How to calculate the stock power value
Publish: 2021-04-15 05:37:08
1.
The market value of a stock is the total value of the stock calculated according to the market price. For example, the total market value of a portfolio is the total market value of all the stocks calculated according to the price at a certain time. If the price of a, B, C, D is 1.5 yuan, 3 yuan, 6 yuan and 2 yuan respectively, the market value of the portfolio is 1.5 yuan × 1＋3 × 1＋6 × 1＋2 × 5 = 20.5 (yuan)
the total market value of a stock market is the sum of the market values of all stocks calculated according to the closing price of a certain day. For the convenience of later expression, it is agreed to express the market value of a portfolio at t in the form of function ft (a, B, C, D,..., N1, N2, N3, N4...), where a, B, C, D, etc. are the names of stocks, and N1, N2, N3, N4, etc. are the weights of selected stocks
stock market value is also called "stock market price", which is the trading price of the stock in the market. The market value of the stock is formed through the competition between the buyer and the seller in the stock market, which is the transaction price recognized by both the buyer and the seller. There are many factors that determine and influence the market value of the stock, such as the face value, net value, true value and market supply and demand
Generally speaking, the stock market value is based on the par value as the reference starting point, the net value and the true value of the stock as the basis, formed in the changes of market supply and demand. Among them, the stock value, the true value and the stock market value change in the same direction. If the net value and the true value rise, the stock market value will certainly increase; The relationship between market supply and demand mainly refers to the supply and demand of capital and the supply and demand of stock itselffor example, if the capital supply in the market is sufficient and the capital strength to buy stocks is strong, the stock market value will rise; On the contrary, if the supply of funds in the stock market is tight, the demand for funds increases, the capital strength of buying stocks becomes weak, and the number of people selling stocks increases, the market value of stocks will fall
2. Hello, the calculation method of stock valuation is as follows:
1. P / E ratio Valuation: P / E ratio = stock price ÷ Earnings per share, the valuation of stock price forecast generally uses dynamic P / E ratio< 2. Peg Valuation: PEG = P / E ratio ÷ In the next three years, the compound growth rate of net profit (earnings per share), PEG equal to 1 indicates that the stock valuation is appropriate, PEG less than 1 indicates that the stock is undervalued, PEG greater than 1 indicates that the stock may be overvalued< 3. Price to book ratio: price to book ratio = stock price ÷ The net assets per share in the latest period are mainly used for the valuation of enterprises with large net assets
4. Valuation of market value ratio: market value ratio = stock price per share / free cash flow per share. The higher the market value ratio is, the more the amount of cash per share of listed companies increases, indicating that the operating pressure of listed companies is relatively small
risk disclosure: this information does not constitute any investment proposal, investors should not use such information to replace their independent judgment or make decisions only based on such information, does not constitute any trading operation, and does not guarantee any income. If you operate by yourself, please pay attention to position control and risk control.
1. P / E ratio Valuation: P / E ratio = stock price ÷ Earnings per share, the valuation of stock price forecast generally uses dynamic P / E ratio< 2. Peg Valuation: PEG = P / E ratio ÷ In the next three years, the compound growth rate of net profit (earnings per share), PEG equal to 1 indicates that the stock valuation is appropriate, PEG less than 1 indicates that the stock is undervalued, PEG greater than 1 indicates that the stock may be overvalued< 3. Price to book ratio: price to book ratio = stock price ÷ The net assets per share in the latest period are mainly used for the valuation of enterprises with large net assets
4. Valuation of market value ratio: market value ratio = stock price per share / free cash flow per share. The higher the market value ratio is, the more the amount of cash per share of listed companies increases, indicating that the operating pressure of listed companies is relatively small
risk disclosure: this information does not constitute any investment proposal, investors should not use such information to replace their independent judgment or make decisions only based on such information, does not constitute any trading operation, and does not guarantee any income. If you operate by yourself, please pay attention to position control and risk control.
3. Net value, also known as the discounted value, refers to the balance of the original value or the full replacement value of fixed assets minus the accumulated depreciation. The calculation formula of net stock value is: total net stock value = company capital + statutory Provident Fund + capital Provident Fund + special Provident Fund + accumulated surplus - accumulated loss; The net value of a fund unit refers to the total net assets of the fund divided by the total shares of the fund. The calculation formula is: net value of fund unit = total net assets / fund share.
