Decentralization of logic thinking
Publish: 2021-04-15 15:03:12
1. Parents' first EQ class, the baby's cognition of the surrounding is self-learning ability, but parents' planned interaction is the best ecation at this time
please describe all kinds of emotions and emotions of the baby itself and other people in the environment with words
start from simple: happy, sad, afraid, calm, angry
then further understand the advanced emotions accurately: sadness, fear, friendly
finally, to some higher emotions: embarrassment, withdrawal, Anger, etc.
remember not to think that children are born with a lot of knowledge. The baby can judge and analyze self-learning either from family ecation or from TV and other social ecation
distraction is the best intervention method
children aged 2-3 have incomplete cognitive system, and the best way is to divert their attention when their emotions are out of control. Use other more attractive things to save the child from the boring and noisy mood
remember: don't be angry with your child, and reason with your child, it's all the performance of parents with low EQ
how to & quot; Egocentrism & quot; It is the main task of the baby at this stage
(tapping the blackboard, which is the source of future EQ)
let the child know & quot; You & quot& quot; I & quot& quot; He & quot; There are also differences between & quot; Your & quot& quot; My & quot& quot; His & quot; The difference
can start with sharing:
for example, a beautiful little sister came to the family, and the baby was very happy, and took a small apple to give to her sister.
many parents may immediately criticize their children for doing wrong or even for being selfish in the face of this situation
it's only after decades of life that I have accumulated my right and wrong ideas. How can I ask a two or three-year-old child to have the same right and wrong ideas as myself
what can we do
baby: if someone gives you an apple, do you want a big one or a small one
he replied without thinking: big
Yes, you see, you want to get a big one. Do you think Miss would like to receive a big one or a small one
he thought about it and replied, "big one
are you happy if someone gives you a little apple
the baby thinks: not happy
do you think little sister will be happy to receive the apple you gave him
the baby shakes his head thoughtfully: unhappy
do you want your little sister to be happy or unhappy
baby: I hope my little sister is happy
do you think you should give the teacher a big apple or a small one
baby: Big Apple
when I have similar conflicts, please describe the thoughts, feelings and expectations of people from different positions and angles as comprehensively as possible, so that the baby can realize that different people will have different thoughts, feelings and expectations from an early age
this kind of & quot; Decentralization & quot; Thinking training will be the foundation of EQ in the future
please describe all kinds of emotions and emotions of the baby itself and other people in the environment with words
start from simple: happy, sad, afraid, calm, angry
then further understand the advanced emotions accurately: sadness, fear, friendly
finally, to some higher emotions: embarrassment, withdrawal, Anger, etc.
remember not to think that children are born with a lot of knowledge. The baby can judge and analyze self-learning either from family ecation or from TV and other social ecation
distraction is the best intervention method
children aged 2-3 have incomplete cognitive system, and the best way is to divert their attention when their emotions are out of control. Use other more attractive things to save the child from the boring and noisy mood
remember: don't be angry with your child, and reason with your child, it's all the performance of parents with low EQ
how to & quot; Egocentrism & quot; It is the main task of the baby at this stage
(tapping the blackboard, which is the source of future EQ)
let the child know & quot; You & quot& quot; I & quot& quot; He & quot; There are also differences between & quot; Your & quot& quot; My & quot& quot; His & quot; The difference
can start with sharing:
for example, a beautiful little sister came to the family, and the baby was very happy, and took a small apple to give to her sister.
many parents may immediately criticize their children for doing wrong or even for being selfish in the face of this situation
it's only after decades of life that I have accumulated my right and wrong ideas. How can I ask a two or three-year-old child to have the same right and wrong ideas as myself
what can we do
baby: if someone gives you an apple, do you want a big one or a small one
he replied without thinking: big
Yes, you see, you want to get a big one. Do you think Miss would like to receive a big one or a small one
he thought about it and replied, "big one
are you happy if someone gives you a little apple
the baby thinks: not happy
do you think little sister will be happy to receive the apple you gave him
the baby shakes his head thoughtfully: unhappy
do you want your little sister to be happy or unhappy
baby: I hope my little sister is happy
do you think you should give the teacher a big apple or a small one
baby: Big Apple
when I have similar conflicts, please describe the thoughts, feelings and expectations of people from different positions and angles as comprehensively as possible, so that the baby can realize that different people will have different thoughts, feelings and expectations from an early age
this kind of & quot; Decentralization & quot; Thinking training will be the foundation of EQ in the future
2. The greatest value of logical thinking is to amuse and pass the time. You can also watch it when you are running. It takes a long time to play a game. You can pass the time when you do repetitive actions, and you can sort out the data
the best way to edit thinking is to write historical stories, which are also books written by others. For example, they quoted Mr. Zhang Hongjie's books many times, and even copied the tone and rhetoric, with almost no originality. But we define this program as a program to kill time. It's enough to listen to other people's stories. So it's acceptable
Wang Anshi's political reform is a social reform movement launched by Wang Anshi in the period of emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty to change the situation of poverty and weakness since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the Northern Song Dynasty. The reform began in the second year of Xining (1069) and ended with the death of song Shenzong in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), so it is also called Xining reform and Xifeng reform
Wang Anshi's reform aimed at developing proction, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and rescuing the political crisis of the Song Dynasty. It focused on "managing money" and "reorganizing the army", involving politics, economy, military, society, and culture. It was another large-scale social reform movement following Shang Yang's reform in ancient Chinese history. To a certain extent, the reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, enriched the government finance, increased the national defense strength, and cracked down on and restricted the illegal profit-making of the feudal landlord class and big businessmen. However, in the process of carrying out the reform, the interests of the common people were damaged to varying degrees e to the inappropriate measures and the bad operation in the actual implementation (such as the horse protection law and the young seedling law). In addition, the new law touched the fundamental interests of the big landlord class, so it was strongly opposed by them. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), it ended with the death of song Shenzong.
