Decentralized news reporting

1. That is to say, everyone can publish such articles. As such a media, it should be credible

2. One of the characteristics of media theory is the wide ambiguity of various views. On the relationship between media and society, one of the focuses of the debate is the theoretical debate between "media centric" and "social centric", First, the view of "media center" lays particular stress on the field of media activities. It holds that the mass media, influenced by the irresistible driving force of the development of communication technology, has formed an independent force beyond the law of social movement. Mass communication has its own mode of operation and logic, highlighting the autonomy and influence of the media“ The view of "social center" regards the mass media as the reflection of political and economic forces, and holds that the media, just like its original intention, is only the carrier of information transmission. Therefore, the media theory is only a special application of the larger social theory. Second, the "media center" theory holds that the mass media has the ability to "acculturate" and "cultivate" the society, And regard the mass media as the main instigator of social change“ The theory of "social center" holds that media is always under the influence of social forces. It belongs to society and bears special responsibility for society. It is not difficult to see that the differences between theories are irreconcilable e to different footholds

3. Network belongs to new media. affirmatory. New media is relative to traditional media. Traditional media refers to
print media, radio, television and other mass media. So of course, the Internet is a new media.

4. It's not something we should consider.
if it's something like this, it's a big event.
only national level leaders need to consider

5. M is calculated by the mass of the block,
A is calculated by the acceleration in the direction of motion,
for example, when sliding down, even the acceleration downward along the inclined plane~

6. How to write a good news report
news is a way to spread information, which requires simplicity. News has a certain structure: title (topic) - Introction (generally the simplest thing to be said) - subject (that is, the details of the news) - Summary (that is, the end). Writing news is very different from writing in Chinese class. As long as the writing is smooth, the narration is clear and the style is beautiful, it is a good composition. It does not necessarily require authenticity, nor is it for publication. News is a report of recent facts. It is necessary to face the readers and consider their interests. At the same time, it is also responsible for publicizing the party's policies; The genre of news is also relatively clear, and the writing has its own requirements. Here are three main news genres< First, put up a shelf and then write an article. Conception is the basis of all writing. Before writing, you must think about what you are going to write and determine the main idea, which is usually reflected in the title. However, it is often seen that there is no boundary between the title and the content or that the topic is very important. Then I have to consider how to write, set up a good shelf for the article, what to say first, what to say later, what material to use at the end, and so on. However, in the contributions, many articles are obviously lack of thinking about the structure, and the phenomenon of digression, improper details, and repeated tautologies is very serious. These two points should be self-evident for news writing, but there are too many problems in this aspect, including some full-time correspondents, who often ignore these basic writing requirements. The words are smooth, but they don't know what to say. Therefore, when talking about specific writing, we should first ask everyone to think for themselves: what I want to write and how I plan to write (including the use of various materials)
2. News writing news is the most common type of news genre, whose purpose is to report the latest facts to readers with concise and objective words, The principle of objectivity of news does not allow reporters to make comments or judgments. Even if you want to report what you want to publicize, you must "speak with facts" and express your inclination by choosing the facts you want to report. The general factual news adopts the "inverted pyramid structure", that is, the whole news arranges the narrative levels and paragraphs according to the importance degree according to all aspects of a fact, thus forming the following "top heavy" or "top heavy" reporting structure:
1. Introction. The most important or wonderful part of the fact, or the key point of the fact, is arranged to be reported to the readers in the introction. In the introction, we should take the most important and wonderful words as the first language
2. Materials that further explain or explain the facts mentioned in the introction. These materials are still arranged according to the priority of the problem and can be divided into several paragraphs
3. The necessary background materials are also arranged according to the importance
4. Secondary supplementary materials. If such a message is cut from the back to only the introction or even a sentence, it can still exist independently and tell the reader clearly what happened. Obviously, the introction plays an important role in the news and must be written well
there are four types of lead: factual lead; General introction; Descriptive introction; Delayed introction. We should decide which one to adopt according to the specific situation. There are two key points: to understand the key points of the reported facts; Find the verbs or phrases that can move readers and guide them to read on
the introction generally involves the following four aspects: 1. Tell the readers the specific and clear facts; 2. The time when the facts happened; 3. News sources; 4. Where it happened. Other common message structures include accumulated interest structure, time sequence structure, feed structure and so on
thirdly, communication writing reports the facts in a specific and detailed way, forming another major news genre communication. The common feature of communication is to comprehensively report the recent facts in the way of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. Whether it reports events or characters, it should always focus on "people" and show the facts through people's activities and thoughts. Therefore, it is generally emotional. This is the charm of communication. Communication cooperation is more flexible than news, allowing reporters to express their inclination (of course, some communications can also use objective reporting), but it is not easy to write well, because it needs more solid writing skills. Communication requires a very clear theme, and refining the theme of communication is usually the key to the success of communication. This requires in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the facts and understanding of the background and spirit of the times. From this aspect, we can see the author's analytical ability and ideological level
there are three kinds of communication structures: 1. The "one-stop" structure, that is, the vertical structure of time. 2. The "broken watermelon" type is the horizontal structure in space. 3. "Bamboo shoot stripping" means that it develops from simplicity and expressiveness to depth, and finally reaches the climax and breaks the theme. It is a problem that should be considered frequently in communication writing that the details are appropriate and corresponding.

7. Recently, the reporter once again came to the hometown of Zhang Renhe, Shibi village, Shibi Town, Ninghua county. In the past two years, the new changes in the village are refreshing

Zhang Renyuan is Zhang Renhe's third brother. A few years ago, his home was built on the side of the road near the town government. It's a three story reinforced concrete house. Now it doesn't look old. There are three motorcycles in the hall on the first floor. Renyuan said that the party and the government paid too much attention to his family after Renhe died. Their family is grateful and warm. He told reporters that the province allocated funds to build a new house for his sister-in-law, Zhang Xiuhe, to fulfill Renhe's unfulfilled wish; Renhe's son Xiaobo also successfully graated from Fujian Instrial school. Unfortunately, Xiuhe took Xiaobo to his uncle in Shenzhen, but the reporter didn't see him

Zhang Hechun, 69, led the villagers to help when his adobe house was hit by the flood. He said with emotion: "in order to make our people happy, although the old secretary Zhang Renhe sacrificed, his spirit always inspires people. With the concern of Party committees and governments at all levels, our days are getting better and better. "

it is understood that Zhang Hechun's home has moved from the old house to the present fengshulong community, which is the new house on the street passing through the provincial road. This district is listed as the Provincial Department of Urban Construction Demonstration District, and has received special fund support. His family covers an area of 72.5 square meters and has built a three-and-a-half-story building in three years, costing about 200000 yuan. Not only did he live in a new house, his health conditions were greatly improved, but also his income was increased. Because of the house on the street, the storefront is more valuable. His second daughter-in-law now runs a small department store, increasing his income< In the past two years, the per capita income of Shibi village has increased from 2700 yuan to 4018 yuan. The income of village finance has also increased from tens of thousands of yuan to 269400 yuan now< Before sitting down, Zhang TIANYAO, a 67 year old veteran party member, took the reporter's hand and said, "the party's policies are really good, and the changes in the village are really great.". He said that the new houses built along the street and the clean streets are the same as those in the city“ It's better to be a farmer now. First, do not pay taxes; Second, the farmland infrastructure is complete and the labor intensity is greatly reced; Third, no matter what kind of tobacco or glutinous rice is planted, it is guaranteed to be purchased with stable income. The state also provides medical insurance and subsistence allowances for our farmers. At this age, we have never seen such a good policy as today! "

according to Zhang Qingfu, the village Party branch secretary, over the past two years, departments at all levels have invested more than 5 million yuan in Shibi village. Among them, the exit channel through fengshulong community has been widened to 18 meters, more than 800 meters long; There are 205 new houses built in the north and South rows on both sides of the street, all of which are of Huizhou style. The walls are decorated in a unified way, and the sidewalks are paved with tiles. Farmers describe these houses as "wearing suits, trousers and shoes", which is very decent. About 150 households in the village enjoy these new houses, accounting for 1 / 4 of the whole village; The Hakka service center is under construction and will be put into use in the second half of next year. By that time, one third of the instrial and commercial households will move into the new market. In addition, the basic construction of farmland has also been greatly strengthened, such as the construction of mechanized roads, U-shaped channels and water-saving irrigation projects. Through land consolidation, 1 / 4 of the land in the village can achieve the goal of ensuring the income from drought and flood

Zhang Qingfu said that the power of example is endless. The cadres and masses of Shibi village consciously take Zhang Renhe as an example. The poverty alleviation, family planning and other social undertakings in the village have been carried out smoothly. The appearance of the village has become increasingly neat and the style of the village has become increasingly civilized. Shibi village is changing from a remote poor village to a "border trade village, cultural village and harmonious new village" Reporter Xue Xihui, Xie Zhenhua, correspondent Luo wangshui

8. I know that TKC is a popular project recently. Many people want to invest and use TKC to manage money.

9. From the perspective of planning, the so-called planning refers to making strategies and specific implementation details based on the analysis of relevant information to achieve the goal; It also includes the evaluation of the implementation results for reference in future planning. Planning generally consists of planners, planning basis, planning means, planning objects, planning effect evaluation and other factors

the characteristics of in-depth report determine that it is a kind of deep news mining first. In other words, it is not only the record or narration of an event or phenomenon, but also the reason, result and future trend of the event. This is the basic premise of topic selection in depth report. In addition, the topic planning also takes the best effect as the starting point to seek the characteristics in line with its own value orientation. In my opinion, in addition to the five elements of news, the "value" characteristics of in-depth report include:

1. The uniqueness of facts. News for the audience, there is a "novel law", the more unique personality, beyond the scope of people's experience, its interest in attracting "eye" is more strong. Although it can be logically classified, it is not the repetition of the past events on the plane. It must have the significance of accumulation of quantity, especially the breakthrough beyond the conventional. In real life, these events or problems may change the situation of some regions and people, leaving a new record of the development of things

2. That is to say, the objects of in-depth reports usually have a wide impact on the society, or it is easy to remind people to pay attention to the common interests of mankind, or it is easy to wake up people's conscience, or it is easy to arouse people's common interests. Its audience is not measured by regions, but by countries and even the whole world

3. Influence on the future. The events in the in-depth report not only have an impact on the political, economic and social development process, but also have an impact on the existing system, norms and order, causing social reflection on ideology, concept, morality and ethics< 4. Repetitive declaration. The so-called repetitive declaration "means that the important content or part of the latest report is the repetition of the past report. This kind of repetition is not caused by negligence, but by intention. It is intended to clearly declare an intention. Its news focus is not on the initial occurrence of the fact, but on the time point when the already happened fact is extended, because the social background at this time point is new. "[ 1]

in depth report is essentially a kind of "viewpoint news", and from the perspective of topic selection planning, its realization depends on the discovery of "viewpoint" and the positioning of "viewpoint". The former is mainly manifested in the discrimination and exploration of the subject matter, while the latter is mainly about the treatment of the subject matter and the way of thinking. Here are the answers:

(1) the discovery of "viewpoint"

that is, the discovery and search of news sources. Generally speaking, the news sources of in-depth reports can be considered from the following ways:

the first type is the emergencies that affect the overall situation. Every change of it affects people's hearts and minds, and it's the encounter of journalists. Such as Iraq war reports, natural and social disasters, coups and so on

the second type is the beginning or end of historical events. It is a milestone and a symbol of the times. Such as the return of Hong Kong and the amendment of the constitution

the third type is routine major meetings or activities. This kind of meeting or activity usually decides political, economic and social affairs according to the majority principle or international standards, and has strong proceral nature. Such as the domestic "two sessions", the international "Western Eight summit", major celebrations and so on

the fourth type is the social "focus" which is heated by public opinion. Its causes and results are often complicated, causing widespread attention of the audience. Such as political star gossip, all kinds of "inhuman" events

the fifth category is "cold spots" with potential value“ "Cold" and "hot" are opposite. Although some ordinary people's stories of happiness, anger, sorrow and happiness, and some "common" family members are not paid much attention to, if reporters can dive down, observe and think, they can find the news "highlights" from the "cold spots" and become the "hot spots" concerned by the people

the sixth category is to comprehensively reflect a series of current relevant facts, and form summary, series reports and commentary reports. Such as the conflict between Israel and Palestine, the development of the western region and so on

