Decentralized B2C model

1. I have a look at this. It belongs to the trading mining type, not the current one. At present, digital currency platforms have their own tokens. But the rules of each platform are different. If victex is supposed to speculate in this platform, the service charge can be divided into platform tokens. You can get coins as long as you trade, so mining is a transaction, and trading is mining.

2. From the economic point of view, bitcoin has no value. In reality, bitcoin has no corresponding proct or service output, that is, it has no corresponding economic value.

4. B2C and C2C are the main modes of e-commerce

B2C: mainly refers to e-commerce transactions between enterprises and consumers
B2C (business to consumer) means that we often see suppliers selling goods directly to users, that is, commercial retail, which directly sells procts and services to consumers. For example, you go to McDonald's to eat is B2C, because you are just a customer. Examples: Dangdang, excellence, youkat
the types of B2C Websites mainly include comprehensive Mall (EC based traditional mall with rich procts), department store (self owned inventory, selling goods), vertical store (meeting a certain specific demand), composite brand store (composite of traditional brand merchants), service-oriented online store (trading of intangible goods), shopping guide engine type (interesting shopping, convenient shopping), etc Online proct customization (personalized service, personalized demand), etc. The profit model of B2C is mainly service fee, membership fee, sales fee, promotion fee, etc
C2C: it mainly refers to the e-commerce transaction business provided by indivial users. At present, the main C2C e-commerce enterprises are: Taobao, eBay, etc

C2C (customer to consumer) is an e-commerce between indivials, in which customers sell their own things on the Internet. Examples: Taobao, paipai and eBay. The main profit model of C2C is membership fee, transaction commission fee, advertising fee, ranking and bidding fee, payment link fee, etc. The general operation process of C2C is as follows: the seller registers the goods to be sold on the community server, the buyer obtains the second-hand goods information through the portal web server, the buyer selects the second-hand goods to be purchased after checking the seller's credit, completes the data recording through the transaction management platform, and the buyer and the seller carry out the collection and payment transaction Deliver the goods to the buyer through the logistics delivery mechanism of the website.

5.

B2C In B2C, B is business, which means enterprise, 2 is the homophony of to, C is customer, which means consumer, so B2C is the e-commerce mode of enterprise to consumer. This form of e-commerce is generally based on the network retail instry, mainly with the help of the Internet to carry out online sales activities

B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China, marked by the formal operation of 8848 online mall

B2C means that enterprises provide consumers with a new shopping environment online store through the Internet, and consumers shop and pay online through the Internet

because this mode saves the time and space of customers and enterprises, and greatly improves the transaction efficiency, especially for busy office workers, this mode can save valuable time. However, the characteristics of goods sold on the Internet are also very obvious, which are limited to some special goods, such as books, audio-visual procts, digital procts, flowers, toys and so on

these commodities demand less experience for buyers to feel, listen, touch, smell and so on. For example, clothing, sound equipment and perfume need consumers' specific sensory experience procts not suitable for sale online. Of course, they do not exclude a small number of consumers who decide to buy a certain brand of a certain model without needing on-site experience, but such consumers are few. People are more willing to believe in their own experience to decide whether to buy or not

So far, successful enterprises in B2C market, such as Dangdang and Zhuoyue, all sell some special procts. At present, the payment method of B2C e-commerce is the combination of cash on delivery and online payment, and most enterprises choose logistics outsourcing to save operating costs

extended data

B2C development strategy

I. those elements that are taken for granted by the instry should be eliminated? In B2C e-commerce mode, most people will think that "inventory and logistics" are the natural factors, and these two factors are also the higher cost factors

since these two factors are relatively high cost, can they be eliminated? Most people's first reaction is: definitely not. Nothing is impossible. There are more ways than problems. At present, some e-commerce websites have eliminated these two links

Second, which elements should be reced below the instry standard in the instry of recing B2C

hard advertising. At present, the B2C websites that are doing fairly well are all smashed up by numerous advertising expenses. The biggest advantage of network is that it is a low-cost marketing platform. B2C website want to get rapid development, rece hard advertising, rece marketing costs, and then spend more energy on marketing innovation

Third, increase

most B2C websites just choose two or three simple payment methods. In fact, whether the payment method is convenient or not directly determines the user's purchase desire. Most consumers are impulsive shoppers. If they encounter some troubles in the process of shopping, they will turn into rational shoppers

therefore, the more convenient the payment is, the better the b2c sales will be. And this one is particularly important. The biggest reason why China's sp instry has such a crazy market is the convenience of its payment