the best way to edit thinking is to write historical stories, which are also books written by others. For example, they quoted Mr. Zhang Hongjie's books many times, and even copied the tone and rhetoric, with almost no originality. But we define this program as a program to kill time. It's enough to listen to other people's stories. So it's acceptable
Wang Anshi's political reform is a social reform movement launched by Wang Anshi in the period of emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty to change the situation of poverty and weakness since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the Northern Song Dynasty. The reform began in the second year of Xining (1069) and ended with the death of song Shenzong in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), so it is also called Xining reform and Xifeng reform
Wang Anshi's reform aimed at developing proction, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and rescuing the political crisis of the Song Dynasty. It focused on "managing money" and "reorganizing the army", involving politics, economy, military, society, and culture. It was another large-scale social reform movement following Shang Yang's reform in ancient Chinese history. To a certain extent, the reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, enriched the government finance, increased the national defense strength, and cracked down on and restricted the illegal profit-making of the feudal landlord class and big businessmen. However, in the process of carrying out the reform, the interests of the common people were damaged to varying degrees e to the inappropriate measures and the bad operation in the actual implementation (such as the horse protection law and the young seedling law). In addition, the new law touched the fundamental interests of the big landlord class, so it was strongly opposed by them. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), it ended with the death of song Shenzong.
3.
The concepts of knowledge payment, content payment, content service provider, content e-commerce and so on are flying all over the world, the tuyere of knowledge payment has appeared, and talents with knowledge and expression have become scarce goods. the popularity of knowledge network needs mainstream channels to expand its influence, so Mr. Luo Zhenyu began to make a new year's speech to export his knowledge into a "commodity"
1. The rise of knowledge payment
the concept of knowledge payment was formally proposed by Ji shisan, the founder of nutshell. However, since 2013, Luo Zhenyu tried to launch paid members in logic thinking, which was regarded as the sprout of knowledge payment by people in the instry, and the whole instry began to develop from 2014 to 2015
until the first half of 2016, with the advent of paid voice procts, Wang Sicong's blessing and Luo Zhenyu's online, the whole instry was ignited. In 2017, knowledge payment is a big year for the whole instry
1. Luo Zhenyu was born in Wuhu, Anhui Province in January 1973; Ecation background: Bachelor degree, Journalism Department of Huazhong University of science and technology, grade 90; Master, Department of television, Beijing Broadcasting University (now Communication University of China); Doctor, Communication University of ChinaLUO Zhenyu is the founder of the app and the keynote speaker of logic thinking The speaker of the new year's speech "Friends of time" and the speaker of the program "knowledge is power"
2. Personal important events timeline
in 2008, he resigned from CCTV and became a freelancer. He was the procer of CCTV's economic and law and dialogue columns; As the host of TV programs such as "decisive battle mall", "Chinese operator" and "pilot"; Chief planner of the first financial channel
at the end of 2012, we began to build the knowledge talk show "logic thinking". Within half a year, it has grown from an Internet we media video proct to a brand new Internet community brand. More than 1 billion people have played on Youku, Himalaya and other platforms
at the end of 2015, Luo Zhenyu held the first "Friends of time" New Year speech, which created a new paradigm of "knowledge new year". Every year on the evening of December 31, Luo Zhenyu will share with the audience the trend observation and learning harvest of the past year in a four hour New Year's speech
in May 2016, Luo Zhenyu launched the knowledge service app as the founder
since July 27, 2018, Luo Zhenyu has been the speaker of the knowledge talk show "knowledge is power" launched by Jiangsu Satellite TV and app
on October 29, 2019, the sixth season of "wonderful flowers" was announced to be fixed, and the first program was launched on October 31, with Luo Zhenyu as the tutor
4. Why can't I open my world 1.6.2? I installed Java. You don't have mod installed
5. The difference lies in different users, different procts and different service concepts.
6. Ha ha
I just saw a short passage by Russell, which can answer your question. Please read it carefully for 5 minutes:
Russell
it is a common human disease to have all kinds of stupid ideas. It doesn't take superhuman genius to avoid this common disease. The following simple principles, though not guaranteed that you will not make any mistakes, can guarantee that you will avoid some ridiculous mistakes. If a problem can be solved by observation, please observe it yourself
Aristotle mistakenly believed that women have fewer teeth than men. He could have avoided such a mistake, and the method was very simple. All he had to do was ask his wife to open her mouth and count. But he didn't because he was self righteous. They think they know, but they don't know; This is a fatal mistake that all of us are prone to make. I think hedgehogs are good at eating oil insects. The reason is that I have heard people say so; But if I really want to write a book about the habits of hedgehogs, I should not jump to the conclusion, unless I personally see a hedgehog enjoying this delicious meal. However, Aristotle was not careful enough
the ancient and medieval writers talked about the unicorn and the fire snake wisely; But none of them felt that since they had never seen any Unicorn or fire snake, they must avoid arbitrariness. Many things are not so easy to test with experience. If, like most people, you have a strong opinion on many of these things, there are also ways to help you recognize your bias. If you get angry as soon as you hear a different opinion, it shows that you have subconsciously felt that there is no good reason for your opinion. If someone insists that two plus two equals five, or that Iceland is at the equator, you will feel pity rather than anger, unless you are so ignorant of mathematics and geography that his opinion has shaken your opposite opinion. The most heated debates are about those issues on which neither side can provide sufficient evidence. Persecution can be seen in the field of theology, but not in the field of mathematics, because mathematical problems are problems of knowledge, while theological problems are only problems of opinion
