The father of the Internet: Decentralization
detailed introction: http://ke..com/view/4562987.htm
the Internet is the first worldwide library and the first global forum in the history of human society. Anyone, no matter from anywhere in the world, can participate at any time, and the Internet will never shut down. And no matter who you are, you are always welcome. You won't be excluded because of different skin color, different clothes, different religious beliefs. In today's world, the only life circle without borders, discrimination and politics belongs to the Internet. Through the dissemination of network information, anyone in the world, regardless of nationality, race, gender, age, wealth, transmits experience and knowledge to each other and expresses opinions and opinions. So that human beings have a new understanding of the world and insights to facilitate human exchanges.
TCP / IP is like a symbol in the book of heaven for ordinary people. It's netizens. At most, they think these English letters look familiar. As for the role they play in the Internet, no one, except professionals, will go deep into it. However, behind any event that will have an impact on the living form and lifestyle of human beings, there are always people with a sense of mission. The invention of TCP / IP, Hunter Cerf, has been thinking about how to write the standard language software between hosts to realize the communication between computers. During the break of an academic conference, suddenly inspiration came. Cerf picked up an old envelope and made a rough sketch on the back. It is on this common paper that Cerf put forward the concept of "gateway" which can connect different network systems, and played a decisive role in the formation of TCP / IP protocol. Cerf and another scholar, Kahn, built TCP together, and then continuously improved it, making TCP a standard and going to the world. Thanks to the efforts of Cerf and his colleagues, the Internet has taken off
The Internet is not a human invention
The advanced research project agency (APRA) has sown the seeds of the Internet. The group released the first Internet ancestor, named appanet, and the Chinese name is "ARPANET" ARPANET was put into operation in 1969 and retired in 1990. In the past 21 years, many research institutions and universities have made a lot of ordinary or amazing contributions on APA. Countless people have added their own bricks and tiles to it, and finally bred the Internet we use now In order to avoid laymen leading experts, the General Administration of advanced research projects also recruited scientists from various universities as leaders, including the most famous artificial intelligence expert of MIT at that time, Joseph likladit is said that when Joseph liklad was the leader, he paid for more than 80% of the computer related companies, and whether it was civilian or military, he built them first. At that time, under the loose system of the United States, this man suddenly fried the computer related instry
later leaders were all top scientists, including Bob Taylor, Larry Lobos and so on. Each of them was a top expert in the scientific field. Later, Larry Lobos was called the father of ARPANET, because Lobos first thought of this method and drew a lot of diagrams to demonstrate it. Later, he even thought about the architecture
When apanet was born, apanet had only four nodesthe first node was selected at UCLA, because professor Kleinrock, a friend of robz's at that time, was studying the network at the University of California, and he was also one of the top scientists at that time. This is Professor Klein Locke, one of the fathers of the Internet
the second node was selected from Stanford University. The main factor for selecting the second node at that time was Professor Douglas ngobart in Stanford, who invented the mouse
In fact, in a sense, he also invented the Internet. However, generally speaking, he is not the father of the Internet, but the father of the mouse. After all, the mouse is so famous. In fact, he participated in the invention of hypertext system, grid computer, hard disk and so on, which he has made a lot of contributionsthe third and fourth nodes are selected from the University of California at Santa Barbara and Utah State University in Salt Lake City, respectively. The consideration is also talent. These two schools are ahead of other schools in computer graphics, and Utah has Professor Ivan suzerain
Professor Su Zelan is known as the father of virtual reality. For example, virtual reality is so hot now that he should go to recognize his ancestors. He also won the Turing prize in 1988 for his computer graphics and virtual reality
these four nodes are the seeds of ARPANET. When the seeds are buried in the soil, they quickly take root and germinate. After a year, they quickly expand to 15 nodes. In 1973, four years later, ARPANET was connected to Britain and Norway
The protocol used at that time was not the current TCP / IP protocol, but a protocol that had been eliminated. The eliminated protocol was called NCP protocol, which was stopped in 1982. After the NCP protocol was stopped, it was replaced by TCP / IP protocolin those days, there were all kinds of computer equipment, and each computer used its own language. At this time, there were two scientists, Bob Kahn and Venter Cerf, who jointly invented the TCP / IP protocol to enable various devices to connect
these two are also called the father of the Internet, and they really deserve the name of the father of the Internet. The two also won the Turing prize. It also won numerous other awards, including the highest medal for ordinary citizens of the United States, who were awarded the Presidential Medal of freedom by President Bush
When ARPANET retired, the Internet was born.
Dr. Berners Lee invented the world wide web. At this time, ARPANET was close to completing its historical mission and was about to retire
However, based on ARPANET, numerous excellent scientists have bred the Internet. Dr. Bonas Lee is the first person to welcome the birth of the Internet. He developed the world's first web browser. Since then, the Internet has been born and started a magnificent journey. Dr. Bonas Lee is also known as the father of the Internet 
extended materials:
Internet development history
the Internet began in the United States in 1969. Under the agreement made by ARPA (ARPANET), the US military first used it for military connection, and then connected four major computers of UCLA, Stanford University Research Institute, UCSB (University of California) and University of Utah
the agreement was implemented by BBN and Ma of Cambridge University, and was online in December 1969
another Wan that promotes the development of Internet is NSF network, which was initially funded by the National Science Foundation of the United States. Its purpose is to connect five supercomputer centers in the United States and share their resources with more than 100 American universities. NSF network also adopts TCP / IP protocol and is connected with Internet
ARPA network and NSF network were originally for scientific research, and their main purpose was to provide users with valuable resources of sharing mainframe. With the increasing number of access hosts, more and more people use the Internet as a communication toolsome companies have also launched business activities on the Internet. With the commercialization of Internet, its great potential in communication, information retrieval, customer service and so on has been tapped out, which makes Internet have a qualitative leap and finally go global
In 1968, Senator Ted Kennedy heard that BBN had won the ARPA agreement as the internal message processor (IMP). Ted Kennedy sent a congratulatory message to BBN to congratulate them on their spirit in winning the "internal message processor" agreement In 1978, uucp (UNIX and UNIX protocol) was proposed in Bell Labs. In 1979, the newsgroup network system developed on the basis of uucp. Newsgroups (discussion groups focusing on a particular topic) have been developed, providing a new way to exchange information around the world However, newsgroups are not considered part of the Internet because they do not share the TCP / IP protocol, they are connected to UNIX systems all over the world, and many Internet sites make full use of newsgroups. Newsgroups are a very important part of the development of the Internet worldthe first achievement of searching the Internet was invented in 1989 by Peter Deutsch and his team at McGill University in Montreal. They set up an archive for the FTP site, later named Archie
this software can periodically go to all open file download sites, list their files and build a retrievable software index. Retrieving Archie command is a UNIX command, so only by using UNIX knowledge can we make full use of its performance
mcfill University, the university with the first Archie, found that half of the daily traffic from the United States to Canada visits Archie. The school is concerned about whether the management program can support such a large amount of traffic, so it has to close the external access. Fortunately, there were a lot of Archies available at that time
Brewster Kahle, who invented WAIS (wide area network information service) in thinking machines at that time, can retrieve all files in a database and allow file retrieval. There are many versions depending on the complexity and performance, but the simplest one can be used by anyone on the Internet
At its peak, intelligent computer companies maintain more than 600 database clues that can be retrieved by WAIS worldwide. It includes all the frequently asked questions in newsgroups and all the papers under development for web standards. Like Archie, its interface is not very intuitive, so it takes a lot of effort to make good use of it In 1989, another important event happened in the history of popularizing Internet applications. Tim Berners and others at CERN - well known at CERN - have come up with a protocol for classifying Internet informationthis protocol, known as WWW (World Wide Web) after 1991, is based on hypertext protocol, which is a system that embeds another piece of text in one text. When you read these pages, you can use them to select a text link at any time. Although it appeared before gopher, its development is very slow
since the Internet was initially invested and constructed by government departments, it was initially limited to research departments, schools and government departments. Except for the commercial application directly serving the research department and school, other commercial activities are not allowed
