Conversion of calculation force KH and H

1.

mining has been successful, a total of one equipment (CPU mining, 4-core bar), computing power: 12.75 khash / S (generally abbreviated as KH / s)
KH / S is very rare, so is MH / s; Now the more common are GH / s, th / s, pH / s. The conversion rate is about 1p = 1000t = 1000g = 1000m = 1000K

now the basic unit is GH / s, and several hundred g mining machines are very common

[bitcoin mining machine]

bitcoin mining machine is a computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining chips, and works in the way of burning graphics card, which consumes a lot of power. It is one of the ways to get bitcoin that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server

the popular digital currencies in 2013 are bitcoin, Leyte coin, zeta coin, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bar, red coin, pole coin, barbecue coin and prime currency. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world

2. KH is an ionic compound
, which belongs to salt. This is because the valence of H in KH is - 1, and positive hydrogen ions will not be ionized. In KH, K and H are + 1 and - 1 valence, respectively. K is a very active metal, no matter what compound it is + 1 valence, and as long as there is potassium, then this compound is an ionic compound.

3. There is no difference in kg! But there is a difference between mass and weight. Mass is material, so it has properties and will not change! The weight varies from region to region and is related to the relative distance between the object and the geocenter!

4.

They are ionization equilibrium constants of weak acid, weak base and water
Ka = [H +] [acid radical -] / [acid]
KB = [OH -] [metal ion +] / [base]
kW = [H +] [OH -] / [H2O]

extended data:

when the ionization of weak electrolytes reaches equilibrium under certain conditions, the concentration of various ions generated by ionization in the solution is multiplied by its stoichiometric number in the ionization equation, The ratio of the proct of the concentration of the unionized molecule in the solution and its stoichiometric number in the chemical equation

that is, the ratio of the proct of the concentration of ionized ions (C (a +) * C (B -) in the solution to the concentration of non ionized electrolyte molecules (C (AB)) in the solution is a constant, which is called the ionization equilibrium constant of the weak electrolyte

This constant is called ionization equilibrium constant, or ionization constant for short

When weak electrolytes with polar covalent bonds (such as some weak acids and bases) are dissolved in water, their molecules can ionize ions weakly; At the same time, the corresponding ions in the solution can also be combined into molecules. Generally, from the beginning of the above reaction, the rate of ionization of ions from weak electrolyte molecules decreases, while the rate of ions recombining into weak electrolyte molecules increases. When the reaction rates are equal, the solution reaches ionization equilibrium. At this time, the concentration of electrolyte molecules and ions in the solution are respectively in a stable state and do not change

5. TDS pen is not used to detect the quality of water, but to detect whether the water contains conctive ions. Pure water or ultrapure water does not contain conctive ions, so the water proced by electrolysis has no color change, and the TDS value is also very high. High quality mineral water contains beneficial minerals and trace elements, and the TDS value is high. After water is electrolyzed by electrolysis instrument, the TDS value is also high because of the existence of water

6. 1dh = 10ppm [definition of KH hardness]:
KH is calculated by the equivalent of anion ~ bicarbonate (HCO3 -), which can be used to express the concentration of HCO3 - in water. It should be called ~ bicarbonate or bicarbonate, non carbonate, but it can also be called "carbonate hardness" or "bicarbonate (salt) hardness"... (more than a hydrogen word)
but remember! KH hardness is not carbonate hardness! KH is important because it has a buffer relationship with pH (refers to the concentration of bicarbonate in water), that is to say, decarboxylation
when the hardness content of water is less than temporary hardness, the KH value will also increase
* appendix:
"acid water" preparation method → slowly adding acid recer (inorganic acid), continuous use until the KH buffer value is broken; Or use hydrogen ester which can soften and acidify water at the same time
"soft water" process → adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions with sodium type soft water resin and green ester cotton by ion exchange function; Using RO water to dilute tap water; Assimilation of aquatic plants (except for nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, other elements are also needed by aquatic plants); Organic acids (black water, olive leaves, peat soil and caowi pills) were used to form chelate precipitation with calcium and magnesium ions to soften the water
"alkaline water" process → adding sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate (carbonate ion can proce Oh - ion with H2O, which increases the concentration of OH - in water)
"hard water" process → adding coral sand (calcium carbonate in essence), which is a slow solution in water with high CO2 content, can slowly dissolve in water to form calcium bicarbonate (cahco3), which makes the gh-kh of water rise at the same time

7.

KH is the ratio of the total CaO content in cement clinker after decting the calcium oxide required by saturated alkaline oxides (such as Al2O3 and Fe2O3), the remaining calcium oxide content combined with silica and the calcium oxide content required by the theoretical synthesis of tricalcium silicate. In short, the lime saturation coefficient indicates the degree to which the silica in clinker is saturated to tricalcium silicate by Cao

the variation coefficient of orebody is an index to express the difference degree of each variable value. In the exploration of ore deposits, it is usually used to quantitatively reflect the change degree of various indicators of ore bodies. For example, the thickness coefficient of variation is used to express the change degree of ore body shape

grade coefficient of variation is used to express the distribution uniformity of useful components in ore body. Generally, the greater the coefficient of variation, the greater the degree of change of a sign. By analyzing and comparing the variation coefficients of grade and thickness of different orebodies or different parts of the same orebody, we can understand the difficulty degree of deposit exploration, and provide the basis for reasonable arrangement of exploration work and research of exploration methods