therefore, whenever you find yourself angry about different opinions, you should be careful, because once checked, you will probably find that there is not enough evidence for your beliefs. A good way to get rid of some arbitrary opinions is to try to understand the opinions of people who are different from your social circle. I think it's good for weakening the intensity of narrow prejudice. If you can't travel, try to socialize with people with different opinions, or read a newspaper with different political opinions. If these people and this kind of newspaper are crazy, perverse and even hateful to you, then you should not forget that you are the same to others. Both sides may be right, but not wrong. If you think about it this way, you should be more cautious. Some people are full of mental imagination. A good way for these people is to imagine that they are debating with a person with different prejudices. This has one (and only one) advantage compared with the debate on the ground and on the enemy, that is, this method is not limited by time and space
Mahatma Gandhi deeply regretted the railways, ships and machines. In his opinion, the whole instrial revolution was impossible. Maybe you will never have a chance to meet someone who has such an idea, because most people in western countries take the advantages of modern technology for granted. But if you really want to agree that this popular view is correct, then a good way is to imagine Gandhi's arguments for refuting the various advantages of modern technology, so as to test your own arguments. Sometimes, because of this kind of imaginary dialogue, I really changed my original view; Even if we don't change our original view, we often become less self righteous because we realize that the imaginary adversary may be reasonable. Be especially wary of opinions that encourage your arrogance. Both men and women believe that men and women are particularly superior. There's a lot of evidence on both sides. If you are male, you can point out that most poets and scientists are male; And if you're a woman, you can use the fact that most criminals are men. This problem can not be solved at all, but self-esteem makes most people fail to see it. No matter which country we belong to in the world, we all think that our own nation is superior to all other nations. Since each nation has its own unique strengths and weaknesses, we should adjust our own standards of value in order to prove that our nation's strengths are really important strengths, while its weaknesses are relatively insignificant. On this issue, a reasonable person will certainly admit that there is no obvious right answer. Since we can't argue with the wise people beyond human beings, it's even more difficult to deal with the problem of human arrogance. As far as I know, the only way to deal with this common problem of human arrogance is to always remind yourself that in the life history of a small planet in a small corner of the universe, human beings are only a short episode, and there may be some creatures in other parts of the universe, They are as superior to us as we are to jellyfish
prompt. 1、 This article tells people how to make less mistakes from the perspective of thinking method, which is a rigorous and popular reasoning article“ "Stupid insight" is not only a wrong insight, but also a kind of wrong insight that should not appear - ridiculous mistakes. However, "it's a common human disease to have all kinds of stupid opinions.". This points out the importance and urgency of solving such problems. To avoid stupid insight, we must first find out the cause of such stupidity. The article holds that self righteousness and self conceit are the main reasons for the formation of this "common disease" of human beings. As a result of self righteousness, some problems that were not difficult to understand were common sense mistakes because they were not studied in depth. As a result of arrogance, the position of indivials or groups will be involved in the judgment of reason, and then they will fall into the misunderstanding of egocentrism, gender centrism, ethnocentrism and even anthropocentrism. It is inevitable to have stupid opinions when they understand themselves and the objective world with pride and prejudice. This paper expounds the methods to avoid stupid opinions from three aspects. The first level is scientific attitude. Problems that can be solved by observation can be tested by experience; What cannot be tested by experience must have sufficient evidence. The second level is to listen to different opinions. In addition to the meaning of "listening is understanding", the author also puts forward "mental imagination" and uses "imaginary enemies" to refute himself in order to prevent self righteousness. The third level clarifies the complexity and uncertainty of the objective world. Some problems "can't be solved at all" and some problems "have no obvious and correct answers". Therefore, only by adopting a modest and prudent attitude can we overcome self conceit; The fundamental way to overcome hubris is to set up the basic idea of "the universe is infinite, but people's understanding is very limited"
Second, the logic of this paper is clear, the writing is wordy, and the discussion is thorough and rigorous. The author talks with the readers about a big topic of philosophical epistemology in easy to understand language, especially using the second person "you" which is rarely used in general articles from the beginning to the end, and introcing the life experience of "I" as the basis of the discussion, so that the article forms the expression style of face-to-face conversation between "you" and "I", which proces a kind, friendly and harmonious atmosphere Appropriate effect. It also uses a lot of sentences beginning with "if" and some euphemistic virtual words such as "maybe", "maybe" and "Imagine", reflecting the author's cautious style and modest attitude, which is also the embodiment of his own views< Third, Russell, a famous British philosopher, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950 and author of the history of western philosophy. It's not clear what drove the great philosopher to write this article. But it's quite rewarding for us to read this article. I always feel superficially that a good article is one that can resonate with readers and inspire them to think. Good articles are always new. Russell believes that "it is a common disease of human beings to have all kinds of stupid opinions". The reason is that human beings are self righteous and arrogant“ It's a fatal mistake for all of us to think we know, but actually we don't know How to avoid these "ridiculous mistakes"? He gave several principles: first, scientific cognitive attitude; Second, listen to different voices; Third, we should be aware of the infinity of the universe and the insignificance of ourselves“ If you get angry as soon as you hear a different opinion, it shows that you have subconsciously felt that there is no good reason for your felling. If someone insists that two plus two equals five, or that Iceland is at the equator, you will feel pity rather than anger, unless you are so ignorant of mathematics and geography that his opinion has shaken your opposite opinion. The most heated debates are about those issues on which neither side can proce sufficient evidence. " To avoid arbitrariness and narrow prejudice, "a good way is to imagine ourselves debating with the same person with different prejudices." In my opinion, this is the so-called transposition thinking! Russell said, "in my opinion, the only way to deal with this common problem of human arrogance is to remind ourselves that in the life history of a small planet in a small corner of the universe, human beings are just a short episode, and there are some creatures in other parts of the universe, They are as superior to us as we are to jellyfish. " Avoid anger when truth needs to be argued.