In the early 1990s, when the independent business network began to develop, this situation was broken. This makes it possible to send information from one business site to another without going through a government funded network hub In 1991, the first Internet friendly interface was developed in Minnesota University. At that time, the school just wanted to develop a simple menu system, which could access the files and information on the campus network through the LAN. Following the debate between the believers of mainframe and those who support client server architectureat first, the followers of mainframe systems had the upper hand, but since the advocates of client server architecture claimed that they could build a prototype system quickly, they had to admit failure. The advocators of client server architecture soon made an advanced demonstration system called gopher. This gopher proved to be very useful. In the next few years, there were more than 10000 gophers around the world. It does not require knowledge of UNIX and computer architecture
in a gopher, you just need to type in a number and select the menu option you want. Today you can use the U of Minnesota gopher to select all gopher systems around the world
when Reno of the University of Nevada created Veronica, an automatic retrieval service used by gopher, the usability of gopher was greatly enhanced
it is called the acronym of veryeasyrodent -. Gopher around the world collects network connections and indexes like a web
it's so popular that it's hard to connect them, but nevertheless, in order to rece the load, a lot of Veronica has been developed
similar single user indexing software has also been developed, which is called Peter Deutsch, inventor of Jughead
Archie
If you chat with a taxi driver outside Beijing, he knows that Ma Yun, Ma Huateng and Lei Jun are more likely than Wang Jianlin, Xu Jiayin and other real estate tycoons. The instry that has the greatest impact on the life changes of ordinary Chinese in recent years is not real estate, but the Internet
Internet service is penetrating into every instry. Because of the many dividends of population, economy and policy, China has staged the unique phenomenon of "Internet plus" in the world. Many traditional instries such as travel, catering, payment and retailing have overtaken this bend.
the golden age of Internet
data shows that in 2016, the total revenue of China's listed Internet enterprises exceeded 1 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 41.5%. The instry scale continued to expand, with a growth rate far higher than 6.7% of GDP and 5.6% of basic telecommunications in the same period. The Internet has become a real sunrise instry
's fast growing Internet instry has the characteristics of high added value, fair and transparent competition, green environmental protection, and services for people's livelihood. The official support is increasing. Internet plus, AI and big data have been included in the national strategy. The growth of the Internet instry is accelerating. p>
the rapid growth of the Internet instry has brought in a lot of capital. In the second quarter of this year alone, the financing amount of China's Internet instry reached US $13.5 billion, up 86.2% on a month on month basis. Even the hot money of "coal bosses" poured into the instry and started new projects like bike sharing
the Internet instry has also become a "black hole" for talents. Whether it is employment or entrepreneurship, the Internet has become the most popular instry. According to the report released by CIIC, 20% of the graates interviewed in 2017 are looking forward to entering the Internet instry, far more than 10% of the second place financial instry. This instry is not only rich in money, but also relatively more fair in competition. Moreover, it seems that the threshold is lower, more dynamic and more interesting than traditional instries
In May, Tencent's market value exceeded 300 billion US dollars for the first time, and when it entered the top 10 of the global market value, it exceeded most people's expectations. However, as I said in "Tencent's market value exceeds $300 billion for the first time! But it's not just goose factory employees and shareholders who want to open the champagne. According to the article, the good era of the Internet instry has just begunfive months later, Ali's latest market value has reached $457.1 billion, less than 1% away from Amazon, the world's largest e-commerce company; Tencent's market value is US $408.8 billion, which is close to US $100 billion away from Facebook's US $501 billion, but catching up is also a high probability event - and the market values of Alibaba and Tencent have ranked among the top 10 in the world. It's not only Alibaba and Tencent that have performed well. The stock price of Internet is about to reach a record high. The market value of microblog is nearly twice that of twitter... Chinese Internet companies are constantly creating new possibilities
has not shown signs of aging so far. Mobile Internet, Internet +, content entrepreneurship and artificial intelligence are coming. New instries are coming up and creating new possibilities. Golden age is the Internet of China. p>
the worst era of the Internet
where there is light, there is darkness. On the surface, the bright and vibrant Internet instry has never lacked negative news. Even to a certain extent, it can be considered that today is also the worst era of China's Internet
just as Alibaba's market value is about to surpass Amazon's, two entrepreneurs have come forward to accuse a team of Alibaba health under Alibaba of plagiarizing the entrepreneur's ideas through cooperation. Alibaba's immediate response shows that the fact of cat plagiarism does exist. Alibaba immediately removed relevant functions from the shelves, apologized to partners, and Deal with the staff involved
before Alibaba, the news of plagiarism between Chinese Internet companies and entrepreneurs was heard all the time. For example, Tencent was criticized by the outside world for plagiarism. The article "Tencent on dog day" in computer world even gave Tencent the title of "public enemy of the whole people" on the Internet. Tencent did not take it off until it launched the opening strategy after the 3Q war. However, the pace of plagiarism in the Internet instry has never stopped. Every once in a while, there is a war of words about accusations of plagiarism - some are true, and there are also a lot of marketing
the plagiarism of procts, models, writing and even codes is just a disharmony. On the same day, the recording of the headline advertising salesperson threatening an enterprise owner by malicious clicking on the Internet advertisement was spread, which also shocked the instry: is the level of Chinese Internet advertising salesperson so low and ignorant today? However, this is just a case. Malicious competition has appeared in almost every profitable Internet instry, and it has become increasingly fierce. Some people even take the risk of breaking the law
the openness that the Internet once attached the most importance to is becoming more and more rare today. The hyperlink based network that Tim Berners Lee, the father of the Internet, once built, is being disintegrated by super apps. Overseas Apple App Stores have built their own closed content ecology, while domestic Alibaba and Tencent have blocked each other for several years. Wechat, today's headlines, Internet and UC are building their own "fence" to keep content, traffic, data and users within their own walls. Super apps have made it increasingly difficult for search engines based on the open Internet to obtain data and content. The network that feels the profound crisis has launched the information flow strategy and established its own content ecosystem
China's Internet instry has made obvious achievements, but it is far away from the original intention of "openness, equality, cooperation and sharing" of Internet design. Plagiarism, malicious competition and closure are becoming common problems of China's Internet
Google's "don't do evil" value is regarded as the highest criterion for Internet companies and the universal value of the instry. However, how many enterprises can do "don't do evil"? All profit seeking enterprises operate above law and under morality. It can be said that China's Internet instry has been in the worst era
just because of this, Alibaba apologized for the plagiarism incident, and today's headlines directly dismissed the misbehaving sales. In my opinion, it is a good performance. They show that they still have a moral bottom line by doing so. Today's headlines show that they are deeply remorseful of the behavior of threatening advertisers by sales, and they also show their "corporate conscience". After all, Many companies often act like ostriches in similar situations. As long as they don't break the law, what can you do with them except scold them
the innovation era of Internet
the achievements of China's Internet instry today can be said to be hard won
On the one hand, it is not easy for China's Internet to grow to today's level. Different from many traditional instries, China's Internet is a bottom-up growing instry. In the free market, grassroots entrepreneurial groups dominate the instrial development. Twenty years later, it is still full of vitality, and constantly proces innovations similar to wechat payment and sesame credit. Along the way, it can be said that it is startling step by step. Internet media, mobile payment, wechat, sesame credit, etc Internet TV... Many segments of the Internet instry are likely to be strangled in the cradle at any time, and eventually grow irreplaceable On the other hand, it is not easy to form the global status of China's Internet. As we all know, China's Internet has taken the C2C ( to China) road in the past few decades, and almost all well-known Internet applications can find its shadow in the United States. Later, some people used the word "micro innovation" to beautify the plagiarism. However, in recent years, China's Internet has successfully taken off the label of "plagiarism". As Ma Huateng, the leader of Tencent, once criticized for plagiarism, said, CFC ( from China) is now popular. Wechat, bike sharing, Momo, rookie... China's Internet business model and proct function innovation are more and more attracting worldwide attention. Chinese Internet companies are ing these innovative models to the world through global expansion However, from the perspective of Alibaba's "plagiarism door", it is not enough to invest only real money. Internet giants should have a sense of respect for innovation and reverence for originality and intellectual property rights, and implement this awareness and reverence into the company's business process, management system and corporate cultureafter the "plagiarism door" incident, Zhang Jianfeng, Alibaba CTO, said in an article on the intranet, "Alibaba will check all the procts and functions developed by the third party on the platform, and re comb and design the business process and proct design specifications for cooperation with all external developers."
