Distributed computing power
Publish: 2021-04-19 00:07:36
1. Filecoin, the leading distributed storage project that many investors love and hate, will be officially launched on the main network from late September to early October this year. At 6 a.m. Beijing time on August 25, the official opening of the big miner test network also implies the determination of the official launch of the main network, and the market is also noisy
we are also most concerned about Suan Li Gang. We need to see whether a company has strength, not only depends on the Suan Li level, but also depends on the single-T burst rate and 24-hour mining efficiency. After all, the amount of money is directly related to our interests
with the coming of the main network of filecoin, the popularity of filecoin continues to increase worldwide, and the price of fil futures has risen rapidly since late May. Some people say that the price of fil currency will soar after the main network of filecoin goes online
we also know that from the perspective of filecoin allocation model, filecoin issued a total of 2 billion pieces, of which 70% were awarded to miners, and the 70% were used to provide data storage services, maintain blockchain, etc; The remaining 30% goes to teams, investors and foundations, with a six-month to six-year unlock period. It can be seen from the distribution model that there were few circulating tokens in early fil, which is also the reason why many people speculate that fil will soar after it goes online
let me give you some suggestions on how to participate. What are China's IPFs companies? How to choose the company and mining machinery
(1) first of all, hardware. We must pay attention to cost performance, rather than blindly choose high or low price. High price does not necessarily bring you income matching with the price. Low price may not be able to participate and lose money
(2) the second is to pay attention to mining strategy. Professional and efficient mining strategy can improve our mining efficiency. Good mining machine with a good mining strategy, you can get a good profit
(3) the third suggestion is to have a professional operation and maintenance team. Our mining machine is placed in the professional IDC room, and we also have our own professional operation and maintenance team, which is of course no problem
if you want to manage by yourself, you must consider environmental factors, such as bandwidth, operation and maintenance, etc. Professional things to professional personnel to do, in order to get better benefits. Another is that in the early stage, the storage is provided by the government or itself, but in the later stage, if the network wants to generate real market storage orders to obtain effective computing power, it also needs a special trading network to provide this service. This has higher requirements for the storage environment and operation and maintenance
(4) the fourth suggestion is to maximize the income of capital allocation. How to understand? That is to say, don't excessively pursue high performance and high storage capacity, because it takes a long time to accumulate effective computing power in the early stage. If a large number of hard disks are invested in one time in the early stage, which takes up funds, but has no effect on the improvement of income, it is a waste. Instead of this, it is better to buy more mining machines in the early stage, and expand the capacity when the storage is full in the later stage. Only in this way can the interests be maximized with the same investment.
we are also most concerned about Suan Li Gang. We need to see whether a company has strength, not only depends on the Suan Li level, but also depends on the single-T burst rate and 24-hour mining efficiency. After all, the amount of money is directly related to our interests
with the coming of the main network of filecoin, the popularity of filecoin continues to increase worldwide, and the price of fil futures has risen rapidly since late May. Some people say that the price of fil currency will soar after the main network of filecoin goes online
we also know that from the perspective of filecoin allocation model, filecoin issued a total of 2 billion pieces, of which 70% were awarded to miners, and the 70% were used to provide data storage services, maintain blockchain, etc; The remaining 30% goes to teams, investors and foundations, with a six-month to six-year unlock period. It can be seen from the distribution model that there were few circulating tokens in early fil, which is also the reason why many people speculate that fil will soar after it goes online
let me give you some suggestions on how to participate. What are China's IPFs companies? How to choose the company and mining machinery
(1) first of all, hardware. We must pay attention to cost performance, rather than blindly choose high or low price. High price does not necessarily bring you income matching with the price. Low price may not be able to participate and lose money
(2) the second is to pay attention to mining strategy. Professional and efficient mining strategy can improve our mining efficiency. Good mining machine with a good mining strategy, you can get a good profit
(3) the third suggestion is to have a professional operation and maintenance team. Our mining machine is placed in the professional IDC room, and we also have our own professional operation and maintenance team, which is of course no problem
if you want to manage by yourself, you must consider environmental factors, such as bandwidth, operation and maintenance, etc. Professional things to professional personnel to do, in order to get better benefits. Another is that in the early stage, the storage is provided by the government or itself, but in the later stage, if the network wants to generate real market storage orders to obtain effective computing power, it also needs a special trading network to provide this service. This has higher requirements for the storage environment and operation and maintenance
(4) the fourth suggestion is to maximize the income of capital allocation. How to understand? That is to say, don't excessively pursue high performance and high storage capacity, because it takes a long time to accumulate effective computing power in the early stage. If a large number of hard disks are invested in one time in the early stage, which takes up funds, but has no effect on the improvement of income, it is a waste. Instead of this, it is better to buy more mining machines in the early stage, and expand the capacity when the storage is full in the later stage. Only in this way can the interests be maximized with the same investment.