I just saw a short passage by Russell, which can answer your question. Please read it carefully for 5 minutes:
Russell
it is a common human disease to have all kinds of stupid ideas. It doesn't take superhuman genius to avoid this common disease. The following simple principles, though not guaranteed that you will not make any mistakes, can guarantee that you will avoid some ridiculous mistakes. If a problem can be solved by observation, please observe it yourself
Aristotle mistakenly believed that women have fewer teeth than men. He could have avoided such a mistake, and the method was very simple. All he had to do was ask his wife to open her mouth and count. But he didn't because he was self righteous. They think they know, but they don't know; This is a fatal mistake that all of us are prone to make. I think hedgehogs are good at eating oil insects. The reason is that I have heard people say so; But if I really want to write a book about the habits of hedgehogs, I should not jump to the conclusion, unless I personally see a hedgehog enjoying this delicious meal. However, Aristotle was not careful enough
the ancient and medieval writers talked about the unicorn and the fire snake wisely; But none of them felt that since they had never seen any Unicorn or fire snake, they must avoid arbitrariness. Many things are not so easy to test with experience. If, like most people, you have a strong opinion on many of these things, there are also ways to help you recognize your bias. If you get angry as soon as you hear a different opinion, it shows that you have subconsciously felt that there is no good reason for your opinion. If someone insists that two plus two equals five, or that Iceland is at the equator, you will feel pity rather than anger, unless you are so ignorant of mathematics and geography that his opinion has shaken your opposite opinion. The most heated debates are about those issues on which neither side can provide sufficient evidence. Persecution can be seen in the field of theology, but not in the field of mathematics, because mathematical problems are problems of knowledge, while theological problems are only problems of opinion
therefore, whenever you find yourself angry about different opinions, you should be careful, because once checked, you will probably find that there is not enough evidence for your beliefs. A good way to get rid of some arbitrary opinions is to try to understand the opinions of people who are different from your social circle. I think it's good for weakening the intensity of narrow prejudice. If you can't travel, try to socialize with people with different opinions, or read a newspaper with different political opinions. If these people and this kind of newspaper are crazy, perverse and even hateful to you, then you should not forget that you are the same to others. Both sides may be right, but not wrong. If you think about it this way, you should be more cautious. Some people are full of mental imagination. A good way for these people is to imagine that they are debating with a person with different prejudices. This has one (and only one) advantage compared with the debate on the ground and on the enemy, that is, this method is not limited by time and space
Mahatma Gandhi deeply regretted the railways, ships and machines. In his opinion, the whole instrial revolution was impossible. Maybe you will never have a chance to meet someone who has such an idea, because most people in western countries take the advantages of modern technology for granted. But if you really want to agree that this popular view is correct, then a good way is to imagine Gandhi's arguments for refuting the various advantages of modern technology, so as to test your own arguments. Sometimes, because of this kind of imaginary dialogue, I really changed my original view; Even if we don't change our original view, we often become less self righteous because we realize that the imaginary adversary may be reasonable. Be especially wary of opinions that encourage your arrogance. Both men and women believe that men and women are particularly superior. There's a lot of evidence on both sides. If you are male, you can point out that most poets and scientists are male; And if you're a woman, you can use the fact that most criminals are men. This problem can not be solved at all, but self-esteem makes most people fail to see it. No matter which country we belong to in the world, we all think that our own nation is superior to all other nations. Since each nation has its own unique strengths and weaknesses, we should adjust our own standards of value in order to prove that our nation's strengths are really important strengths, while its weaknesses are relatively insignificant. On this issue, a reasonable person will certainly admit that there is no obvious right answer. Since we can't argue with the wise people beyond human beings, it's even more difficult to deal with the problem of human arrogance. As far as I know, the only way to deal with this common problem of human arrogance is to always remind yourself that in the life history of a small planet in a small corner of the universe, human beings are only a short episode, and there may be some creatures in other parts of the universe, They are as superior to us as we are to jellyfish
prompt. 1、 This article tells people how to make less mistakes from the perspective of thinking method, which is a rigorous and popular reasoning article“ "Stupid insight" is not only a wrong insight, but also a kind of wrong insight that should not appear - ridiculous mistakes. However, "it's a common human disease to have all kinds of stupid opinions.". This points out the importance and urgency of solving such problems. To avoid stupid insight, we must first find out the cause of such stupidity. The article holds that self righteousness and self conceit are the main reasons for the formation of this "common disease" of human beings. As a result of self righteousness, some problems that were not difficult to understand were common sense mistakes because they were not studied in depth. As a result of arrogance, the position of indivials or groups will be involved in the judgment of reason, and then they will fall into the misunderstanding of egocentrism, gender centrism, ethnocentrism and even anthropocentrism. It is inevitable to have stupid opinions when they understand themselves and the objective world with pride and prejudice. This paper expounds the methods to avoid stupid opinions from three aspects. The first level is scientific attitude. Problems that can be solved by observation can be tested by experience; What cannot be tested by experience must have sufficient evidence. The second level is to listen to different opinions. In addition to the meaning of "listening is understanding", the author also puts forward "mental imagination" and uses "imaginary enemies" to refute himself in order to prevent self righteousness. The third level clarifies the complexity and uncertainty of the objective world. Some problems "can't be solved at all" and some problems "have no obvious and correct answers". Therefore, only by adopting a modest and prudent attitude can we overcome self conceit; The fundamental way to overcome hubris is to set up the basic idea of "the universe is infinite, but people's understanding is very limited"
Second, the logic of this paper is clear, the writing is wordy, and the discussion is thorough and rigorous. The author talks with the readers about a big topic of philosophical epistemology in easy to understand language, especially using the second person "you" which is rarely used in general articles from the beginning to the end, and introcing the life experience of "I" as the basis of the discussion, so that the article forms the expression style of face-to-face conversation between "you" and "I", which proces a kind, friendly and harmonious atmosphere Appropriate effect. It also uses a lot of sentences beginning with "if" and some euphemistic virtual words such as "maybe", "maybe" and "Imagine", reflecting the author's cautious style and modest attitude, which is also the embodiment of his own views< Third, Russell, a famous British philosopher, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950 and author of the history of western philosophy. It's not clear what drove the great philosopher to write this article. But it's quite rewarding for us to read this article. I always feel superficially that a good article is one that can resonate with readers and inspire them to think. Good articles are always new. Russell believes that "it is a common disease of human beings to have all kinds of stupid opinions". The reason is that human beings are self righteous and arrogant“ It's a fatal mistake for all of us to think we know, but actually we don't know How to avoid these "ridiculous mistakes"? He gave several principles: first, scientific cognitive attitude; Second, listen to different voices; Third, we should be aware of the infinity of the universe and the insignificance of ourselves“ If you get angry as soon as you hear a different opinion, it shows that you have subconsciously felt that there is no good reason for your felling. If someone insists that two plus two equals five, or that Iceland is at the equator, you will feel pity rather than anger, unless you are so ignorant of mathematics and geography that his opinion has shaken your opposite opinion. The most heated debates are about those issues on which neither side can proce sufficient evidence. " To avoid arbitrariness and narrow prejudice, "a good way is to imagine ourselves debating with the same person with different prejudices." In my opinion, this is the so-called transposition thinking! Russell said, "in my opinion, the only way to deal with this common problem of human arrogance is to remind ourselves that in the life history of a small planet in a small corner of the universe, human beings are just a short episode, and there are some creatures in other parts of the universe, They are as superior to us as we are to jellyfish. " Avoid anger when truth needs to be argued.