If SP's services were all payment methods of remittance to the post office, there would not be today's market. If we want to do B2C instry, we must make the payment method above the instry standard. If it is the most convenient, it is especially good for sales

6. B2C means that enterprises provide consumers with a new shopping environment through the Internet - online store, where consumers shop online and pay online. Because this mode saves the time and space of customers and enterprises, and greatly improves the transaction efficiency, especially for busy office workers, this mode can save valuable time. However, the characteristics of goods sold on the Internet are also very obvious, which are limited to some special goods, such as books, audio-visual procts, digital procts, flowers, toys and so on. These commodities demand less experience for buyers to feel, listen, touch, smell and so on. For example, clothing, sound equipment and perfume need consumers' specific sensory experience procts not suitable for sale online. Of course, they do not exclude a small number of consumers who decide to buy a certain brand of a brand without having to live experience, but such consumers are few. Especially in China, the proct quality management system is not perfect, people are more willing to believe their own experience to decide whether to buy. So far, successful enterprises in B2C market, such as Dangdang and Zhuoyue, sell some special commodities

the specific process of B2C is as follows:

1 Shopping malls generate orders -- procers accept orders -- procers send delivery notices to logistics companies -- logistics companies send delivery notices to procers -- logistics companies send delivery notices to procers -- shopping malls receive goods -- handle delivery proceres -- generate delivery notices -- shopping malls send delivery notices to procers -- procers send payment notices to shopping malls -- shopping malls transfer to banks Account: the procer

receives the payment

3. Each role carries out the work of generating financial account from the stock in and stock out

ring the process, EDI center will generate the corresponding EDI message as follows:

1 the online mall sends the order form to the manufacturer

2 the manufacturer sends the responding order form to the online mall

3 the logistics company generates the delivery notice to the online mall

4 the online mall confirms the delivery notice to the logistics company

5 the logistics company generates the delivery notice to the online mall City

6 online mall confirmation notice of arrival

of course, each front omits the time and participants, and will be automatically generated.

B2C is a kind of e-commerce classified by trading partners, that is, e-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers. This form of e-commerce is generally based on the network retail instry, mainly with the help of the Internet to carry out online sales activities. For example, the business of various books, flowers, computers, communication supplies and other commodities. The following is a brief introction to the B2C process:

register the information of each role: (store, logistics company, bank), then register in the bank and apply for a bank account:

enter your own bank - apply (customer; Store, logistics company) - Registration (the name of registration must be the same as that of registration, and the certificate code is also the code generated after registration)

after you have an account, you need to go to your own bank to deposit money (ha ha, our system can set the deposit amount by yourself)

enter the store background to purchase --- select system supplier --- select goods, Update and modify information --- pay

enter the store backstage for inventory management --- commodity warehousing --- commodity information management --- fund management --- inventory query

enter the online shopping mall purchase (must be your own mall) at the front desk --- order --- fill in order information --- select payment bank --- payment method (bank credit card payment) -- logistics distribution method (General Logistics) ---Payment (our system omits logistics, Therefore, it omits the transfer business of delivery and logistics companies)

enter the store backstage --- check inventory --- inventory management (sales delivery)

customers receive goods.

for the profit model of B2C, please refer to the following article (source: http://www.gzii.gov.cn/left2/xxh/dzsw/2001/12/24-4.htm
others can also be referred to:
http://www.zhzxcpa.com/fgcx/page tax.asp?flid=&rid=524
http://www.chinabyte.com/20011214/1427679.shtml

transaction cost analysis of B2C profit model

Author: Zhang Yifu

[source: ChinaByte]