4. There are many methods for stock valuation, which are based on the expected return of investors, the profitability of enterprises or the value of assets of enterprises. The more commonly used methods are as follows:
1. Dividend benchmark model, which is to evaluate the value of stocks based on the dividend rate, is particularly useful for investors who want to obtain cash flow income from investment. The simplified formula can be used: stock price = expected dividend in the coming year / rate of return required by investors< Second, the most widely used earnings standard ratio for investors is the price earnings ratio (PE), whose formula is price earnings ratio = stock price / earnings per share. The use of P / E ratio has the following advantages: simple calculation, easy data collection, daily economic newspapers have relevant information, known as historical P / E ratio or static P / E ratio. However, it should be noted that in order to more accurately reflect the future trend of stock prices, we should use the expected P / E ratio, that is, substituting the expected return into the formula
investors should pay attention to that the P / E ratio is a relative index reflecting the market's expectation of the company's earnings. The use of P / E ratio index should start from two relative angles: one is the relative change of the company's expected P / E ratio and historical P / E ratio; the other is the comparison between the company's P / E ratio and the instry's average p / E ratio. If the P / E ratio of a company is higher than that of the previous year or the average p / E ratio of the instry, it indicates that the market expects the company's future earnings to rise; On the contrary, if the P / E ratio is lower than the instry average, it means that compared with the same instry, the market expects the company's future profit to decline. Therefore, the P / E ratio should be treated relatively. It is not that a high P / E ratio is bad, but a low P / E ratio is good. If a company's profit is expected to rise in the future, and its stock P / E ratio is lower than the instry average, the stock price has the opportunity to rise in the future< (3) market to book ratio (PB), that is, market to book ratio, whose formula is: market to book ratio = share price / net asset value per share. This ratio is the basis for estimating the stock price of a company from the perspective of the value of its assets. It is more appropriate to use the market to account ratio to analyze the valuation of the stock of an enterprise whose assets and liabilities are mostly composed of monetary assets, such as banks and insurance companies
in addition to the most commonly used valuation standards, there are cash discount ratio, price earnings ratio to earnings per share growth rate (PEG) as the valuation benchmark. Some investors prefer to use return on equity or return on assets to measure an enterprise.
1. Dividend benchmark model, which is to evaluate the value of stocks based on the dividend rate, is particularly useful for investors who want to obtain cash flow income from investment. The simplified formula can be used: stock price = expected dividend in the coming year / rate of return required by investors< Second, the most widely used earnings standard ratio for investors is the price earnings ratio (PE), whose formula is price earnings ratio = stock price / earnings per share. The use of P / E ratio has the following advantages: simple calculation, easy data collection, daily economic newspapers have relevant information, known as historical P / E ratio or static P / E ratio. However, it should be noted that in order to more accurately reflect the future trend of stock prices, we should use the expected P / E ratio, that is, substituting the expected return into the formula
investors should pay attention to that the P / E ratio is a relative index reflecting the market's expectation of the company's earnings. The use of P / E ratio index should start from two relative angles: one is the relative change of the company's expected P / E ratio and historical P / E ratio; the other is the comparison between the company's P / E ratio and the instry's average p / E ratio. If the P / E ratio of a company is higher than that of the previous year or the average p / E ratio of the instry, it indicates that the market expects the company's future earnings to rise; On the contrary, if the P / E ratio is lower than the instry average, it means that compared with the same instry, the market expects the company's future profit to decline. Therefore, the P / E ratio should be treated relatively. It is not that a high P / E ratio is bad, but a low P / E ratio is good. If a company's profit is expected to rise in the future, and its stock P / E ratio is lower than the instry average, the stock price has the opportunity to rise in the future< (3) market to book ratio (PB), that is, market to book ratio, whose formula is: market to book ratio = share price / net asset value per share. This ratio is the basis for estimating the stock price of a company from the perspective of the value of its assets. It is more appropriate to use the market to account ratio to analyze the valuation of the stock of an enterprise whose assets and liabilities are mostly composed of monetary assets, such as banks and insurance companies
in addition to the most commonly used valuation standards, there are cash discount ratio, price earnings ratio to earnings per share growth rate (PEG) as the valuation benchmark. Some investors prefer to use return on equity or return on assets to measure an enterprise.