7.
In the text lexicon in the field of science and technology, "decentralization" is a high-frequency word. Big men like to say it and the media like to use it. It seems that it's more or less a cliche, and it's hard to see its deep meaning. Some time ago, when I went to a press conference, I suddenly saw that the CEO of logic thinking couldn't take off a sentence from the PPT, and felt that this might be the best interpretation of "decentralization" in the dimension of the Internet, that is: "everyone's court is rising "
in fact, the word" Palace "undoubtedly captures some essence. Today, let's talk about" decentralization "and what it is in a more macro dimension
intuitively, since the birth of the Internet, it has been a process of continuously depositing power to indivials, and everything only serves "me", especially in the mobile era, where everyone is placed in the center of the world. Undoubtedly, the best visual case is the mobile map. Just as the writer Nick bilton said in "flipped world," you move in any direction on the street, No matter which direction, the whole picture will move with your location, which is a major change. In the paper world, maps and locations are based on places or landmarks, not where you are. From now on, you are the starting point. The digital world follows you, not you follow it. "
As you know, the well-being of capital and technology is benefiting everyone. "When people become the center of the world, everyone becomes a" king. ". Our generation of entrepreneurs want to build a grand palace for the king. " When an ordinary person living in a big city can dispatch hundreds of drivers, chefs, and even storytellers at any time, the Commission has built private stables, imperial dining rooms, and imperial academies at extremely low cost - sometimes even the dilemma is quite similar to that of a king. For example, in terms of information acquisition, when the private reading compiled by big data replaces the "appropriate content" thought by traditional editors, Everyone will fall into the information cocoon room that sanstein said in his "information Utopia" to some extent, so that there is less "harsh" words Well, it's not difficult to understand that "all instries are service instries". What's really surprising is that the way of resource allocation and aggregation has largely shifted from the authority, the will of the state, and even capital to each specific person. Forget who said that the 19th century belongs to the Empire, the 20th century belongs to the big company, so the 21st century undoubtedly belongs to the indivial - just like the little blue dot on the mobile phone map that moves with you, you don't have to take a specific landmark as the center, whether it's the serving "kings" or the dignified entrepreneurs, you just need to stand in the same place and shout "I want" if someone responds, Then it will be surrounded by resources In fact, the reversal of resources is an inevitable result of full cooperation between people. Common sense is that the prosperity of modern society is closely related to the continuous promotion of cooperation and refinement by human beings. Naturally, the result of refinement is to weave an increasingly interdependent network, and this network is destined to continuously enlarge the value of a single point in the process of evolution, resulting in the birth of the so-called "King"so the meaning of "decentralization" emerges: e to the decentralization of "center" (the latest good example is the return of bitcoin), any field can weave a huge net from bottom to top, and its ultimate goal is to restore the whole picture from near to far
like bitcoin, it turns trust in power into a mathematical problem; In my opinion, from the perspective of any node, taking it as the center, splicing and restoring it into a network world from near to far is a fascinating structure, because it occurs in any field. The main idea of the last Ted speech is that for a long time, human beings used to describe different cognitive systems in a top-down tree structure: species map, knowledge system, legal system, organizational structure, etc. as a visual symbol emphasizing symmetry, it may be caused by the natural status. The tree structure intuitively reveals human's infatuation with order and inction. Of course, this is a kind of illusion that "everything is under control". Different centers are reced to a network structure, which may be closer to the truth
on Ted, the speaker gave several examples in different fields: for example, dense bacterial networks among species connect seemingly unrelated species into a biological network; According to modern neuroscience, there are not so strict divisions in the brain, but an interrelated neural network; In the Internet era, enterprises are also learning from terrorist organizations, with decentralized power and indivial independence, weaving a network of values
In my opinion, the best example is the universealthough there are too many unsolved mysteries in the universe, it is generally believed that the universe has no concept of center in space (except Wukou). Stars are interconnected into a network through gravity and other actions, and any point can declare itself to be the center of the universe (from this point of view, the so-called "geocentric theory" and "heliocentric theory" are more mathematical problems), As "the Big Bang: a general history of the universe" said: "the big bang happened everywhere, there is no" explosive heart "... Every galaxy group seems to be moving away from us. If there is an observer looking back at us from these distant stars, he will see the same picture, and may also think that he is in the center of expansion
well, no matter every "rising Palace" on the micro scale or every planet on the macro scale, the so-called "decentralization" may just be a nested model, or it may really be the law of everything. Who knows, but it is certain that only by upgrading cognition to this level can we have a better understanding of "decentralization"
Li Beichen / Wen (famous technology we media, dedicated to providing you with elegant original scientific articles; Wechat official number: Li Beichen)
8. J. Piaget's theory of cognitive development divides cognitive development into four stages, From birth to about 2 years old, children in this stage can only rely on their own muscle movements and feelings to cope with external things. This stage can be further divided into six small stages: ① from birth to 1 month. At this time, the baby is still not aware of things around, or even their own existence, At the age of 1-4 months, the baby's movements become more coordinated, but it can't play with external objects. At the age of 4-10 months, the baby's vision and grasping movements are coordinated and begin to play with things around him. The 10 month old baby knows that things are still out of his vision. At the age of 10-12 months, the behavior has a purpose, (5) 12-18 months old. The baby will do slightly different actions to different objects to see what results will appear. (6) 18-24 months old. Before the action, the baby can think about the action in the mind and find a new way to solve the problem.
