Expression of computational power

1. E-coin is a kind of virtual currency born in the Internet, which can support the point-to-point payment function. It is assumed that e-coin can circulate among countries, barter platforms, and enterprises. It is a widely used token that can realize the point-to-point payment through the Internet in the barter process, and has made the "currency" function for the global circulation of the barter instry
the birth of e-coin: e-coin originated in Germany, which is one of the most mature and developed countries in the world trade. It is also the first country to recognize and use virtual currency (bitcoin) and one of the important allies of the United States. In the future, the trend of global virtual currency will inevitably prevail. Germany took the lead in recognizing the legal status of bitcoin, and at the same time launched the global plan of e-coin in time. In the future, global economic integration is also an inevitable trend, and barter instry will graally extend to every corner of the world, so e-coin was born under this inevitable development trend
issue of e-coin: e-coin is issued by research on Social Economic Science (eoses) under the Ministry of finance of Germany. It is planned to issue 6.75 million copies to the world from 2014 to 2017, including 3.6 million copies in the first year, 1.8 million copies in the second year, 900000 copies in the third year and 450000 copies in the fourth year. The total number of issues per year is distributed on an average of 360 days (of which no issue is made on December 27-31 of each year). The circulation in the first year is 1000 / day, 500 / day in the second year, 250 / day in the third year and 125 / day in the fourth year. Due to the limitation of the total amount and the continuous rection of the quantity, with the increasing demand of e-coin graally entering the barter platform in the future, it will lay the foundation for the destined appreciation of e-coin. According to the rough calculation of the total transaction volume of the global barter platform by the eoses experimental group, the highest price of e-coin will be stable at US $10000 and RMB 60000 to meet the demand of barter token circulation. The German Ministry of Finance intends to confirm the legal status of the e-special currency after the price of the e-special currency is stable at US $5000
mining of e-coin: e-coin is composed of 64 base encryption algorithm data. Each coin will be divided into three decimal places at most, and it exists and circulates with the Internet in the form of original code. Every coin needs a computer online to "mine" through the computing power of the computer to obtain e-coin. Because each e-coin has its own code composition, there is no possibility that the issuing institution has a large number of e-coins. Although there are issuing institutions, they are also among the nodes of the Internet all over the world. Moreover, "mining" is limited according to the fixed issuing time of e-coins, and no indivial or organization can obtain more than 51% of the e-coins, Therefore, it not only solves 51% of the risk, but also is a kind of decentralized currency. At the same time, the eoses experimental group issued the e-special currency under the supervision and management of the financial department, which relatively guaranteed the basis for the standardized and stable operation of the e-special currency. The total amount of e-coin issued every day is limited, but it does not mean that the total amount of e-coin issued on that day will be mined out. E-coin is based on the sum of the computing power of all mining computers on that day to determine whether the amount of ore pool is mined out on that day. If the total amount issued on that day is not mined, it will be accumulated to the next day's total ore pool and mined together.

2. There are two ways to cultivate students' estimation consciousness. On the one hand, in the teaching process, we should consciously infiltrate the idea of estimation, let the students guess the mathematical laws with estimation, test the idea of solving problems with estimation, and test the result of solving problems with estimation, so as to run the idea of estimation through the whole teaching process and make the students strengthen the consciousness of estimation imperceptibly. On the other hand, let the students use estimation as much as possible to solve some problems closely related to life, and estimate according to the actual situation in life< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate, subtract, and seek quotient with pithy formula, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. For another example, the methods of carry plus and abdication minus should be explained clearly, so that students can understand them thoroughly, so that they can correctly and skillfully use the method of calculation< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
(1) cultivate students' habit of making drafts. It is a common phenomenon that students don't like to draft when they are calculating. The teacher assigned calculation problems, some students directly oral calculation, some in the book, table or other places, write one or two vertical, as a draft, these are bad calculation habits. Most of the calculation problems, except for a few students who can actually calculate the results directly by mouth, most students probably don't have this ability. In view of this situation, I ask the students to prepare special drafts and make them conscientiously. At the same time, I often go down from the platform to the students in class, and strictly urge the students to implement them. Over time, the students will graally develop this good habit
(2) cultivate students' good habit of careful writing and standard format.
students' habit of careful writing is usually formed. When students do questions, remind them to be careful, see clearly the meaning of the questions, see clearly the data provided by the questions, speak out the quantitative relationship according to the requirements of the questions, and correctly list the formulas for calculation, In the aspect of writing format, students are also required to be meticulous and answer questions according to the correct format. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. Students are required to proofread the copied questions carefully, from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. The checking methods I teach students to calculate are: one pair of copied questions, two pairs of vertical, three pairs of answers. The method of checking questions is to see and think twice. That is: first, look at the whole formula, which is composed of several parts, and think about how to calculate according to the general method; Let's see if there are any special conditions. Let's see if we can use a simple method to calculate. Do not blindly carry out simple calculation, avoid 15 + 5 × 5), which is wrongly calculated as 20 × 1 －0.5< In a word, in primary school mathematics teaching, the purpose of cultivating students' computational ability is not only to improve students' computational ability, but also to improve the development of students' thinking ability, lay the foundation for students' subsequent learning and the improvement of overall mathematical literacy, It depends on the clarity of students' calculation ideas and the rationality and flexibility of calculation methods. It depends on the formation of students' good learning habits and the continuous development of cognitive level. The key lies in Teachers' expectation, motivation, training and cultivation. Therefore, computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.

