Computing power bitcoin
The following is the distribution chart of computing power:
the computing power of bitcoin is mainly controlled by some mine owners in the world, and the computing power of retail investors is very small, almost negligible. The computing power of China's mining pool even accounts for more than 80%, and China's voice is increasing
however, many digital currencies no longer need to be mined. Some digital currencies will be directly sent to investors through ICO, and Puyin is one of the representatives, but these digital currencies generally correspond to real assets
Bitcoin bulls often mention that the scarcity value of this cryptocurrency is the main reason for its continued rise. Bitcoin is similar to gold to some extent. The growth of its supply is extremely slow, and it is still slowing down. Its total supply will only reach 21 million
with the increasing interest of institutional investors and retail investors in bitcoin, global exchanges such as the Chicago Board of options (CBOE) have launched bitcoin futures contracts. This is likely to encourage more institutional investors to invest in bitcoin, while at the same time further curbing the price volatility of bitcoin
this much anticipated bitcoin futures trading has been launched on the Chicago Board of options exchange, which represents a significant step in the legalization of cryptocurrency. Futures is a derivative / financial instrument, which can force dealers to buy and sell an asset at a specific time and price
The most advanced bitcoin mining machine, one to two years to dig out a bitcoin, bitcoin mining is now too difficult. If you want to dig, you can dig ether currency. Now it is steadily appreciating every day. According to the current development trend, it will be able to recover its capital in about seven months, and then it will be profitable< br />
Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s and the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day, 3600 bitcoins can be g out every 24 hours
China's computing power has accounted for more than 75% of the world, that is to say, 75% of bitcoin in the world is made in China. How long does it take to dig a bitcoin
bitcoin used to be very good at "digging", which can be done by ordinary computer CPU, and it can automatically "solve problems" by downloading software. But with the rise of currency price, more and more people want to "solve the problem", and the difficulty of mining is also increasing. Now, the amount of computation needed to dig a bitcoin is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Ordinary computers can't afford it
instry insiders said that in 2014, 100 bitcoins were generated from 500000 yuan of electricity charge per day, and the cost of electricity charge alone was 5000 yuan per coin. But now, the same cost has more than doubled, and the electricity cost of each bitcoin is as high as 10000 yuan
in the generation mechanism of bitcoin, mining reward is decreasing. At the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, the miners could get 50 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, and then 25 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, decreasing in turn. It's like digging gold. At first, it's more and less. The time point at which each new reward is reced by half is called half bitcoin proction
assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s, the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day in 2014, and 3600 bitcoins are g out every 24 hours
now, we can understand the difficulty of bitcoin digging in this way, which is equivalent to 100 million dice throwing numbers less than 100 million and 50 million. Whoever throws them first will get the bookkeeping right. At this point, 1050 million is a hash value. The process of throwing dice is called hash collision. The unit of mining power is the number of hash collisions per second
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million
Related videos: how long does it take to dig a bitcoin
1. Mining can not only proce bitcoin, but also guarantee transaction information
similarly, a mathematical system contains 21 million mathematical problems, so we need to constantly seek the special solution of each mathematical problem through a huge amount of calculation. In addition, the special solution is unique
mining can not only increase the supply of bitcoin money, but also protect the security of bitcoin transactions and prevent fraulent transactions. In terms of process, bitcoin network is a point-to-point payment system, and anyone can trade through the transaction program
in order to ensure that the transaction process is truthfully recorded, the role of "miner" is required to be responsible for recording bitcoin transaction information. The time interval is 10 minutes. The best recorded transaction records among miners will be packaged and stored in a new block, and the corresponding miners will also receive a certain amount of bitcoin rewards
2. The mining process is extremely complex, which is beyond human power
the specific process is as follows. When a miner listens to the transaction, he will first verify the transaction information. The verified transactions will be recorded by miners and stored in their own database. There may be thousands of miners in the world doing the same thing, but every ten minutes, only one miner has the right to create a new block, so that the transaction information recorded by himself can be recognized and stored permanently
next, miners need to fight for the right to keep accounts. This is a competition of computing power. The core of this competition is to use computers to complete a large number of calculation tasks and find a super difficult random number. This random number is the special solution of the equation mentioned in the first paragraph. The miner who calculates the correct random number first wins. According to the rules of the game, the probability of a miner getting the accounting right is directly proportional to the proportion of his computing power in the total computing power of the whole network. In other words, the probability of finding the random number is equivalent to throwing out 100 million dice, and the total number of dice is less than 150 million. Therefore, mining requires a large number of computers, installation of specific algorithm software, repeated operation day and night, not human
3. Bitcoin mining is actually "villagers' bookkeeping"
maybe some netizens still don't understand, let's take an example. In a village, the villagers often borrow money from each other, even if they write a written document, there is a risk of default. Then, every time there is a loan behavior in the village, we will use the village trumpet to inform everyone that all the villagers (miners) will record all the transaction records in their own account books.
