Quantum computer leads the world in computing power
with the continuous development of advanced manufacturing technologies such as CAD / CAM software processing and rapid prototyping, as well as the popularization and application of these technologies in the mold instry, a profound technological revolution is taking place in the field of mold design and manufacturing. The traditional two-dimensional design and analog processing methods are graally replaced by the digital manufacturing methods based on the three-dimensional digital definition of procts. In this technological revolution, it is the key to master the use of CAD / CAM software and apply it to the digital design and manufacturing of die. The development prospect of China's mould instry is very broad. Domestic and foreign mold and mold processing equipment manufacturers are generally optimistic about the Chinese market. With the continuous improvement of mold design quality and manufacturing requirements, and the large-scale promotion and application of CAD / CAM technology in mold manufacturing instry, a large number of mold design and manufacturing technical personnel who are familiar with the application of CAD / CAM technology are urgently needed. This is not only the most valuable wealth of an enterprise, but also the most fundamental foundation for an enterprise to go to the world and improve its proct competitiveness. At present, there is a lack of professionals in this field
it is understood that in the current severe employment situation, the supply of CAD / CAM Technical Talents in China's manufacturing instry is not in demand. November 1, 2005 "mold workers are extremely short, you might as well have a try" article reported: "the reporter learned from the Guangzhou Municipal Labor Department that at present, the mold instry scale in the Pearl River Delta region accounts for about 1 / 3 of the country, but the mold workers gap has exceeded 100000. Mold instry is one of the main instries of machinery manufacturing, and it is also a major instry that the State encourages foreign investment. With the transfer of manufacturing center to China after China's accession to WTO, the mold instry is expected to usher in 30% growth. " Guangdong mold instry association pointed out that there are more than 60000 mold enterprises in Guangdong Province, and there is a great demand for mold professionals, especially senior mold professionals. In 2005, the monthly salary of mold senior class graates reached more than 3000 yuan. After working for several years, it was no problem that the monthly salary rose to 8000 yuan.
in short,
quantum computer is to replace the original ordinary bits with quantum bits
from the physical level, quantum computers are not based on ordinary transistors, but use spin direction controlled particles (such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance) or polarization direction controlled photons (mostly used in school experiments) as carriers. Of course, in theory, any multi-level system can be used as the carrier of qubits
from the perspective of calculation principle, the input state of quantum computer can be either discrete eigenstate (like traditional computer) or superposition state (probability superposition of several different states). The operation of information is extended from traditional logic operations such as "and", "or", "and" to any unitary transformation, and the output can also be superposition state or an eigenstate. So quantum computer will be more flexible and can realize parallel computing< If you want to explain the details, it's a bit troublesome. I'll give you some key words to look up:
1. Quantum state
2. Quantum superposition
3, qubit
4, unitary transformation
5, quantum logic
6, quantum gate (corresponding to traditional logic gate, In fact, it is some special positive transformation)
7, quantum algorithm, quantum algorithm (of course, quantum computer can also realize the traditional algorithm)
8, and then on how to realize from the physical level, it is best to start with quantum optics, because polarized photons are the simplest
in depth:
ordinary digital computers run on binary systems of 0 and 1, which are called "bits". But quantum computers are far more powerful. They can operate on qubits and can compute values between 0 and 1. Suppose an atom placed in a magnetic field rotates like a top, so its axis of rotation can point up or down. Common sense tells us that the rotation of atoms can be up or down, but not all at the same time. But in the strange world of quantum, the atom is described as the sum of two states, an upward turning atom and a downward turning atom. In the wonderful world of quantum, every object is described by the sum of all the incredible states
imagine a string of atoms arranged in a magnetic field and rotating in the same way. If a laser beam is shining on the top of the atoms, it will jump down the group of atoms and quickly flip the rotation axis of some atoms. By measuring the difference between the incoming and outgoing laser beams, we have completed a complex quantum "calculation", involving a lot of rapid spin movement
from the perspective of mathematical abstraction, quantum computer performs the calculation with set as the basic operation unit, while ordinary computer performs the calculation with element as the basic operation unit (if there is only one element in the set, quantum calculation is no different from classical calculation)
take the function y = f (x), X ∈ a as an example. The input parameter of quantum computation is the domain a, and the output domain B is obtained in one step, that is, B = f (a); The input parameter of classical calculation is x, and the output value y is obtained. The range B can only be obtained by multiple calculations, that is, y = f (x), X ∈ a, y ∈ B
quantum computer has a problem to be solved, that is, the output range B can only randomly take out a valid value y. Although the number of elements in output set B is much less than that in input set a by directing the unwanted output to an empty set, it still needs to be calculated many times when all the valid values need to be taken out.
in quantum computing, Google has always been regarded as a "leader". Previously, Google has built a 9 qubit machine and plans to increase it to 49 qubits this year to achieve "quantum supremacy". But now, IBM has taken the lead in this achievement, developing a 50 qubit computer
quantum measurement is not a hot spot. On the one hand, quantum measurement can achieve high-precision measurement beyond the classical measurement limit, on the other hand, it can achieve various kinds of measurement that cannot be completed by classical methods. For example, the traditional optical measurement of the distance between two similar objects is subject to the optical "Rayleigh scattering limit", and its accuracy is still hundreds of nanometers, which is far greater than the imaging accuracy required by the current scientific research of physics, chemistry, materials, biology and so on.
the successful launch of the "tianwen-1" Mars probe, the completion of the beidou-3 global navigation satellite system, the launch of the long march-2 launch vehicle, the successful launch of the lunar exploration project chang'e-5 probe, and the opening of the Lianhuai Yangzhen railway Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system is composed of 30 satellites, including 24 mid circle earth orbit satellites, 3 geostationary orbit satellites and 3 inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites
beidou-3 satellite navigation system provides two service modes, namely open service and authorized service. The open service is to provide free positioning, speed measurement and time service in the service area. The positioning accuracy is 10m, the time service accuracy is 50ns, and the speed measurement accuracy is 0.2m/s
authorization service is to provide more secure positioning, speed measurement, timing and communication services as well as system integrity information to authorized users
on June 23, 2020, the last global networking satellite of beidou-3 was launched at Xichang Satellite Launch Center. On the morning of July 31, the completion and opening ceremony of beidou-3 global satellite navigation system was held in Beijing
On August 6, 2020, China successfully launched gaofen-9-04 satellite into orbit with the long march-2-d carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center At 4:30 on November 24, 2020, China successfully launched the chang'e-5 probe of the lunar exploration project with the long March-5 remote-5 carrier rocket at the Wenchang space launch site of China. After about 2200 seconds of flight, Shunli put the probe into the predetermined orbit and started the first sampling return journey of extraterrestrial objects in China Lianhuaiyang Town Railway is a high-speed railway connecting Lianyungang City to Zhenjiang City in Jiangsu Province, is a north-south high-speed railway in Jiangsu Province, is an important channel through southern, central and Northern Jiangsu, is an important part of the central and Northern Jiangsu railway networkon December 11, 2020, the huaidan section of Lianzhen high-speed railway (from Huaian east station to Dantu station) was completed and opened to traffic, marking that the whole line of Lianzhen high-speed railway was completed and opened to traffic
Quantum research started very early. The earliest countries are the United States and some European countries. In the field of quantum research, these countries have been at an advanced level. However, in recent years, Chinese scientists have made achievements in their efforts. Our quantum scientific research has surpassed our competitors in many fields and started to take the lead{ RRRRR}
China has carried out systematic research and layout in quantum computing. Now we can use ultracold atoms to carry out practical quantum simulation technology. These technologies are at the world's advanced level. Therefore, China has graally come to the world's advanced level in quantum technology, and we believe that it will be more successful in the future
In the micro scale, a qubit can be in multiple states at the same time, unlike the traditional computer, the bit can only be in one of the 0 and 1 states
These properties make quantum computers far more powerful than traditional computers. In 2015, Google and other organizations announced that their "d-wave" quantum simulator can solve some problems 100 million times faster than traditional computers. Although it is not considered as a real quantum computer, the great potential of quantum computing has been revealedquantum computing needs to overcome a series of problems, such as environmental noise, bit error and universal quantum error correction with fault tolerance
in order to speed up the entry into the quantum computer camp, governments have increased investment. In 2016, the European Union announced that it would invest 1 billion euro to support quantum computing research, and the US government alone would invest 350 million US dollars a year. At present, China is preparing to build the National Laboratory of quantum information, with a total investment of about 7 billion yuan in the first phase
If "quantum hegemony" is realized, human computing power will usher in a leap, and then it will be promoted in many fields. Some instry giants have focused on the future application of quantum computing: Alibaba has established a quantum computing laboratory; CAS cooperates with Alibaba cloud to release quantum computing cloud platform; IBM also announced last year that it plans to build IBM Q, the instry's first commercial universal quantum computing platform. It also plans to cooperate with JPMorgan Chase and other companies to launch its first quantum computing application in the financial field by 2021
On October 11, Alibaba cloud and the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced the launch of a quantum computing cloud platform at the "cloud habitat conference" held in Hangzhou, and successfully implemented the entanglement of ten superconcting qubits for the first time. According to the introction, a series of achievements on quantum computing research have been published in nature Photonics and other international authoritative academic journals