the second stage is
pre operation stage
. About 2-7 years old, Their thinking is superficial, primitive and chaotic. The pre operation stage can be divided into two periods: ①
pre concept
period, about 2-4 years old. This period is characterized by the appearance of symbolic function and imitation. ②
intuitive thinking
period, about 4-7 years old. Children mainly reflect the surface phenomenon of things, only push from one special situation to another, The third stage is the concrete operation stage. About 7-11 years old, in this stage, children form a preliminary operation structure and logical thinking. However, thinking is directly related to concrete things, which is inseparable from concrete experience, and lacks the ability of generalization. Abstract reasoning has not yet developed, At this stage, children's development is "decentralized", that is, the egocentric thinking of only looking at problems from their own point of view graally disappears. At this time, children can not only focus on one aspect of the situation or problems, but also pay attention to several aspects; We can not only pay attention to the static state of things, but also see the dynamic change; It can also reverse the direction of thinking.
the fourth stage is
formal operation stage
. From about 11 or 12 years old, to this stage, the indivial has formed a complete
cognitive structure
system, can carry out formal propositional thinking,
intelligence development
tends to mature, It is considered that normal people should reach the stage of formal operation no later than 15-20 years old
the second stage is
pre operation stage
. About 2-7 years old, Their thinking is superficial, primitive and chaotic. The pre operation stage can be divided into two periods: ①
pre concept
period, about 2-4 years old. This period is characterized by the appearance of symbolic function and imitation. ②
intuitive thinking
period, about 4-7 years old. Children mainly reflect the surface phenomenon of things, only push from one special situation to another, The third stage is the concrete operation stage. About 7-11 years old, in this stage, children form a preliminary operation structure and logical thinking. However, thinking is directly related to concrete things, which is inseparable from concrete experience, and lacks the ability of generalization. Abstract reasoning has not yet developed, At this stage, children's development is "decentralized", that is, the egocentric thinking of only looking at problems from their own point of view graally disappears. At this time, children can not only focus on one aspect of the situation or problems, but also pay attention to several aspects; We can not only pay attention to the static state of things, but also see the dynamic change; It can also reverse the direction of thinking.
the fourth stage is
formal operation stage
. From about 11 or 12 years old, to this stage, the indivial has formed a complete
cognitive structure
system, can carry out formal propositional thinking,
intelligence development
tends to mature, It is considered that normal people should reach the stage of formal operation no later than 15-20 years old
9. The so-called creative thinking refers to the thinking process in which the human brain makes valuable explorations of objective things and obtains original results. "Creative thinking refers to the process of thinking that invents or discovers a new way to deal with something or express something," American psychologist klasneck said[ 1] Scientific discovery and technological invention (hereinafter referred to as scientific and technological creation) is a kind of advanced and complex creative activity. Creative thinking plays a vital role in this activity. It can be said that without creative thinking, scientific and technological invention and discovery are impossible. At present, innovation ecation is being implemented everywhere, and the important task of innovation ecation is to cultivate students' creative thinking ability. This paper attempts to analyze the role of creative thinking in science and technology creation, to explore how to cultivate students' creative thinking ability in innovation ecation
(1) guiding role: to guide a wide range of solutions to explore problems
"there is no doubt that the key to all science is the problem. Most of our great inventions should be attributed to how, and the wisdom of life is probably to ask why." Balzac) this sentence indicates the first step of scientific research, that is, to start with problems. If a person wants to discover, invent and create something, he must first be able to discover problems, but to discover problems, he must rely on creative thinking. Einstein said: "it is often more important to ask a problem than to solve it. Because solving a problem may only be a mathematical or experimental skill, but raising new problems, new possibilities, and looking at old problems from a new perspective all require creative imagination, and it marks the real progress of science. "[ 2] Natural phenomena and social life are colorful and complicated. Some people turn a blind eye to them and turn a deaf ear to them. The ingenuity of the creator lies in finding new problems that ordinary people can't feel. This ingenuity relies on creative thinking. This kind of creative thinking can guide the creator to see the world around him with why, observe some phenomena carefully in the field he is familiar with, and think acutely, or be curious, or ask questions, or doubt, or criticize, or think strangely, and see and think about some problems from different angles. This is divergent thinking. Only rational thinking, positive thinking, conventional thinking and logical thinking are not enough to find problems. In this way, the thinking will not be open and will be hindered. At this time, creative thinking can give full play to its advantages. For example, Newton saw the apple landing, thought of the gravity of the earth and found the law of universal gravitation; Faraday saw the phenomenon that the soft iron was magnetized when the current surrounded the soft iron and thought of "electricity generated by magnetism"; Darwin was puzzled by the diversity of creatures in the world and explored the origin of species, thus he founded the theory of evolution; Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, was surprised to see a particularly excellent rice plant by chance. After tracking and studying, he found that it was a natural hybrid, and later cultivated it to proce high-yield hybrid rice; In the process of inventing electric lamp, Edison used divergent thinking to find the ideal filament material. He thought of and tested more than 1600 kinds of heat-resistant materials and more than 6000 kinds of plants, and finally found that tungsten filament was the most ideal filament material
(2) focusing function: finding the main direction and breakthrough of solving problems
creative thinking is not only divergent thinking. Divergent thinking plays a very important role in the initial stage of finding solutions to problems, but it is not enough to just blindly divergent, and it is impossible to go on in-depth research. In that case, it can only be a superficial taste, and it is impossible to focus on breakthroughs. After extensive divergent thinking, we have to use convergent thinking to select several best schemes from many schemes for further exploration. At this time, creative thinking plays a focus role in finding problems, that is, to find the main direction of attack, select the right breakthrough, and then lock the target and focus on tackling. For example, the discovery of electricity is an example. In the early days, scientists from all walks of life had already felt various forms of electricity, such as lightning, electricity generated by friction, and electric current could deflect the small magnetic needle. They also found that electricity was related to chemistry, optics, thermodynamics, mechanics, biology and so on. Therefore, many questions were raised from different angles, and after convergent thinking and comprehensive analysis, Graally, many problems come down to a central problem: whether there are some tiny particles with high speed and high energy passing through all kinds of materials, causing all kinds of phenomena. After repeated speculation, scientists have formed various hypotheses about the internal structure of atoms, assuming that some particles rotate at a high speed around the center of the atom, and when they fly out of the atom, they flow between objects, which can explain many phenomena. Later, it was proved by experiments that the theory of electricity was established. This shows that creative thinking plays a positive role in helping to choose the main research direction and breakthrough in scientific creation