5. The top or bottom of the market often constitutes resistance or support; The unfilled gap in the technical figure also forms an effective support or resistance level; Moving average also helps investors judge support and resistance
using psychological price to determine support and resistance level, for example, for the Shanghai stock index, some integer levels such as 3000, 4000 and 5000 will form psychological resistance or support level for investors. Market in the integer pass, generally will oscillate for a long time
judging from the gap: some gaps in jumping will also form resistance or support position
price Retreat: that is, the price fluctuation opposite to the current trend. For example, the market rose from 4000 points to 6000 points, then retreated to 5000 points, and then continued to attack. 5000 points is the "retreat" of the market, which also shows that the support of 5000 points is strong
early intensive trading area: if the market intensive trading area is above the current price, then the area will form resistance when the stock price rises, which is the so-called "hold up". On the contrary, if the current market price is above the historical intensive area, then the intensive area will form support when the stock price (or index) falls
technical indicators, such as boll, are very good pressure support indicators, which can be found in stock software. In addition, some forms of pressure / support are formed, such as the top edge of the ascending triangle, the neck line of the head and shoulder top, the upper and lower edges and the middle line of the passage, etc
application skills
in most cases, resistance level and support level are an interval, not an absolute point. Of course, this range should not be too large. Generally speaking, as long as the price fails to break through the resistance or support level effectively, the more times it touches, the more effective and important these resistance or support levels will be. If the significant resistance level is effectively broken, then the resistance level will turn into an important support level in the future; On the contrary, if the important support level is effectively broken down, then the price will become the resistance level of future stock price rise
we can slowly understand that there are no 100% successful tactics in the stock market, only reasonable analysis. Every method and skill has its application environment and the possibility of failure. Novice in the grasp of the case can not prevent the same as me with a bull treasure mobile phone stocks to follow the bull list of the bull to operate, so much more secure, I hope to help you, I wish you a happy investment in the year of the monkey!
using psychological price to determine support and resistance level, for example, for the Shanghai stock index, some integer levels such as 3000, 4000 and 5000 will form psychological resistance or support level for investors. Market in the integer pass, generally will oscillate for a long time
judging from the gap: some gaps in jumping will also form resistance or support position
price Retreat: that is, the price fluctuation opposite to the current trend. For example, the market rose from 4000 points to 6000 points, then retreated to 5000 points, and then continued to attack. 5000 points is the "retreat" of the market, which also shows that the support of 5000 points is strong
early intensive trading area: if the market intensive trading area is above the current price, then the area will form resistance when the stock price rises, which is the so-called "hold up". On the contrary, if the current market price is above the historical intensive area, then the intensive area will form support when the stock price (or index) falls
technical indicators, such as boll, are very good pressure support indicators, which can be found in stock software. In addition, some forms of pressure / support are formed, such as the top edge of the ascending triangle, the neck line of the head and shoulder top, the upper and lower edges and the middle line of the passage, etc
application skills
in most cases, resistance level and support level are an interval, not an absolute point. Of course, this range should not be too large. Generally speaking, as long as the price fails to break through the resistance or support level effectively, the more times it touches, the more effective and important these resistance or support levels will be. If the significant resistance level is effectively broken, then the resistance level will turn into an important support level in the future; On the contrary, if the important support level is effectively broken down, then the price will become the resistance level of future stock price rise
we can slowly understand that there are no 100% successful tactics in the stock market, only reasonable analysis. Every method and skill has its application environment and the possibility of failure. Novice in the grasp of the case can not prevent the same as me with a bull treasure mobile phone stocks to follow the bull list of the bull to operate, so much more secure, I hope to help you, I wish you a happy investment in the year of the monkey!