has been thinking about a question: how can B2C profit? What's more, it's not a common profit, but an excess profit expected by investors to exceed the return of ordinary business. For the author, since this question has been raised, it is necessary to answer it. Although I dare not say that it must be the correct answer, there will at least be some new ideas, because this perspective is brand-new - transaction costs to analyze this problem
first of all, let's briefly introce the concept of "transaction cost". It was first proposed by Nobel laureate arrow in 1969. It has two definitions: broad and narrow. The author uses his broad definition here. In a broad sense, transaction cost includes all costs that do not directly occur in the process of material proction
to put it more simply by Zhang Wuchang, it's actually the cost that is not available in Robinson's one-man world. Transaction costs can be roughly divided into two types: information costs and market costs. Information cost refers to the cost of getting the necessary information to complete the transaction. For example, the time spent by consumers reading newspapers to find out where there is a store, or the advertising cost of sellers telling consumers that there is such a selling price through advertising can be regarded as information cost. As for the market cost, it refers to the cost in the process of completing the transaction, such as the transportation cost for the consumer to the store, the cost for communicating with the salesperson, and so on. These are all manifestations of the market cost
first of all, I want to make it clear that the business field itself does not create value. From the perspective of transaction costs, all that business has done is to sell goods, which is not the cost in Robinson's world, and also the cost that procers are trying to rece. Because of the proficiency brought by division of labor, on the whole, the cost and efficiency of specialized sellers must be better than that of procers. That is to say, the transaction cost of the manufacturer is higher than that of the specialized seller. And a part of the difference between the two is owned by the professional sellers in the form of profits in return for saving transaction costs
the more transaction costs that professional retailers can save, the more profits they can make. This is true in traditional business, e-commerce after e-commerce, and B2C in e-commerce is no exception. Of course, B2C can be profitable, as long as it can sell goods at a lower transaction cost than manufacturers, this is a very simple reason
for B2C, as long as we do a good job in increasing revenue and recing expenditure, several B2C websites in China have also reported that they are profitable or close to profitable. Therefore, B2C profit should not be a big deal, otherwise, we might as well go to ZhongGuanCun to resell pirated CDs, and make money faster. For B2C, the key is to get more profits than the traditional retail field, which requires B2C to sell goods at lower transaction costs than the traditional sales field. So how to do it
first of all, this paper mainly discusses how to use B2C, that is, Internet technology to improve profit margin. The analysis here does not include the use of computer equipment and software control within the company. These means can greatly rece the cost of warehousing and logistics, but this can also be done in the traditional business field, and it must not be bad in the long run. If B2C can only adopt the methods that traditional sellers can also adopt to rece costs, then what is the use of Internet
there seems to be some emptiness in the discussion out of thin air, so the author here decides to make a specific analysis through an example, that is, excellence network, which has a unique model. The details of excellence model have been discussed in many articles, so we will not introce it in detail here, so as to avoid being too lengthy
it is necessary to remind readers that books, CDs, VCDs and other audio-visual procts are the main procts of excellent sales. Even in the field of traditional commerce, the sales of these goods are relatively high profit margins. This means that once excelsior can sell goods at a lower transaction cost than the traditional business field, the profit margin that excelsior can achieve will be amazing
how to do this? The first key is that it uses the website instead of the traditional store to complete the sales, which is one of the advantages of B2C
at this key point, excelsior has saved transaction costs that have to be paid in traditional business areas in two ways. First of all, the land and the labor costs of the sales staff saved after the shops were replaced are obvious. Of course, in order to replace the shop, it must set up a website, and the establishment of this website also needs to cost. Moreover, in the initial stage, the cost is quite high, even higher than the cost saved by canceling the shop. But with the maturity of the backstage software, the rection of rental bandwidth costs and the squeeze of the internal management bubble, the cost will continue to decrease, which will eventually be lower than the cost of abolition of shops, and the difference between them will be bigger and bigger.
for this point, it also has a calculation: "the investment of a POS system similar to Shuangan shopping mall is tens of millions of yuan. Shuangan is a big shopping mall with an annual turnover of 1 billion yuan, and the investment of shopping malls with an annual turnover of about 100 million yuan is 40-5 million yuan. The total investment of Zhuoyue in purchasing servers for the website is 1 million yuan. The annual cost of purchasing 100 megabytes of bandwidth is no more than 2 million yuan. In addition to the computers, servers and bandwidth of internal staff, the total investment is about 4 million yuan. The investment of traditional shopping malls and online retailers in electronic equipment is almost the same
with the passage of time, the transaction costs that can be saved by replacing the store with the website will be more and more considerable (after the cancellation of the store, the market cost of delivery will be increased, but considering that it is generally paid by consumers, we will not discuss it here for the moment)
secondly, we must pay attention to the fact that the purchase volume of each proct is quite large
it is not easy to sell such a large quantity of goods. In the field of traditional commerce, it is often impossible for ordinary shops to sell such a single small variety and large quantity, because it is difficult to attract such a large number of consumers. Therefore, they generally adopt the chain store mode similar to Meiya audio and video, or adopt the main channel, two channels and layer upon layer channel distribution method (although the methods are different, but from the perspective of payment fees, they all generate additional market costs for sales)
let's talk about the chain mode first. Anyone who knows something about the chain instry should know that the operation of the chain instry is not an easy thing. The energy needed to run a hundred chain stores is far greater than that of running a single chain store

7.

1. Comprehensive B2C

plays its own brand influence, actively seeks new profit points and cultivates core business. For example, on the basis of the existing brand credit and with the help of the internationalization background of the parent company Amazon, we can explore the international brand purchasing business or purchase international brand proct sales and other new business. Website construction should be further refined in terms of commodity display and information system intelligence

for the relationship management of new and old customers, we need to refine the content of customer experience and provide more humanized and intuitive services. Choose better logistics partners, enhance the actual control of logistics, improve the quality of logistics distribution service

2, vertical B2C

core areas continue to tap new highlights. Actively communicate and cooperate with well-known brand manufacturers, resolve conflicts of interest with offline channel providers, expand proct lines and proct series, improve pre-sales and after-sales services, and provide diversified means of payment. In view of indivial vertical B2C operators start to set foot in different instries, the author thinks that we need to avoid the risk of diversification and capital dispersion

instead of investing in other instries, it is better to invest in the construction of logistics distribution. We can try to explore the "logistics alliance" or "collaborative logistics" mode. If funds permit, we can graally realize self logistics, ensure the quality of logistics distribution, enhance the stickiness of users, and improve the "three flows" of the website before looking for business opportunities in other instries

First of all, we should make clear the future orientation, development and goal of this mode from the strategic management level. Coordinate the interests of the enterprise's original offline channels and network platforms, and implement differentiated sales, such as online sales of all proct series, while the procts sold through traditional channels reflect regional characteristics; Implement differentiated prices, and set the prices of offline and online goods according to different time periods

online procts can also improve after-sales service through offline channels. In the aspect of proct design, we should focus on the feeling of consumers' needs. Vigorously absorb and tap the network marketing elite, cultivate e-commerce operation team, establish and improve e-commerce platform

{rrrrrrr}

extended materials:

e-commerce mode features:

1, environment

people are not limited by time, space and traditional shopping, and can trade online anytime and anywhere. By crossing time and space, we can contact more customers in a specific time, and provide us with a broader development environment

2. The market will become very small on the Internet. A business can face global consumers, and a consumer can shop in any business in the world. A business can challenge different regions, different types of buyer customer groups, online can collect rich buyer information, data analysis

Advantages e-commerce reces the intermediate links of commodity circulation, saves a lot of expenses, and greatly reces the cost of commodity circulation and transaction. Through e-commerce, enterprises can match buyers faster, realize the real integration of proction supply marketing, save resources and rece unnecessary proction waste

8.

Definition and introction:

C2C means e-commerce between indivials. For example, a consumer has an old computer, through the network transactions, it sold to another consumer, this type of transaction is called C2C e-commerce

B2C is the abbreviation of business to customer in English, and its Chinese abbreviation is "business to customer". In B2C, B is business, which means enterprise, 2 is the homophony of to, C is customer, which means consumer, so B2C is the e-commerce mode of enterprise to consumer

the main differences between C2C and B2C are as follows:

1. Different objects

B2C is enterprise to consumer e-commerce, while C2C is consumer to consumer e-commerce

2. Different procts

B2C mostly sells standardized procts and services, while C2C mostly sells non standardized goods, such as processed goods, second-hand procts, scarce goods or procts with abnormal channels (import tax rebate, parallel goods, etc.)

C2C procts are a supplement to B2C and traditional store procts. Customers may find goods that can not be bought in other ways or goods with low prices through C2C channels, but this also increases the concerns of C2C customers about proct quality< The characteristics of B2C e-commerce mode are as follows: enterprises change from commodity intermediary to commodity information intermediary, from commodity trading place to commodity distribution center, from providing popular service to providing personalized service, and from commodity management to user management

C2C e-commerce mode features: many participants, wide coverage, extremely rich proct types and quantity, very flexible transaction mode, and can widely attract users

extended materials

the payment method of B2C e-commerce is the combination of cash on delivery and online payment, while most enterprises choose logistics outsourcing to save operating costs. With the change of users' consumption habits and the promotion of excellent enterprise demonstration effect, the number of online shopping users is growing. In addition, some large-scale examinations such as the civil service examination also began to implement B2C mode. Its basic needs include user management needs, customer needs and vendor needs

C2C mode has always won by low price, but for a long time, it has been thought that "good quality and low price" procts violate the basic commercial law. No matter what kind of sales channels, the rational price system should be "one cent, one cent goods", even if the goods are sold online. C2C is just an initial strategy, whether it is China or Japan, Korea, Europe and the United States, C2C mode is difficult to become the mainstream, the demise of this mode just reflects that China's e-commerce era has graally moved from barbarism to civilization

reference source network-c2c

network-b2c