According to analysts, the breakthrough in the field of quantum computing also means that China has achieved a global leading position in the field of quantum technology, which is divided into two fields: quantum communication and quantum computing“ The launch of "quantum satellite" means that China has already ranked first in the world in the field of quantum communication without dispute, while the breakthrough in quantum computer means that China is in the forefront of the world in these two sub fieldsI hope China can keep ahead in the field of quantum computing
Single photon source is the core resource of optical quantum information technology. Recently, pan Jianwei, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of the University of science and technology of China, led by Lu Chaoyang and Huo Yongheng, and cooperated with a number of domestic, German and Danish scholars to put forward a new theoretical scheme for the first time in the world, successfully realizing a single photon source with definite polarization, high purity, high homogeneity and high efficiency in narrow-band and broadband microcavity, It lays an important scientific foundation for optical quantum computer to surpass classical computer. Recently, nature photonics, an international authoritative academic journal, published this achievement, evaluating that it has "solved a long-standing challenge"
in February this year, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of science and technology said at the press conference of the state information office that China's new science and technology planning system will focus on supporting the future basic research in quantum communication and other aspects. According to market analysis, China is in the leading position in the research and instrial application of quantum communication technology. Once more technological breakthroughs are achieved in the future, its market space will be very broad
the concept of quantum computer technology was first proposed by Richard Feynman. After many years of research, this technology has achieved initial results
Los Alamos, MIT, IBM, Stanford University, Wuhan Institute of physics and Tsinghua University have implemented seven qubit quantum algorithm demonstrations
in 2001, scientists successfully factorized 15 on a 15 qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer using the Schull algorithm< In 2005, scientists at the University of Michigan used semiconctor chips to realize ion trap
in February 2007, d-wave systems of Canada announced the successful development of a 16 bit superconcting quantum computer, but its role is limited to solving some optimization problems, which is still quite different from the quantum computer that can run various quantum algorithms recognized by the scientific community
in 2009, scientists at Yale University built the first solid-state quantum processor
on November 15, 2009, the world's first programmable universal quantum computer was officially born in the United States. In the same year, scientists from the University of Bristol developed a quantum computer chip based on quantum optics, which can run scholl algorithm
on March 31, 2010, the German Research Center published a communique: the German supercomputer successfully simulated the 42 bit quantum computer, and the supercomputer jugene of the center successfully simulated the 42 bit quantum computer. On this basis, researchers were able to carefully study the characteristics of the high bit quantum computer system for the first time
in April 2011, a scientific research team with members from Australia and Japan made a breakthrough in quantum communication and realized the complete transmission of quantum information. On May 11, 2011, d-wave System Inc. of Canada released a computing device called "d-wave one", which is known as "the world's first commercial quantum computer". Whether the quantum device really realizes quantum computing has not been widely recognized by the academic community. In September of the same year, scientists proved that quantum computers can be implemented with von Neumann architecture. In November of the same year, scientists factorized 143 using four qubits
in February 2012, IBM claimed to have made several breakthroughs in quantum computing realized by superconcting integrated circuits. In April of the same year, a multi-national scientific research team developed a two qubit quantum computer based on diamond, which can run Grover algorithm. In 95% database search tests, the correct answer can be obtained in one search. The research results provide the possibility for the realization of small volume quantum computer which can work normally at room temperature. In September of the same year, an Australian research team realized the qubit based on a single silicon atom, which provided the basis for the manufacture of quantum memory. In November of the same year, the quantum transition phenomenon in macroscopic objects was observed for the first time
in May 2013, d-wave System Inc announced that NASA and Google jointly ordered a d-wave two quantum computer with 512 qubits. On June 8, 2013, the team of quantum optics and quantum information led by academician pan Jianwei of University of science and technology of China successfully realized the experiment of solving linear equations with quantum computer for the first time. The relevant results were published in physics review express published on June 7, 2013. The reviewers commented that "the experimental work is novel and important", and that "this algorithm is one of the most promising applications of quantum information technology". According to the introction, linear equations are widely used in almost every field of science and engineering. In daily weather forecast, it is necessary to establish and solve linear equations containing millions of variables to realize the simulation and prediction of atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity and other physical parameters. High accuracy weather forecast needs to solve the equations with massive data. If you want to solve the equations with billions of variables, even using the world's fastest supercomputer will take at least several hundred years. Seth Lloyd, a professor of Massachusetts Institute of technology, proposed a quantum algorithm for solving linear equations. The quantum computer using GHz clock frequency will only take 10 seconds. The research team has developed the world's leading multiphoton entanglement manipulation technology. The success of the experiment indicates that China has maintained a leading position in the field of optical quantum computing in the world.