3. I hope the following answers can help you:
1. Strengthen the teaching of basic knowledge and basic skills, and improve the accuracy of calculation.
the basic knowledge in mathematics is the basis of calculation, which has guiding significance for calculation. The basic knowledge is confused, fuzzy, and the basic knowledge is not solid. In the past, it is the root cause of calculation errors, Therefore, to strengthen and implement the double base teaching is a very practical problem to improve the operation ability, which requires students to do:
(1) memorize some important data formulas and rules, because accuracy is the basic requirement of operation, and correct memory formulas and rules are the premise of accurate operation. Among the mathematical concepts, formulas, rules and properties, some are the basis of operation, explaining the reasons for "why it can be done like this", and some are the methods and steps of operation. It gives the proceres of how to do, that is, algorithms. Students learn the relevant concepts, properties and formulas, and memorize, rules and steps on the basis of understanding, Then, through a series of operation activities (i.e. practice), some kind of operation skills are graally formed
(2) correctly understand the concepts and definitions, and master the derivation of formulas. Only by understanding the derivation of some concepts and formulas, can we achieve the positive, reverse and flexible use of formulas, so as to improve the computing ability. The reason of incorrect operation in mathematics learning is often the result of fuzzy concept, formula, rule forgetting, confusion or rigid application
2. Strengthen the reasoning training of scientific system to improve the rapidity of operation
the poor operation ability is often caused by the weak thinking ability. In teaching, we should strengthen the reasoning training on the basis of students' mastering the basic knowledge. In normal practice, we should make sure that there is a basis step by step, there are sufficient reasons, and pay attention to the sequence of operation. Generally, we should pay attention to the following aspects:
1) training must be orderly. Practice must be planned and carried out step by step. In mathematics teaching, practice can be divided into three stages: first, imitation practice stage. This is an exercise carried out under the example demonstration of the teacher after learning the new knowledge. The difficulty of the selected exercises is not high and the change is not big. Students are required to operate according to the steps and rules of the examples to ensure the correctness of the operation. At this time, it is not appropriate to put forward the speed requirements; Second, the mastery stage. This is a study organized on the basis of students' preliminary mastery of knowledge and skills. The difficulty of the exercises is appropriately increased, and the forms of the exercises are changed. Students are not only required to operate correctly, but also required to summarize and summarize the process, basis and methods of operation after obtaining the correct answers, so as to promote the operation mode to the theoretical level; Third, comprehensive application stage. At this time, we can choose some difficult comprehensive questions to train students' ability to determine the direction of operation and flexibly use the rules
(2) carry out variant exercises. In order to make students skillful, we must organize variant exercises. The so-called variant practice is the change of concepts and rules under the condition that other effective learning conditions remain unchanged. For mathematical operations, it is to change the non essential characteristics of the problem and keep its structural components unchanged. The concrete ways include the change of expression of mathematical sentences, the exchange of conditions and conclusions, the change of problems and backgrounds, etc
(3) understand the effect of practice in time and correct the mistakes in practice in time. In ability practice, it is an effective way to let students know the effect of practice in time. Psychological research shows that if the following feedback information is provided to the students who are carrying out the ability training: ① know the score of each exercise; ② encourage and urge them continuously in the process of practice; ③ analyze the mistakes in practice, then the practice effect will be significantly improved. This is because, on the one hand, students know the problem according to the feedback information, so as to adjust the learning activities and make the practice more effective; On the other hand, it also increases learning motivation to strive for better results or avoid making similar mistakes again
3. The training of thinking flexibility in the process of operation
because mathematical operation is an intelligent operation with clear direction and in line with certain rules, after a certain amount of practice, this kind of operation experience will form a fixed reaction mode and play a tendentious role in the selection of operation direction in subsequent learning, This is the "set" phenomenon in learning. When the formed inertial thinking is consistent with the way to solve new problems, it can quickly respond and get the correct answer. The phenomenon of "shrinking" and "skipping" appears in the process of calculation. This is the positive role of the fixed trend, and also the sign of students mastering knowledge and skills. For example, through the study of "quadratic equation of one variable", students have mastered the skills of using formula method and factorization method to solve quadratic equation of one variable. In the later study of quadratic function, when they encounter the operations related to quadratic equation of one variable, they will quickly make the correct response. When the conventional way of thinking is not completely consistent with or contrary to the solution of new problems, it can not be solved in a simple and flexible way, and the operation process is tedious and tedious, which leads to the wrong solution of the problem. This is the negative effect of stereotype. In practical teaching, we should overcome and prevent the negative effect of "stereotype" and cultivate the flexibility of students' calculation
4. Pay attention to cultivate students' ability of operation rationality
reasonable calculation is to make full use of operation law, proct invariance and quotient invariance, change the data and order of operation, and make the operation as simple, fast and correct as possible. The cultivation of students' simple operation ability is not only the improvement of operation ability, because in the process of cultivation, it must involve the cultivation of observation ability, inctive ability and other abilities, so the cultivation of simple operation ability is actually the cultivation of comprehensive ability. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate students' overall view of mathematical operation. Before calculation, students should have an overall view of the overall situation. They should grasp the steps of operation, what should be calculated first and then, what are the characteristics of the numbers in the title, and what contains information, etc.

