanism led by the government, market subject, and social participation, and striving to promote the development of population and urbanization Intensive and sustainable urbanization mode of coordinated development of resources and environment. In the process of new urbanization, it is emphasized that the layout must be scientific and reasonable, the function must be livable and suitable for business, the taste must be distinctive, the instry must be high-end, the management must be refined, and the implementation must be in place.
7. The destruction of ecological forest, the destruction of surface vegetation and the rection of greening, the distortion of the normal relationship between groundwater and the ground, the drying of urban air (heat island effect, etc.), the pollution of air and land by instry (especially agricultural land), the increase of sandstorm, etc. We can find the answer from all aspects of life, or for the problems in the process of urbanization
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