it's not just Alibaba that needs to do this, but all the big Internet companies, entrepreneurs and even Internet investors, because it's not only Alibaba that makes the "plagiarism" mistake. For the entire Internet instry, it's imperative to respect and protect the original and encourage innovation
at the same time, Internet giants should be more open, rather than constantly weaving a "fence" to encircle users, data, content and traffic. Tencent music and Ali music have reached a right mutual licensing agreement, which is a good start
Third, respect originality and promote innovation, starting from you and me
the innovation environment of Internet is not only software innovation, but also content, service, commodity and other aspects. When you are accusing Alibaba of plagiarizing entrepreneurs and so and so enterprises of disrespect for originality, have you ever reviewed whether there are pirated movies in your hard disk? Is there a pirated app on the phone? Do you have any imitation furniture at home? If so, your approach is not fundamentally different from the enterprise's disrespect for originality
Why is piracy rare in countries with developed music markets? It's not because no one does piracy, but because most users will think that piracy is theft, shameful, not taken for grantedtoday, Chinese consumers are awakening their consciousness, showing more and more respect for originality and innovation, and the original environment is getting better. Video, music and other instries have ushered in the spring. It is believed that the wind of originality in the field of cultural content will spread to software, design and other fields, making the whole Internet innovation environment better and better, and finally making China's Internet instry lead the world
TCP / IP is like a symbol in the book of heaven for ordinary people. It's netizens. At most, they think these English letters look familiar. As for the role they play in the Internet, no one, except professionals, will go deep into it. However, behind any event that will have an impact on the living form and lifestyle of human beings, there are always people with a sense of mission. The invention of TCP / IP, Hunter Cerf, has been thinking about how to write the standard language software between hosts to realize the communication between computers. During the break of an academic conference, suddenly inspiration came. Cerf picked up an old envelope and made a rough sketch on the back. It is on this common paper that Cerf put forward the concept of "gateway" which can connect different network systems, and played a decisive role in the formation of TCP / IP protocol. Cerf and another scholar, Kahn, built TCP together, and then continuously improved it, making TCP a standard and going to the world. Thanks to the efforts of Cerf and his colleagues, the Internet has taken off< Compared with most unknown pioneers, Cerf is undoubtedly the luckiest. He is a figure that most media will quote when they talk about the origin of the Internet. And respectfully called him "the father of the Internet.". "You should be aware that the title is unfair, there are a lot of people involved in the creation of the Internet, and I just did some early work in the first 10 years," he said It's not polite. The personal computer is not an invention of one person, and the Internet is a collective power. Cerf may not be the only one who can wear the "father of the Internet" hat, but he does have a clear conscience. 25 years ago, he and others jointly invented the TCP / IP protocol, which broke the barriers of Internet policy and transformed the network from the government academic network into a revolutionary commercial media, thus detonating an unprecedented revolution
Cerf, 56, is senior vice president of mciworldcom, responsible for technology and architecture. Most people in the world just wait for the explosive development of the Internet, but Cerf doesn't. while giving speeches and accepting various honors, he cooperates with NASA to extend the Internet to outer space
he loves science fiction all his life. He has rich computer knowledge and a keen understanding of human nature. By mixing these personal qualities, he has greatly improved the way of communication and knowledge acquisition in the whole world“ Vinton played many roles. But he is more like a renaissance man of the 21st century. He is part scientist, part engineer, philosopher, businessman, but most importantly, a great enlightener. " That's what Fred chggs, Cerf's longtime boss, said of him
Cerf is undoubtedly one of the few authorities on the Internet. In 1992, he established the Internet association. Cerf is a national figure in both the government social circle and the high-tech community. In 1997, he received the U.S. Medal of technology from President Clinton. Despite his growing reputation and influence, Cerf remained as approachable and modest as ever