4. Calculation is a basic skill that every middle school student must master. However, in the normal teaching process, we find that students' calculation ability is generally poor. Many children in the calculation, the lack of basic calculation skills and good calculation habits, always think it is "careless", "careless", "not pay attention" to cause calculation errors, lack of attention, students calculate a low success rate. So how to improve students' computing ability? 1、 Analysis and thinking of the external reasons: 1, junior high school curriculum reform weakened the requirements of calculation; 2. The extensive use of calculator weakens the operation consciousness; 3. Students' burden rection, happy ecation and other teaching ideas hinder the healthy development of students' computing ability; 4. The teacher's teaching strength on operation is not enough, and he pays more attention to thinking than operation. Internal reasons: 1. Don't pay attention to the knowledge reserve, don't pay attention to the foundation, don't pay attention to the inction, reflection and summary of mathematical thinking methods. 2. The concept is vague, students are easy to make mistakes because of the fuzzy concept. 3. The formula and nature memory is not accurate. 4. The data processing ability (calculation, sorting, screening, classification discussion, etc.) is poor, 6. Lack of awareness of testing, reflection and summary of calculation problems. 7. Not careful examination, poor expression ability and nonstandard writing. 8. Poor calculation habit, eager for success and careless. This leads me to think? According to the actual situation of students, how to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, take corresponding countermeasures, consciously train and cultivate them. So that students can master the basic calculation skills, have good calculation habits, so as to help students improve the accuracy of calculation? 2、 Strategies to solve the problem: 1; 2. Limited time to do questions; 3. Do the questions in a standard way, and don't jump; 4. Make good use of straw paper; 5. Correct the wrong questions and analyze the reasons; 6. Using simple and reasonable method to do the calculation, so as to improve the accuracy of one-time calculation; 7. Improve the speed of solving problems and the ability of solving problems; 8. Cultivate students' good habit of solving problems and interest in learning mathematics;

5. Calculation can be seen everywhere in life. In primary school, calculation teaching runs through the whole process of mathematics teaching, which shows the importance of calculation teaching. But the accuracy of primary school students' calculation is often affected by students' interest, attitude, will, habits and other factors. When doing calculation problems, students generally have the attitude of contempt. Some calculation problems are caused by lack of concentration, wrong ing, careless calculation and no checking. In the teaching of computing, I pay more attention to the cultivation of students' good computing ability. I put forward it from the following aspects to share with you< First, cultivate students' interest in computing

