2020 supercomputer computing power
The computing power of Supercomputing Center is generally used for scientific research. If your project meets the relevant conditions, you can apply for cooperation according to a certain process. If you need computing power services, it is recommended that you learn about the next ten power free computing power
1. Supercomputers:
usually refers to the computer composed of hundreds, thousands or even more processors, which can calculate large and complex tasks that ordinary PC and server cannot complete. Supercomputer is a kind of computer with the strongest function, the fastest computing speed and the largest storage capacity. It is an important symbol of the national scientific and technological development level and comprehensive national strength
2. Server:
refers to some high-performance computers, which can provide services through the network. Compared with ordinary computer, the stability, security, performance and other aspects are higher, so the CPU, chipset, memory, disk system, network and other hardware are different from ordinary computer
the server is the node of the network, which stores and processes 80% of the data and information on the network, and plays an important role in the network. They are high-performance computers that provide various services for client computers. Their high performance mainly includes high-speed computing power, long-time reliable operation, strong external data throughput and so on
3. Desktop:
is a kind of independent and separate computer, which has no connection with other parts. Compared with notebook and netbook, the volume is larger, and the host, display and other devices are generally relatively independent, and generally need to be placed on the computer desk or special workbench. So it's called desktop
as a very popular microcomputer, most of the machines used in homes and companies are desktop computers. The performance of desktop is better than that of laptop
4. Embedded system:
that is, embedded systems
, is an application-oriented, microprocessor-based, software and hardware tailorable special-purpose computer system, which adapts to the application system's strict requirements on function, reliability, cost, volume, power consumption, etc. It is generally composed of embedded microprocessor, peripheral hardware, embedded operating system and user's application program
extended data
computer microprocessor (CPU) takes transistor as the basic component. With the continuous improvement of processor and the acceleration of update speed, computer structure and components will also change greatly. With the development of photoelectric technology, quantum technology and biotechnology, it has a great role in promoting the development of new computers
Since 1980s, ALU and control unit (CPU) have been integrated into one integrated circuit, which is called microprocessorthe working mode of this kind of computer is very intuitive: in a clock cycle, the computer first obtains instructions and data from memory, then executes instructions, stores data, and then obtains the next instruction
this process is repeated until a termination instruction is obtained. Explained by the controller, the instruction set executed by the arithmetic unit is a well-defined and very limited set of simple instructions
The traditional computer processing information is mainly characters and numbers. In fact, people are more used to pictures, words, sounds, images and other forms of multimedia information. Multimedia technology can integrate graphics, images, audio, video and text, making the object and content of information processing closer to the real world< br />Great good news, China's E-class computer prototype has completed the design and development, and has successfully passed the national acceptance, that is to say, China has become the first country in the world to break through the E-Class computer technology research and development. Then our country will start to enter the engineering manufacturing stage of E-class computer
Because of its powerful computing power, supercomputers play an irreplaceable role in national economic construction and military research and development. In the military field, they can quickly analyze massive satellite image information, simulate nuclear weapon explosion, and analyze complex wind tunnel data. The reason why China can catch up with and surpass the world-class in many aspects, such as the aerodynamic design of fighters, the research and development of hypersonic vehicles, and the design of waverider vehicles in a short time, is inseparable from China's possession of the world-class supercomputers. It is impossible for these designs to carry out a large number of actual flight tests. A lot of work is simulated and analyzed by supercomputers. In the future of advanced weapon design, supercomputer will become more and more important, is an essential important equipment
the news that China has completed the design of E-class computer prototype has put great pressure on the supercomputing community in the United States. Since 2013, China has not let the world's supercomputer rank first in the world. It has been occupied by China's tianhe-2 and Shenwei Taihu light. Since 2016, China has been occupying the top two supercomputers in the world. The United States has not tasted the world's first for six years, and it has been squeezed out of the top three. It was not until June 8 of this year that the United States successfully developed the summit computer that it was elated for a while. It won the first place in the world again in the evaluation in June, and won the throne again six years later. China's successful R & D of E and computer prototypes is tantamount to announcing that the United States can do it for up to two years on this throne. Class E computer means a computer with floating-point computing capacity of 10 billion times. At present, the floating-point speed of summit supercomputer in the United States is only 1.223 billion. In two years' time, China will be the number one supercomputer in the world with a speed of 10 times
musk participated in the world artificial intelligence conference online
in view of the development of AI chip, musk said that autopilot chip has promoted the development of AI chip. The reason why Tesla developed its own chips is that the chips with strong computing power on the market have high power consumption, while the chips with low power consumption have no computing power
currently, Tesla has developed Dojo training system, which can quickly process a large number of video data and improve the training of artificial intelligence system
in addition, in order to adapt to the different traffic conditions of various countries and regions including China, Tesla has started to set up an automatic driving engineering team in China
"what we need to do in China is to carry out a lot of original engineering development. Therefore, it is not a simple way to things from the United States directly to China, but to carry out original design and original engineering development in China. So if you think about work, please consider working in Tesla China. " Musk said in the video speech that day
conclusion: Dojo computer or assisted Tesla autopilot system evolves to 4D