(3) bridge function: bridging the gap between different kinds of thinking, making the thinking unimpeded
scientific and technological creation is a complex system engineering, which can not be completed by one kind of thinking alone. It is the result of the comprehensive effect of creative thinking. In different stages of discovery, different forms of thinking are used, and in the same stage, it is often the comprehensive use of various forms of thinking. At this time, it depends on creative thinking to play the role of leading the way and paving the way, and build an overpass between various kinds of thinking, so as to make them connect with each other and help complete the task of invention and creation. In the process of creation, divergent thinking, convergent thinking, image thinking, logical thinking, inspiration thinking, intuitive thinking and analogy thinking are often used synthetically. At this time, creative thinking combines them organically. In the process of creation, some of them diverge first and then converge; Some of them are intuitive judgment before analogical reasoning, and need logical arrangement; Some of them are the combination of logical thinking, image thinking and inspiration thinking. Instead of some kind of thinking going straight in and fighting alone, they are fighting together. In short, creative thinking is unifying them. Some people overemphasize irrational thinking such as inspiration and intuition, as if they are equivalent to creative thinking, which is not comprehensive. Although Einstein, Rutherford, Kepler, Poincare and Qian Xuesen highly praised inspiration and intuition, they did not rule out the role of rational thinking. In an instant, the hypothesis realized by intuition and inspiration is often one-sided and fuzzy, and it needs to be perfected by logical thinking. It needs to be expressed in accurate language, formula and graphics, and it also needs to materialize the achievements of invention and creation.
(1) guiding role: to guide a wide range of solutions to explore problems
"there is no doubt that the key to all science is the problem. Most of our great inventions should be attributed to how, and the wisdom of life is probably to ask why." Balzac) this sentence indicates the first step of scientific research, that is, to start with problems. If a person wants to discover, invent and create something, he must first be able to discover problems, but to discover problems, he must rely on creative thinking. Einstein said: "it is often more important to ask a problem than to solve it. Because solving a problem may only be a mathematical or experimental skill, but raising new problems, new possibilities, and looking at old problems from a new perspective all require creative imagination, and it marks the real progress of science. "[ 2] Natural phenomena and social life are colorful and complicated. Some people turn a blind eye to them and turn a deaf ear to them. The ingenuity of the creator lies in finding new problems that ordinary people can't feel. This ingenuity relies on creative thinking. This kind of creative thinking can guide the creator to see the world around him with why, observe some phenomena carefully in the field he is familiar with, and think acutely, or be curious, or ask questions, or doubt, or criticize, or think strangely, and see and think about some problems from different angles. This is divergent thinking. Only rational thinking, positive thinking, conventional thinking and logical thinking are not enough to find problems. In this way, the thinking will not be open and will be hindered. At this time, creative thinking can give full play to its advantages. For example, Newton saw the apple landing, thought of the gravity of the earth and found the law of universal gravitation; Faraday saw the phenomenon that the soft iron was magnetized when the current surrounded the soft iron and thought of "electricity generated by magnetism"; Darwin was puzzled by the diversity of creatures in the world and explored the origin of species, thus he founded the theory of evolution; Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, was surprised to see a particularly excellent rice plant by chance. After tracking and studying, he found that it was a natural hybrid, and later cultivated it to proce high-yield hybrid rice; In the process of inventing electric lamp, Edison used divergent thinking to find the ideal filament material. He thought of and tested more than 1600 kinds of heat-resistant materials and more than 6000 kinds of plants, and finally found that tungsten filament was the most ideal filament material
(2) focusing function: finding the main direction and breakthrough of solving problems
creative thinking is not only divergent thinking. Divergent thinking plays a very important role in the initial stage of finding solutions to problems, but it is not enough to just blindly divergent, and it is impossible to go on in-depth research. In that case, it can only be a superficial taste, and it is impossible to focus on breakthroughs. After extensive divergent thinking, we have to use convergent thinking to select several best schemes from many schemes for further exploration. At this time, creative thinking plays a focus role in finding problems, that is, to find the main direction of attack, select the right breakthrough, and then lock the target and focus on tackling. For example, the discovery of electricity is an example. In the early days, scientists from all walks of life had already felt various forms of electricity, such as lightning, electricity generated by friction, and electric current could deflect the small magnetic needle. They also found that electricity was related to chemistry, optics, thermodynamics, mechanics, biology and so on. Therefore, many questions were raised from different angles, and after convergent thinking and comprehensive analysis, Graally, many problems come down to a central problem: whether there are some tiny particles with high speed and high energy passing through all kinds of materials, causing all kinds of phenomena. After repeated speculation, scientists have formed various hypotheses about the internal structure of atoms, assuming that some particles rotate at a high speed around the center of the atom, and when they fly out of the atom, they flow between objects, which can explain many phenomena. Later, it was proved by experiments that the theory of electricity was established. This shows that creative thinking plays a positive role in helping to choose the main research direction and breakthrough in scientific creation
(3) bridge function: bridging the gap between different kinds of thinking, making the thinking unimpeded
scientific and technological creation is a complex system engineering, which can not be completed by one kind of thinking alone. It is the result of the comprehensive effect of creative thinking. In different stages of discovery, different forms of thinking are used, and in the same stage, it is often the comprehensive use of various forms of thinking. At this time, it depends on creative thinking to play the role of leading the way and paving the way, and build an overpass between various kinds of thinking, so as to make them connect with each other and help complete the task of invention and creation. In the process of creation, divergent thinking, convergent thinking, image thinking, logical thinking, inspiration thinking, intuitive thinking and analogy thinking are often used synthetically. At this time, creative thinking combines them organically. In the process of creation, some of them diverge first and then converge; Some of them are intuitive judgment before analogical reasoning, and need logical arrangement; Some of them are the combination of logical thinking, image thinking and inspiration thinking. Instead of some kind of thinking going straight in and fighting alone, they are fighting together. In short, creative thinking is unifying them. Some people overemphasize irrational thinking such as inspiration and intuition, as if they are equivalent to creative thinking, which is not comprehensive. Although Einstein, Rutherford, Kepler, Poincare and Qian Xuesen highly praised inspiration and intuition, they did not rule out the role of rational thinking. In an instant, the hypothesis realized by intuition and inspiration is often one-sided and fuzzy, and it needs to be perfected by logical thinking. It needs to be expressed in accurate language, formula and graphics, and it also needs to materialize the achievements of invention and creation.