6. The stock market is always "one profit, two equalities and seven losses", many of which are difficult to get out; Buy a condom at a high position --- cut the meat at a low position or stick to it --- when you reach the top, you will have a strange circle of impulse to buy a condom at a high position
the stock market is a market with rules and no rules. Relatively speaking, every top may be the bottom, and every bottom may be the top
as a shareholder, the most difficult thing is to continuously ride the roller coaster from bottom to top. One of the weaknesses of retail investors is that they are afraid of having a small profit and can't effectively maximize the profit without blindly pursuing certainty. The primary goal of investment should be a fairly certain investment return result, rather than the shortest investment cycle
take the pursuit of steady income as the fundamental goal, don't be too much affected by short-term fluctuations, and don't take capturing daily ups and downs as your whole life process. We hope to establish a long-term cooperative relationship with our customers and become good cooperative partners with them. As for strength, you will know whether you can be satisfied only if you have cooperated with them! Of course, your integrity is also reflected in the cooperation
with our "capital information strength, your integrity = long-term cooperation"
our cooperation mode is as follows:
1. The information department will inform you to buy and sell by phone, and operate in strict accordance with our operation
2. Your capital, account and operation process are all controlled by you. The profit is about 5% - 20% in 2-8 trading time
3. After buying the stock, we will truthfully reply the position and price, so that we can record and analyze the selling points in a unified way to inform you of the shipment
4. Our company will not be responsible for any loss caused by false report
5. Help you make money first, then charge. One settlement at a time, and the next operation after settlement.
the stock market is a market with rules and no rules. Relatively speaking, every top may be the bottom, and every bottom may be the top
as a shareholder, the most difficult thing is to continuously ride the roller coaster from bottom to top. One of the weaknesses of retail investors is that they are afraid of having a small profit and can't effectively maximize the profit without blindly pursuing certainty. The primary goal of investment should be a fairly certain investment return result, rather than the shortest investment cycle
take the pursuit of steady income as the fundamental goal, don't be too much affected by short-term fluctuations, and don't take capturing daily ups and downs as your whole life process. We hope to establish a long-term cooperative relationship with our customers and become good cooperative partners with them. As for strength, you will know whether you can be satisfied only if you have cooperated with them! Of course, your integrity is also reflected in the cooperation
with our "capital information strength, your integrity = long-term cooperation"
our cooperation mode is as follows:
1. The information department will inform you to buy and sell by phone, and operate in strict accordance with our operation
2. Your capital, account and operation process are all controlled by you. The profit is about 5% - 20% in 2-8 trading time
3. After buying the stock, we will truthfully reply the position and price, so that we can record and analyze the selling points in a unified way to inform you of the shipment
4. Our company will not be responsible for any loss caused by false report
5. Help you make money first, then charge. One settlement at a time, and the next operation after settlement.
7. Market value refers to the market value of a stock. It can also be said to be the total value calculated from the market price of a stock. It includes the issue price and the trading price of a stock.
8. Hello, the stock index (e.g., Nasdaq 100 index, S & P 500 index, FTSE 100 index, CAC 40 index, etc.) is a financial market based on at least a few (usually many) basic stocks (e.g., XYZ company, etc.). Although the stock index itself is an independent financial market, the value of the stock index is calculated using the price of the underlying stock, but not always (usually not read) using the most direct (or obvious) calculation
direct and indirect stock index calculation
as an example of direct stock index calculation, a stock index may contain 25 basic stocks whose prices can be simply added together (for example, stock price # 1 + stock price # 2 +... = price stock index) to calculate the price of the stock index
as an example of indirect stock index calculation (more likely), a stock index may contain 25 underlying stocks, the prices of which are added together, and then divided by 25 (number of underlying stocks), the result is multiplied by the average trading volume of each underlying stock (i.e. the financial value of each stock transaction), and then added together to create the trading turnover weighted price of the stock index
calculation method of stock index
1. Relative method, also known as average method, is to calculate the stock index of each sample first. Add it up to find the arithmetic mean of the total. The calculation formula is:
stock index = the sum of n sample stock indexes / n this method is used in the common stock index of the economist in the UK
2. Comprehensive method
the comprehensive method is to sum up the prices of the sample stocks in the base period and the report period respectively, and then calculate the stock index by comparison. That is:
stock index = the sum of the stock prices in the reporting period / the sum of the stock prices in the base period
by substituting the figure,
stock index = (8 + 12 + 14 + 18) / (5 + 8 + 10 + 15) = 52 / 38 = 136.8%
that is, the stock price in the reporting period has increased by 36.8% compared with the base period
from the point of view of the average method and the comprehensive method to calculate the stock index, they do not take into account the factors such as the different issuance and trading volume of various sampling stocks, and the different impact on the stock price of the whole stock market, so the calculated index is not accurate enough. In order to calculate the stock index accurately, we need to add the weight, which can be the trading volume or the circulation volume