"interest is the best teacher". In the teaching of calculation, we should first stimulate students' interest in calculation, make them happy to learn and do, teach them to calculate with oral, written and calculation tools, and master certain calculation methods, so as to achieve the goal of accurate and fast calculation
pay attention to the form of training, stimulate interest in computing. In order to improve students' interest in calculation, we can make students practice some oral arithmetic by combining teaching with daily teaching content. While emphasizing calculation, we should pay attention to the diversification of training forms. Such as: training with games, competitions, etc; Use cards and small blackboards to see and listen; Limited time oral calculation, self compiled calculation problems, etc. Various forms of training can not only improve students' interest in calculation, but also cultivate students' good habit of calculation
stimulate interest with typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians or short stories related to classroom teaching content. In teaching, it is necessary to enumerate the typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians at the right time, or use the little stories that students love to see and hear to add the classroom atmosphere and attract students' attention, which can stimulate students' hobbies and interests in mathematics learning, make students concentrate on calculation, and improve the learning effect in class< Second, cultivate strong will
the cultivation of students' strong will will has a good promoting effect on students' ability to carry out accurate and fast calculation for a long time
practice every day. In the teaching of calculation, oral arithmetic is the basis of written arithmetic. According to the daily teaching content, some oral arithmetic training can be carried out timely and appropriately. In our class, 20 questions of oral arithmetic training every day has become the habit of students. Through the long-term persistent training, not only the students' strong will is cultivated, but also their computing ability is improved
in view of the weakness that primary school students only like to do simple calculation problems, but do not like to do or do not do slightly complex calculation, simple calculation and other problems, we should be good at finding primary school students' thinking obstacles in teaching, and overcome the psychological factors that affect students' correct calculation. It can be practiced in various ways, such as "interesting problem solving", "clever calculation competition", encouraging students to solve more than one problem and so on< Third, cultivate students' good calculation habits
good computing habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' computing ability. Therefore, teachers should strictly require students to listen to the class seriously, think seriously, finish their homework seriously and independently, and review before practice. They should study hard and carefully in practice. They should not easily ask others or rush to verify the number. We should also develop the habit of self-examination, checking calculation and correcting mistakes
teachers also need to strengthen the guidance of writing format. Standardized writing format can express students' operation ideas, calculation methods and steps, and prevent mistakes and omissions in numbers and operation symbols. Teachers should set an example for students. Such as: problem-solving teaching, examination before, analysis after. Clear thinking and clear hierarchy; The writing on the blackboard is concise and focused
when cultivating students' good calculation habits, teachers should be patient and persistent, unify methods and requirements, persevere and grasp them to the end
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. Only the joint efforts of teachers and students can achieve results.

6. After entering the society, there are many abilities that you must master. Survival ability is a skill that enables you to overcome difficulties. Working ability enables you to take up this position when you are working. Adaptability enables you to quickly adapt to the new environment. Thinking ability enables you to have in-depth thinking, competitiveness, innovation, communication, teamwork and so on, There are so many.

7. The first stage (Grade 1-3) 1. Combined with specific situations, experience the significance of four arithmetic operations of integers.
2. Be proficient in oral arithmetic of addition and subtraction within 20 and multiplication and division within the table, addition and subtraction within 100 and multiplication and division of one digit by two digits.
3. Be able to calculate addition and subtraction of three digits, multiplication of one digit by three digits and multiplication of two digits by two digits, 3-digit divided by 1-digit division.
4. Know the parentheses and be able to carry out simple mixed operation of four integers (two steps).
5. Be able to add and subtract fractions with the same denominator (denominator less than 10) and add and subtract fractions with one digit.
6. Be able to estimate in combination with specific situations,
7. Experience the process of communicating with others about their own algorithms.
8. Be able to solve simple problems in life by using numbers and number operations, and explain the practical significance of the results.
second stage (grade 4-6)
1. Be able to calculate the multiplication of three digits by two digits, and the division of three digits by two digits.
2, Be able to carry out simple integer four mixed operations (mainly in two steps, no more than three steps).
3. Explore and understand the operation law (commutative law and associative law of addition, commutative law and associative law of multiplication, and distributive law of multiplication to addition), and be able to use the operation law to carry out some simple operations.
4 The inverse relationship between multiplication and division.
5. Be able to carry out simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and mixed operation of decimal and fraction (excluding fraction).
6. Be able to solve simple practical problems of decimal, fraction and percentage.
7. In specific situation, understand the common quantity relationship: total price = unit price × Quantity, distance = speed × Time, and can solve simple practical problems.
8. Experience the process of communicating with others, and can express their own ideas.
9. In the process of solving problems, can choose the appropriate method to estimate.
10. With the help of calculator, can solve simple practical problems, and explore simple rules

8. That's a magic operator.
we think Froude is so powerful

9. The ability of thinking and understanding depends entirely on personal ability and social ability, mainly on experience. It is suggested to read more books and communicate more with people. At the same time, do not worry about the ability to improve, is a long-term process. Patience, persistence, you will become better and better