bitcoin will be released on the Internet regularly to mine. To put it bluntly, it is the process that people use computer hardware to calculate the location of bitcoin and obtain it
mining is definitely the first professional mining machine. Many new children's shoes will choose to mine with graphics card. However, mining with graphics card is just like doing a professional job with "magic oil", but the efficiency is certainly not high. To dig bitcoin, we should pay attention to the following points: first, computing power (i.e. mining speed), second, power consumption, and third, stable performance. Computing power, bitcoin mining is faster than problem-solving speed, so it is self-evident that speed is more important; Power consumption is directly related to efficiency, that is, the issue of cost expenditure; The stability of performance mainly depends on the stability of calculation force when the working frequency is constant. Just think about it, no one wants the miner to lose its computing power every so often, or even break down. After all, it's all money ~
the general computing power of the graphics card is a few gigabytes, while the professional miner chip is as high as several thousand gigabytes. Take bm1387, the chip with the lowest power consumption in the world, as an example, the S9's computing power is as high as 14T, the power consumption on the wall is only 1400W, and the rated computing power reaches 13.5 Th / s ± 1 J / GH + 12% (wall, AC / DC 93% efficiency, 25 ° Rated voltage: 11.6 ~ 13.0v, in addition, in the case of non independent power supply, three power calculation boards can be connected to different power supply respectively, but each power calculation board can not be connected to multiple power supply, and ensure that the power calculation board is finally powered on
among the mining machines, ant mining machine is my favorite. At the same time, based on the average investment cost of bitcoin in the early stage, ant S9 can basically recover the capital in about five months, and the income in the later stage is immeasurable.
1. Prepare the bitcoin you want to send. The client is responsible for collecting the balance of bitcoin in your wallet (bitcoin QT) to prepare for payment, because every bitcoin you receive is stored in your wallet until you spend it. If you receive two payments from 3btc and 2btc, their records in the wallet are independent of each other, that is, a 3btc and a 2btc, rather than merging them into 5btc (the wallet only records transaction details and does not merge the balance, but you can see the total balance on the interface of the wallet). As time goes on, many bitcoins of different amounts will accumulate in your wallet, So when you send bitcoin, the wallet has to decide which bitcoin is the most suitable for this sending. The bitcoin you get in a transaction is called "inputs" and the bitcoin you spend is called "outputs". There are multiple inputs and outputs in your wallet
2. If your outputs are less than 0.01btc (including the fund changes inside your wallet), you have to pay a handling charge of 0.0001, even if you transfer it to yourself. The wallet has an established rule when preparing your payment amount, that is, when preparing the payment amount in many inputs, try to avoid the amount change less than 0.01btc (for example, if you want to pay 5.005btc, the wallet should choose 3 + 2.005 or 1 + 1 + 3.005 instead of 5 + 0.005)
3. The larger the amount, the higher the age, and the higher the priority. If the amount you send is too small or your bitcoin has just been mined, then your transfer is no longer free. Each transaction will be assigned a priority, which is determined by the degree of currency, the number of bytes and the number of transactions. Specifically, for each input, the client will first multiply the number of bitcoins by the time they exist in the block (currency age, age), and then divide all the procts by the size of the transaction (in bytes). The calculation formula is: priority = sum (input)_ value_ in_ base_ units * input_ age)/size_ in_ If the calculation result is less than 0.576, then the transaction must pay the handling fee. If you do have a large amount of small input and want to transfer it out for free, you can add a large amount of bitcoin with a large age, which will increase the average priority, so that you can transfer out bitcoin for free
4. Charge per kilobyte. At the end of the transfer, the client will detect the size of the transfer (in bytes). The size generally depends on the amount of input and output. The calculation formula is as follows: 148 * input amount + 34 * output amount + 10. If the size of the transfer exceeds 10000 bytes, but the priority meets the free standard, you can still enjoy the free transfer, Otherwise, there will be a handling charge. The cost of 1000 bytes is 0.0001btc by default, but you can also add it in the client. Open the tab "settings & gt; Options & gt; The main purpose is to adjust the handling charge. If the service charge you are setting is less than 0.0001, BTC is calculated as 0.0001.
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
currency characteristics
Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
Global Circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
exclusive ownership: the private key is required to manipulate bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
no hidden cost: as a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome quota and proceres. If you know the other party's bitcoin address, you can pay
cross platform Mining: users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms.