X86 computing power
Publish: 2021-04-08 13:13:37
1. No, the CPU of a mobile phone is an embedded CPU. Its instruction set is simplified (that is, its function is simple). Although the speed is faster and faster, it is not the same concept as a computer. Or you can understand it from the aspect of energy (a computer uses so much electricity as a mobile phone, so what's the computer for.
2. The history of computer
the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer
as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers
British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm
the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<
Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer
the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer
the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began
at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer
after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.
the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer
as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers
British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm
the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<
Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer
the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer
the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began
at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer
after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.
3. Now, the gap between arm and x86 processor in floating-point computing power is still huge, not only by the architecture, but also by their different application directions
4.
According to reports, with the speculation of bitcoin, China's domestic virtual currencies have become popular. They are uniformly called "Shanzhai coins" in the instry, with more than 30 kinds
instry insiders said that the original purpose of virtual currency is financial innovation, to get rid of the traditional currency exchange and payment mode, which is worth affirming. But now, with the rampant of "counterfeit money" in China, it is replaced by investment, speculation, and even illegal phenomena such as money collection
but a variety of digital currencies emerge in endlessly, and there are more and more pyramid schemes of "Shanzhai currency" holding high the banner of virtual currency. In 2017 alone, among a number of major cases investigated and dealt with by local public security organs according to law, 107 currencies are involved, and the amount involved is usually more than 100 million yuan
Article source: bit110 network
5. X86's integer operation performance is relatively strong, but floating-point operation is just like that
I don't know much about PowerPC. As for DSP, it depends on the specific DSP core
for example, MAC length of DSP core, coef buffer, etc. If it is a targeted DSP, then the floating-point efficiency is not necessarily lower than that of X86
secondly, x86 processor is mainly for comprehensive performance, and more for bus controller. If the decoding and execution efficiency is irreplaceable. DSP is designed for digital operation. Just like the GPU of the graphics card is far more efficient than the CPU in floating-point operation.
I don't know much about PowerPC. As for DSP, it depends on the specific DSP core
for example, MAC length of DSP core, coef buffer, etc. If it is a targeted DSP, then the floating-point efficiency is not necessarily lower than that of X86
secondly, x86 processor is mainly for comprehensive performance, and more for bus controller. If the decoding and execution efficiency is irreplaceable. DSP is designed for digital operation. Just like the GPU of the graphics card is far more efficient than the CPU in floating-point operation.
6. The instruction set supported by fx8350: MMX (+), SSE (1,2,3,3s, 4.1,4.2,4a), x86-64, AMD-V, AES, AVX, XOP
floating-point computing capability is ahead of Intel in the era of speed dragon. Now the floating-point computing capability is weaker than Intel
fx8350 can definitely play all games. There is no doubt that there is a big difference between fx8350 and 8150, 8120. The comprehensive performance is about 20% ahead of 8150 and about 40% ahead of 8120. There are many items to be evaluated, You can't enumerate them one by one, just look at the comprehensive performance
these three CPUs have no problem playing all the current games
floating-point computing capability is ahead of Intel in the era of speed dragon. Now the floating-point computing capability is weaker than Intel
fx8350 can definitely play all games. There is no doubt that there is a big difference between fx8350 and 8150, 8120. The comprehensive performance is about 20% ahead of 8150 and about 40% ahead of 8120. There are many items to be evaluated, You can't enumerate them one by one, just look at the comprehensive performance
these three CPUs have no problem playing all the current games
7. CPU computing power has special running points. It depends on what you do. There are special running points software for different items
quantity * dominant frequency is wrong.
quantity * dominant frequency is wrong.
8. Water blowing B, the system is not native, the software architecture is different, you still want to be close to 100%
arm can be close to 100%, does that mean that x86 runs Android system 100%??? What's the use of arm
it's not the end of the desktop. Now it's hard to call I3 8100. AMD and Intel have developed to 32 cores and 5GHz or above. There is such a big gap between the reced instruction set and the complex instruction set. Why are most open software on the win platform
in 17, Qualcomm released centriq 2400 server CPU, intended to compete with Intel, and then lost the energy consumption ratio to Intel under the same computing power. As of 18 years, Qualcomm was completely defeated (Intel's 14nm and Qualcomm's 10nm energy consumption could not beat, and arm's limitations on large-scale tasks have been proved)
Android system may replace or occupy windows system, Entertainment daily use and light office market, but arm certainly can not replace the desktop processor, can only become a transit device.
arm can be close to 100%, does that mean that x86 runs Android system 100%??? What's the use of arm
it's not the end of the desktop. Now it's hard to call I3 8100. AMD and Intel have developed to 32 cores and 5GHz or above. There is such a big gap between the reced instruction set and the complex instruction set. Why are most open software on the win platform
in 17, Qualcomm released centriq 2400 server CPU, intended to compete with Intel, and then lost the energy consumption ratio to Intel under the same computing power. As of 18 years, Qualcomm was completely defeated (Intel's 14nm and Qualcomm's 10nm energy consumption could not beat, and arm's limitations on large-scale tasks have been proved)
Android system may replace or occupy windows system, Entertainment daily use and light office market, but arm certainly can not replace the desktop processor, can only become a transit device.
9. Ha ha ~ the idea is pretty good ha ~ but look at the HD4850 group CF now, it's just two cards, but what's the effect? Driving problems like this and that? If thousands of GPUs are put together, it is estimated that AMD & NVIDIA and other companies will not be able to solve the problem of driver. Secondly, the research and development platform is not the same, CPU is based on x86 architecture, the corresponding software platform has been very mature. If we want to develop a special platform based on GPU, the subsequent cost is immeasurable
this has been available for a long time. As mentioned above, it's really terrible to see that data
but what about the ~ ~ ~ connection mode??? PCI—E It's too slow. Generally, the speed of the connector is at least tens of gflops
this has been available for a long time. As mentioned above, it's really terrible to see that data
but what about the ~ ~ ~ connection mode??? PCI—E It's too slow. Generally, the speed of the connector is at least tens of gflops
10. PC 20120726 Gual is a new model
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