the discovery of "viewpoint" requires journalists to have a high degree of sensitivity and insight, especially the ability to distinguish the subjects with great exploration value. On the whole, the final formation of "viewpoint" is formed by the quality of the subject matter, the penetrating power of the reporter's thought and the attention of the audience< According to the reporter's experience, the planning and positioning of "viewpoint" mainly include the following ways of thinking

first, message extension expands viewpoint. The topics of in-depth reports are mostly reported by the media, or rather extended from the news. In daily reports, e to the limitation of time and genre, the general news reports are not deep, not transparent, or even just one word, which leaves room for further exploration and combination for in-depth reports< Second, news binding condenses the point of view. The original intention of in-depth report is to extend people's multiple cognition of a certain problem and event. Therefore, making multi-point and multi side reports around a certain problem and fact can expand people's perception and understanding. In recent years, the practice has proved that the new generation of in-depth reporting should get rid of the embarrassment of "deep" rather than "new", and "grab" news separately by reporters, and then form a news combination of a certain theme. Its mode is: the main section is the collection of the latest news loved by the audience, which constitutes the narration and record of news events or phenomena, reflecting the original intention of the news. As for speeches, interviews, links to related events, background information, etc., they all revolve around this core, so as to make the core deep and thorough, and form an indispensable supplement to the main section< Third, the major themes presuppose viewpoints. Planning itself has the meaning of theme presupposition. For some major events known in advance, such as the Olympic Games, the Three Gorges power generation and so on, there is a general schele for these events, so reporters can collect materials and conct interviews in advance before the "viewpoint" arrives, so as to form a set of reporting plans. Take the "daily view" of Beijing Evening News as an example. The report on the 50th anniversary of the national day of the people's Republic of China reported that "daily view" started nine months ahead of schele. A group of old photos and an initiative of "people looking for the historical moment of the founding ceremony" caused a warm response from the people of Beijing. The hotline rang constantly, and enthusiastic readers sent photos in person, A novel and unique idea has spread the joy and excitement of the 50th anniversary of the national day into the hearts of readers. The enthusiasm of readers has been aroused, and the whole report has been continuously deepened by new events and activities[ 2]

Fourth, explore the innovative viewpoint again. With the fierce competition of modern media, it is an extravagant hope to seek "exclusive news". The theory of journalism also shows that "exclusive news" can also be reflected by exploiting news sources twice to form exclusive perspective and thinking. A mature column should construct its own unique perspective to reflect the world and discover the news in the news with keen insight Hangzhou Daily's in-depth coverage of the point of view news edition once again explored the local news of Jiaxing and published "why, pigs should also eat stimulants?", It shows that there is a place where more than 40 people suffered from food poisoning. According to the investigation of the public security department, it was because they were poisoned after eating rice noodles. The local media also reported on it, but that's all. The reason has not been studied deeply. It seems that it is difficult to say“ "Viewpoint" reporter learned that this kind of rice flour was mixed with a kind of stimulant called "Clenbuterol", which was added in pig feed by lawless elements. The reporter felt that this was a major event related to the people's vegetable basket. He immediately went to Jiaxing for an interview. The public security department confirmed the matter and learned that this kind of feed was proced by a factory in Xiaoshan. So the reporter went to Xiaoshan to investigate secretly. After making clear the basic facts, he also visited the relevant experts to find out what "Clenbuterol" is and what harm it does to human body. After the report focusing on "Clenbuterol" came out, it caused widespread concern of the people, and also caused a new round of hot speculation in Zhejiang media< 5. Reverse thinking generates viewpoint. It is in line with people's normal psychology for the media to keep up with the "hot spots", but "keeping up with the hot spots" is not blind speculation. It is still necessary to analyze the significance of submergence with a careful, calm and objective attitude. Therefore, the press advocates "cold thinking" in "hot news" to avoid losing the authenticity of news e to short-term behavior. Taking the Iraq war report as an example, the media's "follow-up" to the event is understandable, but the excessive enthusiasm leads to the loss of judgment direction, so that the audience is at a loss before the massive information and the media's distorted report, which will objectively lead to the decline of media credibility. The essence of in-depth reporting also tells people that only by telling the truth from both positive and negative aspects, and having enough rationality and intelligence to judge the trend of the situation, can such "viewpoint" be profound and cause more in-depth thinking of the audience< Second, there is a formula: is there any rule to follow in topic selection planning? Obviously there are. We admit that news activity is a kind of creative work, and topic selection and planning is also a creative process of constantly investing in intelligence. However, we also believe that because news operation has certain proceres and things have certain rules, under the control of a certain news concept, if a counter-measures operation mode can be formed, It is of great benefit to improve the efficiency of news report. It is based on such an understanding that it is indisputable to summarize the "formula" of topic selection planning