Tesla is planning to upgrade its automatic driving computing system from the current 2.5D to 4D. p>
the so-called "4D" is simply to add time information on the basis of three-dimensional spatial information to form four-dimensional information, which is sent to the autopilot computer for calculation
at present, Tesla can only generate two-dimensional image data by using the camera. The automatic driving computer recognizes, classifies and labels the objects in the two-dimensional image, and finally forms "2.5" data for automatic driving calculation
compared with the previous three-dimensional information, the four-dimensional information is more abundant, which can make the perception, recognition and decision-making process of Tesla autopilot more accurate
Dojo computer can quickly process massive video data. From this point of view, it can also provide some help for Tesla to realize "4D evolution" of automatic driving system. p>
this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home
Supercomputer with strong computing power (referred to as supercomputing) is known as "Shensuan" and "the strongest brain". It is an important symbol of a country's scientific and technological development level and comprehensive national strength, and is a strategic commanding point for all countries in the world. With the development and maturity of supercomputing field in China, six supercomputing centers have been set up nationwide. This "strongest brain" is no longer mysterious, and it is more and more close to the life of the general public - accurate weather forecast, gene sequencing, searching for dark matter, studying gravitational waves, and even can be seen in motion picture special effects proction, automobile design and other instries
in the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries and regions, "supercomputing" is mainly used to solve scientific and engineering computing, and is open to national research groups. In China, supercomputer is a public application platform, which is not only used to solve scientific research problems, but also used in government affairs, public life and many instries. At present, "tianhe-2" has deployed more than 700 application software and tool software, and the total number of users has exceeded 2000, which is the largest number of users in the world
to deeply understand the difference and connection between the two concepts, we need to introce a concept: Moore's law
what is Moore's law< In 1956, Gordon Moore proposed Moore's Law:
when the price remains unchanged, the number of components that can be accommodated on the integrated circuit will double every 18-24 months, and the performance will also double. In other words, every dollar can buy computer performance, will more than double every 18-24 months. This law reveals the speed of information technology progress
this is Moore's law, which we are very familiar with
with the smaller and smaller transistors, the computer hardware capability is becoming stronger and stronger. Take the CPU as an example, the transistors in the CPU can be as small as 10nm. As shown in the figure below, under the development of Moore's law, the CPU transistor is becoming smaller and smaller:
the earliest transistors are very large, The figure below is the world's first transistor:
to be sure, the performance acceleration trajectory of the computer is the historical trajectory of the transistor becoming smaller. That is to say, only by making the transistor smaller, can we further obtain faster computer hardware operation performance< However, the problem is that Moore's law is the law of the macro world. If the transistor continues to shrink to the quantum state (smaller than the atom), Moore's law will fail
so everyone thought of quantum computer, but the first thing quantum computer should solve is the problem of stability, because quantum state represents instability, so quantum computer has not made a major breakthrough
but at present, Google and other giants have invested a lot of resources in the research and development of quantum computers, hoping that we can succeed before Moore's law fails
therefore, the emergence of quantum computer is actually used to solve Moore's law, which is about to fail<
the development of supercomputer is still under Moore's law
different from quantum computer, supercomputer frequently appears in the news, and it is also a real computer, not a virtual concept, such as the well-known "tianhe-2" and "Shenwei light of Taihu Lake"
although the computing speed of supercomputers is very fast, such as "tianhe-2" has reached 339 million times per second, and "Shenwei Taihu Lake light" has also reached 930 million times per second, supercomputers are still not fundamentally different from the computers we use, and their development still follows Moore's law
Where is the future of computer development
both supercomputers and our common computers will eventually stop developing after Moore's law fails
if we want to continue to obtain better and faster computer computing power, we must plan the future development road in advance, otherwise the development of human science and technology will be stagnant. Because of this, people all over the world are thinking about the future development road of computer<
at present, there are two ways to go:
1) quantum computer
at present, the major technology giants, including Google, are investing a lot of money in the research and development of quantum computer, hoping to take over our current development path of traditional computer after Moore's law fails
2) cloud computing
if quantum computer can't make a breakthrough for a long time, the more practical way is cloud computing
it is completely possible to achieve faster computing performance through cloud computing. The current cloud computing can achieve 10 trillion times of computing power, which is definitely far beyond the current supercomputer.
Among the 2.791 petaflop computing power of the global top 500, the computing power of IBM supercomputer exceeds 1.5 petaflop, which is more than three times of the total computing power of HP, the closest competitor to IBM. Moreover, among the top 10 supercomputers in the global top 500, IBM has four seats, and among the top 100 supercomputers, IBM also has 46 seats
Human beings are the only known species with advanced intelligence on the earth. With this unique advantage, it took us only a few million years (compared with the earth's 4.55 billion years of History) to completely get rid of the restrictions of natural selection and create a splendid civilization on the earth. With the development of science and technology, modern human beings can go to the sky and the sea, and even have human probes on Mars
{rrrrrrr}
this is the fact. What we are facing now is a lot of "life code" composed of a, G, t and C, but our cognition of it can only start from scratch. So for the study of life, we humans are still at a primary level. We have observed a lot of phenomena and accumulated a lot of data, but we have no way to summarize the perfect law. It is because of this that human beings can not even create the simplest cells
Of course, this should only be a temporary situation. I believe that with human intelligence, one day we will understand all the mysteries of life