Anderson of Netscape said: "we are standing on the shoulders of giants to create performance.". Cerf is undoubtedly one of the giants< After 1986, he served as vice president of cnri. In 1994, he returned to MCI and was responsible for the general network architecture of MCI based on Internet services, including the integration services of data, information, language and video for commercial and consumer users
in 1997, Cerf's MCI company wanted the Internet to have the ability to communicate between planets. So Cerf began to develop technology to make the standard Internet can be placed on the surface of Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus and other planets and satellites, so that spacecraft can communicate when sailing in the solar system. Cerf said it was far from complete technical specifications, but he hoped that his basic design could be used in close space travel, such as the Mars exploration program scheled for 2001
it is still difficult to determine how much impact Cerf's research achievements will bring to human beings<
confession of an engineer with hearing impairment
Venter Cerf was born on June 23, 1943. When he was in high school in San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles, he met and became friends with Steve Crocker. Both of them love science very much and often do color observation experiments on three-dimensional chessboard together on weekends
Cerf is thin and strong, emotional and passionate. He takes part in the school's reserve military training team to avoid gymnastics class. On campus, he was dressed in uniform, jacket and tie, and always carried a big brown briefcase. At that time, it seemed that this dress was extraordinary, "I wear a jacket and tie to make myself different. Although it may be naive to express yourself in this way, "to my friends' surprise, Venter's dress never hindered girls' interest in him. He is like a ck to water in love. Everyone says he's very charming< When he was a child, his idol was his father. Through hard work, his father rose from an ordinary employee to a senior executive officer of North American Airlines. Cerf's two younger brothers also performed well, playing football and taking turns as members of the student union. Cerf himself is a bookworm, with a wide range of interests and strong fantasy. He is very good at chemistry, but his real interest is in mathematics. Because she was born prematurely, she had a hearing defect and had to wear a hearing aid. He grew up designing techniques that help with auditory communication. He also wrote a paper called "confession of an engineer with hearing impairment."
around 1960, although still in high school, Steve was allowed to use the UCLA computer lab. On weekends, Cerf goes with Steve. Once, the laboratory building was locked and a window was open on the second floor“ Then I knew that Venter was on my shoulder Steve recalled< After graating from high school, Cerf entered Stanford University, and his father's company offered him a scholarship for four years. He majored in mathematics and soon fell in love with computers“ Programming gives people a wonderful feeling. You create a world of your own, and you are the master of the world. No matter what is made up, the computer will always do it. It's like a sand box, in which every grain of sand is in your grasp. "
graated from university. When IBM hired people, he joined IBM Los Angeles company to do system engineering research for a time-sharing system. Soon he found that he didn't have enough ink in his stomach, and Cerf threw it under the door of his thesis advisor, Eskin. At that time, Eskin signed a research agreement with ARPA to develop a supercomputer dedicated to monitoring the execution of programs on another machine. This became the subject of Cerf's thesis. In the summer of 1968, Steve and Cerf worked together in UCLA, marking their indissoluble bond with computer networks< In the autumn of 1968, the project was transferred to cranlow, who set up a network test center with $200000 allocated by ARPA, responsible for most of the machine performance testing and analysis in ARPA network plan. Cranlow gathered 40 students to work for him, and Joseph and Steve were undoubtedly the first of them. And then there's Joe posdale
Cerf's wife, Sigri, is an illustrator. She was deaf when she was 3 years old. Their first meeting was orchestrated by their hearing aid salesman. Let two people meet unexpectedly, fall in love at first sight. After dinner, they went to the art museum together. Cerf had never been trained in art, but he also showed great interest. In front of Kandinsky's large-scale works, he stood for a long time and finally said, "this painting is really like a huge fresh hamburger."