the orientation of the content and value of in-depth report determines that it has a set of operation routines different from the conventional report: from the content point of view, an in-depth report not only requires that the news theme, news angle and news theme of a news work can be innovated, but also requires that the news angle and news theme be refined and deepened; From a formal point of view, in-depth report is usually a kind of news combination (independent style in-depth report and combined style in-depth report are only different in the way of combination). It generally revolves around the core of an event or problem. The key is to deepen the core, and the link of relevant materials is an indispensable supplement. According to these two aspects, the key to the completion of an in-depth report is to grasp the "core", and in the early stage, it is mainly about the discovery and positioning of the "viewpoint"

for example, in-depth reports in the media are like many buried gold. Journalists are like gold diggers. How can we dig out the gold? The efficient way of thinking is as follows: 1. Determine the best way to exploit gold (important period of time); 2. Delineation and burial

10. The type and structure of news headlines
1. The type of news headlines
1. The common topic of multiple news headlines. The headline includes the headline that expresses facts, the headline that puts forward opinions and the headline that expresses both facts and opinions
2. The title of a single news item includes five kinds: subject, quotation, subtitle, abstract and subtitle
topic -- the most important part of the title, indicating the most important facts or ideas, with the largest font size
introction, also known as shoulder topic and eyebrow topic, is an auxiliary title before the theme, which is mainly used to lead out the theme
subtitle, also known as sub topic, is an auxiliary title after the theme, which mainly uses facts to supplement and explain the theme
abstract title: the title (including quotation, subject, and subtitle) of a manuscript and the front of the text, which is used to prompt the main content of the manuscript<
subtitle, also called sub title and inserted title, is embedded in the news manuscript to summarize the content of each part of the manuscript, which has the function of segmentation or classification
3. From the content of news headlines, they can be divided into two categories: real topic and virtual topic
real topic -- the part of a news headline that narrates the facts, or the title that expresses the facts
empty title -- the part of a news headline that expresses comments or opinions
2. The structure of news headlines
1. Single structure: only the main title, no auxiliary title
the titles with single structure are mostly one line questions, or two or three line questions
2. Compound structure: in addition to the theme, there are also auxiliary questions, that is, the quotation, the adverb or both
the title of compound structure is a multi line question
the function of the introction: explain the background, set off the atmosphere, reveal the meaning, put forward the question, explain the reason (purpose),
the function of the long sentence shortens
the adverb: explain the result of the event, supplement the secondary facts, confirm the viewpoint in the topic, explain the topic's
generalization
3. The structural arrangement of the title should pay attention to
1, The meaning must be complete
2. The internal logical relationship between the various parts of the title of the compound structure should be correct, the combination of the virtual and the real of the title should be appropriate,
the lines of the title should be reasonable, and the theme meaning must be complete<
section 3
proction of news headlines
1. Select the content of the headlines from the news
1. Select the freshest and most important facts or opinions
2. Select the most characteristic facts and opinions
3. The facts and opinions of the headlines must be consistent with the essence of the news content
2. Determine the position, attitude and emotional color of the headlines
1 2. Grasp the readers' psychology and convey their feelings from the perspective of being close to the readers. 3. Grasp the emotional expression well; Degree & quot
4. Pay attention to the implicit attitude in special cases
3. Determine the structure and expression of the title
1. Determine the length and structure of the title according to the content and intention of the report
2. Turn the empty into the real and the static into the dynamic to make the title vivid
3. Use rhetoric to make the title vivid
4. Pay attention to the correct use of tense and punctuation
4 Refine the text of the title
1. Compress and summarize the content that is dispensable in the title
2. Delete the words and characters that are dispensable in the title
3. Change the way of narration to make the title concise
4. Use abbreviations appropriately to make the title concise