3. Weighted method
weighted stock index is weighted according to the relative importance of sample stocks in each period, and its weight can be the number of shares traded, stock issuance, etc. Divided by time, the weight can be the weight of the base period or the weight of the reporting period. The index weighted by the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period is called lasr index; An index weighted by the number of shares traded (or issued) in the reporting period is called paixu index. The Fisher ideal of geometric weighted stock index is obtained by geometric average of lasbel index and Paish index
the lasr index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period, while the paixu index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the reporting period. At present, most stock indexes in the world are paixu index
the following four points are often considered when calculating the average stock price or index:
(1) the sample stock must be typical and common. Therefore, the instry distribution, market influence, stock grade, appropriate number and other factors should be comprehensively considered when selecting the sample
(2) the calculation method should be highly adaptable, and can adjust or revise the stock price index accordingly to the changing stock market, so as to make the stock index or average more sensitive
(3) scientific calculation basis and means should be provided. The calculation basis must be unified. Generally, the closing price is used as the calculation basis. However, with the increase of calculation frequency, some are calculated at hourly price or even shorter time price< (4) the base period should be well balanced and representative
risk disclosure: this information does not constitute any investment proposal, investors should not use such information to replace their independent judgment or make decisions only based on such information, does not constitute any trading operation, and does not guarantee any income. If you operate by yourself, please pay attention to position control and risk control.
direct and indirect stock index calculation
as an example of direct stock index calculation, a stock index may contain 25 basic stocks whose prices can be simply added together (for example, stock price # 1 + stock price # 2 +... = price stock index) to calculate the price of the stock index
as an example of indirect stock index calculation (more likely), a stock index may contain 25 underlying stocks, the prices of which are added together, and then divided by 25 (number of underlying stocks), the result is multiplied by the average trading volume of each underlying stock (i.e. the financial value of each stock transaction), and then added together to create the trading turnover weighted price of the stock index
calculation method of stock index
1. Relative method, also known as average method, is to calculate the stock index of each sample first. Add it up to find the arithmetic mean of the total. The calculation formula is:
stock index = the sum of n sample stock indexes / n this method is used in the common stock index of the economist in the UK
2. Comprehensive method
the comprehensive method is to sum up the prices of the sample stocks in the base period and the report period respectively, and then calculate the stock index by comparison. That is:
stock index = the sum of the stock prices in the reporting period / the sum of the stock prices in the base period
by substituting the figure,
stock index = (8 + 12 + 14 + 18) / (5 + 8 + 10 + 15) = 52 / 38 = 136.8%
that is, the stock price in the reporting period has increased by 36.8% compared with the base period
from the point of view of the average method and the comprehensive method to calculate the stock index, they do not take into account the factors such as the different issuance and trading volume of various sampling stocks, and the different impact on the stock price of the whole stock market, so the calculated index is not accurate enough. In order to calculate the stock index accurately, we need to add the weight, which can be the trading volume or the circulation volume
3. Weighted method
weighted stock index is weighted according to the relative importance of sample stocks in each period, and its weight can be the number of shares traded, stock issuance, etc. Divided by time, the weight can be the weight of the base period or the weight of the reporting period. The index weighted by the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period is called lasr index; An index weighted by the number of shares traded (or issued) in the reporting period is called paixu index. The Fisher ideal of geometric weighted stock index is obtained by geometric average of lasbel index and Paish index
the lasr index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the base period, while the paixu index focuses on the number of shares (or circulation) traded in the reporting period. At present, most stock indexes in the world are paixu index
the following four points are often considered when calculating the average stock price or index:
(1) the sample stock must be typical and common. Therefore, the instry distribution, market influence, stock grade, appropriate number and other factors should be comprehensively considered when selecting the sample
(2) the calculation method should be highly adaptable, and can adjust or revise the stock price index accordingly to the changing stock market, so as to make the stock index or average more sensitive
(3) scientific calculation basis and means should be provided. The calculation basis must be unified. Generally, the closing price is used as the calculation basis. However, with the increase of calculation frequency, some are calculated at hourly price or even shorter time price< (4) the base period should be well balanced and representative
risk disclosure: this information does not constitute any investment proposal, investors should not use such information to replace their independent judgment or make decisions only based on such information, does not constitute any trading operation, and does not guarantee any income. If you operate by yourself, please pay attention to position control and risk control.
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