in 1966, a year later, they got married. Steve, of course, was the best man (they switched roles again a few years later). A few minutes before the wedding ceremony, the recorder that played the wedding march jammed. The bridesmaid and the panicked bridegroom quickly hid in the small room beside the altar and started their special skills to repair the machine. Because of hearing impairment, the couple whispered like a roar< At that time, the most urgent task was to write host host standard language software to realize the communication between computers. In the summer of 1968, a small group of graate students from the four branches of ARPA got together to talk about ARPA. Soon, they began to call themselves the "network working group" (NWG), gathering the elite of communication programmers across the country to reach a consensus on the operation specifications of networked hosts. They created a series of new terms, such as "protocol.". However, there was no substantive progress in the previous talks< By the end of 1969, NWG had not come up with a standard language. In order to make the delivery in December, the team pieced together a Telnet for remote internet access, but its function is limited and relatively basic
the real revolutionary breakthrough was left to Cerf and Bob Kahn. At the beginning of 1970, he met Bob Kahn, a hardware expert of BBN company who was in charge of the installation and debugging of intermediary information processor. They met at first sight and tested together in UCLA. What kind of software does Kahn need? Cerf will work hard to make it up. They racked their brains for the coordination of computer networks to see how to weld different networks seamlessly< In the spring of 1973, Cerf went to the San Francisco Hotel to attend a meeting. In the lobby, waiting for the next round of talks. Suddenly inspiration suddenly, quickly picked up an old envelope on the back of random painting. It is on this common paper that Cerf put forward the concept of gateway which can connect different network systems, which played a decisive role in the formation of TCP / IP protocol. At that time, he and Kahn had been talking about how to build a net of nets for several months, and also had a lot of exchanges with other groups. Both of them thought of using a "gateway" to help routing between systems. After the concept of "gateway" was established, the next problem was packet transmission. At that time, Cerf's sketch established a technological breakthrough
in the spring and summer of 1973, both Cerf and Kahn deliberated on the details. Cerf often visits DARPA's office in Arlington, Virginia (the predecessor of DARPA is ARPA). He often talked with Kahn for hours on end. Once in a marathon conversation, they stayed up all night, painting on the chalk board in turn. Two people prepare to cooperate a thesis, it is all night sleepless again
in September of the same year, they submitted their views and papers to the international network working group, and after discussion, they made it more mature. Both of them were obstinate in the revision of their papers, and their faces were flushed: "when one of us was typing, the other was able to have a rest and wriggle his neck, but had to conceive together. It's really like two hands tied to a pen."
at the end of 1973, the thesis was completed“
as early as the end of 1980s, Professor Li, who worked in CERN, developed three basic technologies for building the Internet: http, HTML and URL. In 1991, Professor Li put the sharing system on the Internet, and the world wide web (WWW) was born. To be more precise, Professor Li is the "father of the World Wide Web", but there is nothing wrong with calling him the "father of the Internet". After all, WWW has become one of the most important parts of the Internet
as a scientist, Professor Li may foresee that www will change the world and reshuffle the global wealth. However, he did not seek its commercial development, nor did he apply for patents for WWW or restrict its use. He also developed those technologies in his spare time
Dr. Cerf mentioned above is slightly different from him. He is the chairman of ICANN, the authoritative organization of Internet domain name and address management, and a non-profit organization. However, he also serves as the senior vice president of technology strategy of MCI company in the United States
Professor Li is a very low-key person. For many years, he has been indifferent to fame and wealth and engaged in his own Internet technology research. Until December 30, 2003, Professor Li was knighted by the queen of England for his selfless contribution to the development of the Internet. On April 15 of this year, the new millennium technology award of Finland Technology Award Foundation was awarded for the first time. Sir Lee won a prize of 1 million euros for his invention of the world wide web
1 million euro is nothing for those who rely on the Internet to become rich, such as Yang Zhiyuan and even Ding Lei. When people look at this issue, they will think of two things: the Swedes are engaged in the "Nobel Prize", the Finns are engaged in the "Millennium Technology Award", the Nordic people really have money and leisure, and they like to do all kinds of selection; This award and this prize should be given to Sir Li. Sir Li's attitude towards money has nothing to do with his winning. It's a pursuit to be indifferent to fame and wealth, but fame and wealth don't need to be pretentious. Sir Lee is really talented.