10. From the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century, Germany lagged behind Britain and France in politics and economy, and was in a state of division for a long time, with more than 300 feudal states on one side. In order to strengthen their rule and expand their military strength, these States, especially Prussia and Austria, attempted to cultivate loyal subjects and handy soldiers through ecation, so they were eager to transfer the management power of national schools from the church to the state, and vigorously advocated compulsory ecation. As early as the second half of the 16th century, some states, such as Wittenberg and Saxony, promulgated compulsory ecation laws; Since the 17th century, most states have been competing to enact such laws. Among them, the most famous one was the decree issued by King Frederick II of Prussia in 1763, which further stipulated that children aged 5-12 must go to school for ecation, otherwise they would be fined to their parents. The real science middle school came into being in Germany at the beginning of the 18th century, one century earlier than Britain and France, which made the German have the preciseness and connotation of the requirements of natural science! In 1708, zemmler, a devout believer, founded & quot; Mathematics, mechanics, economics practical high school;, It mainly teaches mathematics, physics, mechanics, nature, astronomy, geography and law, supplemented by painting and cartography. Since then, some cities in Germany have set up such schools one after another, and some practical middle schools have added subjects such as architecture, commercial manufacturing, trade and economy. This is a new type of school with the nature of both general ecation and vocational ecation. It eliminates the tendency of pure classicism in teaching subjects and course contents, and meets the needs of the graal development of German capitalist economy. But because its graates are not allowed to enter higher ecation, their status is very low, so there are not many students. They are soon surpassed by the United States, which has no concept of family status, and lost to the United States in the application of science. Under the influence of the French Revolution in the 18th century, its outstanding performance in ecation is Pan - patriotism and Humboldt reform. Pan patriotism was deeply influenced by French bourgeois enlightenment, especially Rousseau's thought and German new humanism. Pan love ecationists such as J. Basedow, Salman and kanbi think that the highest purpose of ecation is to cultivate people who have practical knowledge, pan love thought, health and optimism. Therefore, moral ecation, physical ecation, labor ecation, modern language and natural science knowledge are valued, and children's free development ecation method is adopted, focusing on physical teaching. They love children, affirm that children's nature is good, oppose scholasticism and Classicism ecation, and prohibit corporal punishment. This method was later introced to the United States, Russia, Japan and other countries. From 1807 to 1815, K.W. Humboldt, a historian and political activist, was the Minister of ecation ring the Stein hardenburg reform in Prussia. According to the spirit of new humanism, he carried out a series of reforms in school ecation at all levels. In primary ecation and normal ecation, Pestalozzi's ecational thought has been actively carried out, the teaching content has been expanded, the teaching methods have been improved, and famous ecators such as Didier have emerged. After that, Dewey ecation developed on this basis. In the aspect of secondary ecation, practical secondary schools have been further developed, with more subjects of history, geography and natural science added, and teachers selected through examinations, breaking the situation of only clergy serving as teachers. In the aspect of higher ecation, Humboldt put forward that the task of university is to impart knowledge of various subjects to students on the one hand, and to develop science on the other hand (that is, to build a teaching and Research Center). The University of Berlin, which he founded and led, is a typical example in this respect. Because Germany pays more attention to ecation earlier, the country's strength also comes from the more advanced and reasonable methods. This is another example of quality ecation. It has nothing to do with the genes and chromosomes that some people boast about! The rise of great powers depends on science and technology. The contest between countries is, in the final analysis, the contest of national quality and talent. To put it bluntly, because it is difficult for China to accept other people's ecational ideas, the overall quality of its citizens is not at the same level as that of developed countries. British historian Toynbee has studied 21 civilizations that appeared in history and then disappeared one after another. The conclusion is that the cause of death of these civilizations, without exception, is not homicide, but suicide. They lost the vitality of innovation and were eliminated by history. In 1876, when the United States celebrated the 100th anniversary of its independence, an international exposition was held in Philadelphia, with 37 countries participating in the exhibition. At that time, the Qing government also sent an exhibition? Tour group. At the Expo, the latest steam locomotives are on display in Britain, high-power motors and generators are on display in the United States, precision machine tools for guns are on display in Germany, and 27 sets of ear scoops and embroidered shoes made of pure silver are on display in China. This is the gap of the times! Only a country that is prepared for danger in times of peace is qualified to talk about who is the first!
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