8. To prove HK = KH, we only need to prove that HKH ^ (- 1) k ^ (- 1) = e
because h and K are normal subgroups of G
so for any h belonging to h and any k belonging to K, HKH ^ (- 1) belongs to K, so HKH ^ (- 1) k ^ (- 1) = (HKH ^ (- 1)) k ^ (- 1) belongs to K
and khk ^ (- 1) belongs to H, Thus, HKH ^ (- 1) k ^ (- 1) = H (khk ^ (- 1)) = h
so HKH ^ (- 1) k ^ (- 1) belongs to K intersection, H = {e}
so HKH ^ (- 1) K ^ (- 1) = e, that is, HK = Kh

9. PH means ~ p is in lowercase for "this", and H is hydrogen ion (H +)

the practical meaning of pH is "the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration", which is generalized as "pH"

acid → a substance that reacts with water to increase its H + ratio when dissolved in water

for example, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. are opposite to alkalinity. When they meet alkalinity, they will neutralize and become salt and water

alkali → a substance that reacts with water to increase its OH - ratio when dissolved in water

it is like a kind of material containing sodium carbonate, which is smooth in nature and salty in taste. It is also opposite to acid. The aqueous solution of any compound contains hydroxyl ion

therefore, the aqueous solution is acidic or alkaline, which is completely determined by the relative content of H + and oh -

in the solution

Oh - > H + is alkaline (pH > 7)

Oh - < H + is acidic (pH < 7)

[hardness ~ general meaning]:

the hardness of water refers to the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, which can be divided into calcium hardness and magnesium hardness ~ ~, which are collectively referred to as "total hardness", or "hardness" for short. It is based on the amount of hardness (multivalent) metal ions in water ~ ~ ~ usually expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), but it also includes: magnesium, calcium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium, magnesium Iron... Equal concentration< The main reason is that the water quality information in Taiwan is deeply influenced by Germany, and it is cited. Hardness usually refers to the content of main calcium, magnesium and other compounds dissolved in water. There are many ways to express hardness. However, German hardness is often used in aquarium, that is, the equivalent of calcium oxide (CAO) is used to express all soluble calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water

German hardness is calculated by calcium oxide (CAO), which has nothing to do with "carbonate hardness", nor can it be called "calcium oxide hardness"! 100 ml of water contains calcium oxide equivalent to one milligram, 1 degree GH or 1dh, not carbonate hardness or calcium oxide hardness. German hardness is calculated by calcium oxide, and below 8 degree GH is soft water< The carbonate hardness is calculated by the content of all soluble multivalent metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, which are dissolved in water and calculated by the equivalent of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is an international common method. It is usually based on how many parts of calcium carbonate are contained in one million parts of water, and the unit is degree or ppm, The carbonate hardness is 100 degrees or 100 ppm

carbonate hardness can be divided into... Temporary hardness & permanent hardness

1. Temporary hardness → acid form of calcium and magnesium salt in specified amount of water, insoluble carbonate precipitates after boiling, and how many mg of calcium carbonate is contained per liter after drying

2. Permanent hardness → calcium and magnesium salts in specified water can not be precipitated after boiling, but excessive soluble carbonate must be added. For example, sodium carbonate is added to water to precipitate insoluble calcium and magnesium carbonate. After drying, how many milligrams of calcium carbonate are contained per liter

German hardness = carbonate hardness x0.056

example:

hardness of Tanyu ~ ~

carbonate hardness 230 ~ 339ppm = German hardness 13 ~ 18dh

hardness of arowana ~ ~

carbonate hardness 89 ~ 159ppm = German hardness 4 ~ 8dh

[definition of KH hardness]:

KH is calculated by anion ~ bicarbonate (HCO3 -), It can be used to express the concentration of HCO3 - in water. It should be called ~ bicarbonate or bicarbonate, non carbonate, but it can also be called "carbonate hardness" or "bicarbonate (salt) hardness"... (more than a hydrogen word)

but remember! KH hardness is not carbonate hardness! KH is important because it has a buffer relationship with pH (refers to the concentration of bicarbonate in water), that is to say, decarboxylation

when the hardness content in water is more than temporary hardness, the KH value will also increase<

* appendix:

"acid water" preparation method → slowly adding acid recer (inorganic acid), continuous use until the KH buffer value is broken; Or use hydrogen ester which can soften and acidify water at the same time

"soft water" preparation method → adsorption of calcium and magnesium ions with sodium type soft water resin and green ester cotton by ion exchange function; Using RO water to dilute tap water; Assimilation of aquatic plants (except for nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, other elements are also needed by aquatic plants); Organic acids (black water, olive leaves, peat soil and caowi pills) were used to form chelate precipitation with calcium and magnesium ions to soften the water

"alkaline water" preparation method → adding sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate (carbonate ion can proce Oh - ion with H2O to increase the concentration of OH - in water)

"hard water" process → coral sand (essentially calcium carbonate) is added to form a slow solution in water with high CO2 content, which can be slowly dissolved in water to form calcium bicarbonate (cahco3), making the gh-kh of water rise at the same time

[meaning of TDS value]:

TDS refers to the content of conctivity, salt and calcium in water, which can be measured by TDS pen (water quality detection pen)

measurement of tap water ~ ~

0-89ppm μ s) Strong soft water 0-4dh

90-159ppm → soft water 5-8dh

160-229ppm → moderate hard water 9-12dh

230-339ppm → moderate hard water 13-18dh

340-534ppm → hard water 19-30dh

greater than 535ppm → strong hard water above 30dh

drinking water 40ppm (International NSF Standard), it is recommended to stop drinking above 40ppm. About 250 ppm of tap water was measured in Kaohsiung; Tainan is about 170 ppm; RO water is about 8 ~ 20ppm. If any additional solution or salt is added at will, it will exceed the original nature of the water source. One ppm is the concentration of one milligram of substance in the aqueous solution.

10. One has k and the other has no K. The difference lies in the slope! The answer is different!