Super calculation
2018 and 2019 are the top years of the United States
on November 12, 2018, a new issue of the global top 500 supercomputers list was released in Dallas, the United States. The "apex" of supercomputers in the United States won the championship again. The total number of supercomputers on the list in China still ranks first, which is further increased compared with the previous issue, accounting for more than 45% of the total supercomputers on the list. China's supercomputing "Shenwei · light of Taihu Lake" and "Tianhe 2" ranked third and fourth respectively
on November 19, 2019, a new issue of the global top 500 supercomputers list came out, and the US supercomputer "apex" won the championship again, while China continued to expand its leading advantage in quantity and further narrowed its gap with the US in terms of total computing power
there is no change in the top ten of the new list. The U.S. supercomputer "zenith" has reached the top again with 1.486 billion floating-point operations per second. The second place is the U.S. supercomputer "ridge". China's supercomputer "Shenwei · light of Taihu Lake" and "tianhe-2" rank third and fourth respectively
in terms of the number on the list, there are 228 super computers in China, ranking the first in the list, 9 more than half a year ago; The United States ranked second with 117. From the perspective of total calculation power, the proportion of American Super calculation is 37.1%, and that of China is 32.3%
extended data:
vertex performance data
summit supercomputer uses IBM Power9 microprocessor and NVIDIA Volta GPU for mathematical collaborative processing. Summit's predecessor, Titan supercomputer, has more than 18000 nodes, while summit will have about 3400 nodes. Each node will have at least 500GB of coherent memory and 800gb of nonvolatile memory
The original performance ofsummit supercomputer is 150 petaflops, and the delivery performance is 200 petaflops. The performance index of taihulight supercomputer in China is 93 petaflops, and the peak performance is 124.5 petaflops. IBM's supercomputer deal is said to be worth 325 million dollars
The computing power of Supercomputing Center is generally used for scientific research. If your project meets the relevant conditions, you can apply for cooperation according to a certain process. If you need computing power services, it is recommended that you learn about the next ten power free computing power
Supercomputing Center's computing services are generally charged. You can go to the 10th power to learn about it. At present, the 10th power has launched free computing services
the tenth power cooperates with computing earth to launch the world's largest distributed computing resource computing power supply platform, providing free computing power support for projects requiring a large amount of computing power output. The computing power bank can provide idle computing power of personal devices worldwide, providing computing power support for world-class scientific research projects, involving mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields
so far, the peak computing power is as high as 100p, which is equivalent to the computing power of tianhe-2, the world's fourth largest supercomputer, and can meet the needs of all computing power projects on the market
At present, the tenth power computing platform can provide customers with idle computing power of personal devices worldwide and provide computing power support for world-class scientific research projects, involving mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields
so far, the computing power can reach 30p, which is equivalent to the computing power of tianhe-2, the world's fifth largest supercomputer, and can meet the needs of all computing power projects on the market
the tenth power distributed computing resource platform is suitable for all kinds of projects that need a lot of computing power support, especially for scientific research, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields. At present, it is providing computing power support for 37 cutting-edge research projects across various academic fields. In addition, in the current more popular instry fields, it is becoming more and more popular, There are also a lot of application requirements
The E-Class prototype of tianhe-3, a new generation of 10 billion times supercomputer independently developed by China, has recently completed the development and deployment, and successfully passed the sub item acceptance. The prototype system adopts three kinds of domestic independent high-performance computing and communication chips, and the computing speed of its six cabinets is equivalent to the computing power of 120 cabinets of Tianhe-1
When it comes to domestic chips, Chinese people first think that it must be Loongson. Loongson is not the earliest domestic processor, nor the most successful domestic processor. However, when it comes to domestic chips with the highest exposure rate, Loongson undoubtedly has developed three generations of Loongson processor chips from Loongson 1 to Loongson 3, But most of them only live in the exhibition stands where CAS shows its achievements to the outside world. There are almost no commercial applications, and they can't keep up with the mainstream performance. Often, new models of chips fall behind as soon as they come out. Although Shenwei and Feiteng both belong to the national team, the latter two are still in the first echelon of the national chip team. Although Loongson is famous, it has no chance with the first echelon1. Supercomputers:
usually refers to the computer composed of hundreds, thousands or even more processors, which can calculate large and complex tasks that ordinary PC and server cannot complete. Supercomputer is a kind of computer with the strongest function, the fastest computing speed and the largest storage capacity. It is an important symbol of the national scientific and technological development level and comprehensive national strength
2. Server:
refers to some high-performance computers, which can provide services through the network. Compared with ordinary computer, the stability, security, performance and other aspects are higher, so the CPU, chipset, memory, disk system, network and other hardware are different from ordinary computer
