Distributed decentralized database technology
Publish: 2021-04-16 08:42:06
1. Sharing from regional TV network: in a system with many nodes, each node has a high degree of autonomy. Nodes can connect freely to each other to form a new connection unit. Any node may become the stage center, but it does not have the mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form nonlinear causality through the network. This open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called & quot; Decentralization & quot;.
2.
In a system with many nodes, each node has a high degree of autonomy. Nodes can connect freely to each other to form a new connection unit. Any node may become the stage center, but it does not have the mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form nonlinear causality through the network. This open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization
with the deepening of the interaction between subject and object, the continuous balance of cognitive function and the continuous improvement of cognitive structure, indivials can be released from the egocentric state, which is called decentralization
3. Compared with the traditional centralized storage and centralized cloud services, the two complement each other and expand the market of data storage and computing, which will constitute the two cornerstones of the future digital economy. China has efficient, stable and cheap power and network infrastructure, which provides sufficient soil for the development of decentralized cloud computing. Taking IPFs as an example, 90% of the total network computing power of IPFs is located in China. In the future, China will become the leader of IPFs. Taking xnmatrix as an example, it has become a global computing power leading decentralized cloud computing platform.
4. Chongqing jinwowo network: decentralization, which is different from the traditional way of centralization. There is no center, or everyone is the center; Distributed ledger database means that the recording method is not only to store the ledger data in each node, but also to share and the data of the whole ledger synchronously. At the same time, blockchain also has the characteristics of disintermediation and information transparency.
5. "Blockchain is a shared distributed database technology, and its advantages are mainly manifested in three aspects: distributed decentralization, no need to trust the system, tamper proof and encryption security."
first, the meaning of blockchain technology
blockchain technology is a kind of technology that uses decentralized consensus mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed and tamper proof ledger database. It can enable the participants in the blockchain to realize a unified ledger system without establishing a trust relationship. The block is a public account book, which needs multi-point maintenance; Chain is covered with timestamps, which can not be forged. Blockchain is essentially a technology that focuses on security and credibility rather than efficiency
at present, there is a database behind all systems, that is, a large account book. So it's very important who keeps this account book. Now, whose system is who will keep accounts, and the bank accounts are the records of each bank, and Alipay's account is Ali. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. If there are new transaction data changes in a certain period of time, everyone in the system can make bookkeeping. The system will judge the fastest and best bookkeeper in this period, write the recorded content into the account book, and send the content of the account book to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete account book
as a result, the data becomes very secure. Tamperers need to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. The cost of such tampering is so high that it is almost impossible. For example, bitcoin has been running for more than seven years, and countless hackers around the world have tried to attack bitcoin, but so far there have been no trading errors. It can be considered that bitcoin blockchain has been proved to be a safe and reliable system. Therefore, it can be considered that blockchain technology is a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping, and what it will bring is the innovation of bookkeeping.
first, the meaning of blockchain technology
blockchain technology is a kind of technology that uses decentralized consensus mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed and tamper proof ledger database. It can enable the participants in the blockchain to realize a unified ledger system without establishing a trust relationship. The block is a public account book, which needs multi-point maintenance; Chain is covered with timestamps, which can not be forged. Blockchain is essentially a technology that focuses on security and credibility rather than efficiency
at present, there is a database behind all systems, that is, a large account book. So it's very important who keeps this account book. Now, whose system is who will keep accounts, and the bank accounts are the records of each bank, and Alipay's account is Ali. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. If there are new transaction data changes in a certain period of time, everyone in the system can make bookkeeping. The system will judge the fastest and best bookkeeper in this period, write the recorded content into the account book, and send the content of the account book to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete account book
as a result, the data becomes very secure. Tamperers need to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. The cost of such tampering is so high that it is almost impossible. For example, bitcoin has been running for more than seven years, and countless hackers around the world have tried to attack bitcoin, but so far there have been no trading errors. It can be considered that bitcoin blockchain has been proved to be a safe and reliable system. Therefore, it can be considered that blockchain technology is a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping, and what it will bring is the innovation of bookkeeping.
6. To some extent, the database is the core of the whole system, which is not an exaggeration. The selection of the database is related to all aspects of the implementation of the upper business code. Now the popular architecture scheme is the micro service of the upper business logic, and combined with distributed cache. This framework can basically achieve the elastic expansion of the upper business, However, it is difficult to decentralize the bottom data storage (unless the RDBMS is removed from the whole stack and NoSQL is adopted). Therefore, RDBMS is often the bottleneck of the whole system
in the long-term struggle, we have summed up many ways to expand the bottom relational database:
1. Master slave, one master and many slaves, double write, temporary request through queue... These solutions actually do not solve the problem, write is still a single point, and the challenge for DBA is relatively large, we will not discuss it today
2. Through sharding middleware, common open source solutions include Cobar, tddl, Vites, kingshard, MYCAT, etc. the idea of these solutions is to intercept SQL requests, forward / broadcast requests to different MySQL instances through sharding key and certain rules, so as to achieve the effect of horizontal expansion. This solution basically solves the problem of single point writing, For the business, the overall throughput has also come up, which seems good. This solution is the solution for most business to meet the performance bottleneck, but there are also some disadvantages:
1) most middleware do not solve the problem of dynamic expansion, and mostly adopt static routing strategy. The expansion is generally in the state of manual X2, which requires higher requirements for DBA
2) to a certain extent, they all give up the transaction. This is because a statement may involve multiple database instances. It is difficult to implement distributed transaction, which we will introce in detail later
3) it is not transparent to business and needs to specify sharding key, which is a heavy mental burden
in the long-term struggle, we have summed up many ways to expand the bottom relational database:
1. Master slave, one master and many slaves, double write, temporary request through queue... These solutions actually do not solve the problem, write is still a single point, and the challenge for DBA is relatively large, we will not discuss it today
2. Through sharding middleware, common open source solutions include Cobar, tddl, Vites, kingshard, MYCAT, etc. the idea of these solutions is to intercept SQL requests, forward / broadcast requests to different MySQL instances through sharding key and certain rules, so as to achieve the effect of horizontal expansion. This solution basically solves the problem of single point writing, For the business, the overall throughput has also come up, which seems good. This solution is the solution for most business to meet the performance bottleneck, but there are also some disadvantages:
1) most middleware do not solve the problem of dynamic expansion, and mostly adopt static routing strategy. The expansion is generally in the state of manual X2, which requires higher requirements for DBA
2) to a certain extent, they all give up the transaction. This is because a statement may involve multiple database instances. It is difficult to implement distributed transaction, which we will introce in detail later
3) it is not transparent to business and needs to specify sharding key, which is a heavy mental burden
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