the server is the node of the network, which stores and processes 80% of the data and information on the network, and plays an important role in the network. They are high-performance computers that provide various services for client computers. Their high performance mainly includes high-speed computing power, long-time reliable operation, strong external data throughput and so on
3. Desktop:
is a kind of independent and separate computer, which has no connection with other parts. Compared with notebook and netbook, the volume is larger, and the host, display and other devices are generally relatively independent, and generally need to be placed on the computer desk or special workbench. So it's called desktop
as a very popular microcomputer, most of the machines used in homes and companies are desktop computers. The performance of desktop is better than that of laptop
4. Embedded system:
that is, embedded systems
, is an application-oriented, microprocessor-based, software and hardware tailorable special-purpose computer system, which adapts to the application system's strict requirements on function, reliability, cost, volume, power consumption, etc. It is generally composed of embedded microprocessor, peripheral hardware, embedded operating system and user's application program
extended data
computer microprocessor (CPU) takes transistor as the basic component. With the continuous improvement of processor and the acceleration of update speed, computer structure and components will also change greatly. With the development of photoelectric technology, quantum technology and biotechnology, it has a great role in promoting the development of new computers
Since 1980s, ALU and control unit (CPU) have been integrated into one integrated circuit, which is called microprocessorthe working mode of this kind of computer is very intuitive: in a clock cycle, the computer first obtains instructions and data from memory, then executes instructions, stores data, and then obtains the next instruction
this process is repeated until a termination instruction is obtained. Explained by the controller, the instruction set executed by the arithmetic unit is a well-defined and very limited set of simple instructions
The traditional computer processing information is mainly characters and numbers. In fact, people are more used to pictures, words, sounds, images and other forms of multimedia information. Multimedia technology can integrate graphics, images, audio, video and text, making the object and content of information processing closer to the real world< br />Among the 2.791 petaflop computing power of the global top 500, the computing power of IBM supercomputer exceeds 1.5 petaflop, which is more than three times of the total computing power of HP, the closest competitor to IBM. Moreover, among the top 10 supercomputers in the global top 500, IBM has four seats, and among the top 100 supercomputers, IBM also has 46 seats
American supercomputer & lt; Vertex & quot; Once again, China continues to expand its leading position in quantity. According to the list, there are 228 supercomputers on the list in China, ranking the first in terms of the number of supercomputers, an increase of 9 compared with the list released half a year ago. The United States ranked second with 117, followed by Japan, France and Germany
This is the second time that the U.S. Department of energy has decided to spend a huge sum of money to develop the 10 billion supercomputer system. Its first 10 billion supercomputer A21 is currently in the development stage and will be deployed in Argonne National Laboratory and will be put into use in 2021. In April last year, two supercomputers were planned to be deployed in Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Lawrence middot in 2022 and 2023; Livermore National Laboratory to meet the needs of the advanced scientific computing research project of the science office of the Ministry of energy and the advanced simulation and computing project of the national nuclear safety administration However, China has launched the e-level computer R & D program; Tianhe-3 & quot; It's part of the plan. It is reported that the whole plan is divided into two phases. The first phase is to study & lt; Key technologies of E-class computer Three E-class prototypes were developed; The task of the second phase is to develop E-class computeraccording to the news from the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China's self-developed new generation of 10 billion secondary supercomputers & lt; Tianhe-3 & quot; The E-Class prototype has been developed and deployed, and has successfully passed the sub project acceptance. Not only that, & lt; Tianhe-3 & quot; In addition, three kinds of domestic independent high-performance computing and communication chips are used, namely & lt; Maichuang & quot; Multi core processor, high speed interconnection controller and interconnection interface controller. In addition, it includes four types of computing, storage and service nodes, hardware subsystems such as computing processing, high-speed interconnection, parallel storage and service processing, and software subsystems such as system operation, parallel development, application support and integrated management, all of which are independently designed in China
according to the plan, next year, China will build a completely independent & lt; Tianhe-3 & quot; E-class supercomputer, computing power compared with & lt; Tianhe-1 & quot; It can be increased 200 times
Meng Xiangfei, director of application research and Development Department of National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, said that they will rely on & lt; Tianhe-3 & quot; Build a high-performance computing service platform with deep integration of supercomputing and cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, which can be used for a series of super large-scale computing and simulation, such as long-term high-resolution climate and weather forecast, large-scale Aerospace numerical wind tunnel, brain science and genetic engineering