2.
Supercomputing Center's computing services are generally charged. You can go to the 10th power to learn about it. At present, the 10th power has launched free computing services
the tenth power cooperates with computing earth to launch the world's largest distributed computing resource computing power supply platform, providing free computing power support for projects requiring a large amount of computing power output. The computing power bank can provide idle computing power of personal devices worldwide, providing computing power support for world-class scientific research projects, involving mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields
so far, the peak computing power is as high as 100p, which is equivalent to the computing power of tianhe-2, the world's fourth largest supercomputer, and can meet the needs of all computing power projects on the market
3.
At present, the tenth power computing platform can provide customers with idle computing power of personal devices worldwide and provide computing power support for world-class scientific research projects, involving mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields
so far, the computing power can reach 30p, which is equivalent to the computing power of tianhe-2, the world's fifth largest supercomputer, and can meet the needs of all computing power projects on the market
the tenth power distributed computing resource platform is suitable for all kinds of projects that need a lot of computing power support, especially for scientific research, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, astronomy and other fields. At present, it is providing computing power support for 37 cutting-edge research projects across various academic fields. In addition, in the current more popular instry fields, it is becoming more and more popular, There are also a lot of application requirements
4. High efficiency and stability,
5. There are many ways to mine bitcoin, mainly in the following ways:
1. Direct exchange purchase, such as fire coin, coin security, buybit, OK and other digital exchanges. Although buying bitcoin through direct exchange is the most convenient way, you have to find the right time to buy it. Buy high may be cut, so it is best to buy according to the market low. At the high point, you can also sell bitcoin, which is a value-added investment
2. Mining machine mining bitcoin, this way to get bitcoin is the most primitive, bitcoin was originally computer mining, now it is a professional mining equipment mining - bitcoin mining machine. The better bitcoin mining machines on the market are Shenma, ant, Avalon and so on. However, the mining machine mining threshold is relatively high, which the group owners should pay attention to
3. Cloud computing power mining is actually the mining method after the mining machine is split, and the digging of bitcoin is actually the factor of computing power. Because mining machine mining threshold is relatively high, so many mining machine manufacturers will split mining machine into a piece of computing power, sell to users
4. It is a new way to dig bitcoin. It mainly corresponds to a 1t mining machine with 60W power consumption. Because of cloud computing power mining, the cost of leasing cloud computing power will not be refunded, so there is a way of mining with certificate of deposit of cloud computing power, because the certificate of deposit can be traded in the end, which can recover a large part of the cost of computing power for users. Now, Xbit is the first innovative miner. Others like VC are OK
investment is risky, so don't be blind
1. Direct exchange purchase, such as fire coin, coin security, buybit, OK and other digital exchanges. Although buying bitcoin through direct exchange is the most convenient way, you have to find the right time to buy it. Buy high may be cut, so it is best to buy according to the market low. At the high point, you can also sell bitcoin, which is a value-added investment
2. Mining machine mining bitcoin, this way to get bitcoin is the most primitive, bitcoin was originally computer mining, now it is a professional mining equipment mining - bitcoin mining machine. The better bitcoin mining machines on the market are Shenma, ant, Avalon and so on. However, the mining machine mining threshold is relatively high, which the group owners should pay attention to
3. Cloud computing power mining is actually the mining method after the mining machine is split, and the digging of bitcoin is actually the factor of computing power. Because mining machine mining threshold is relatively high, so many mining machine manufacturers will split mining machine into a piece of computing power, sell to users
4. It is a new way to dig bitcoin. It mainly corresponds to a 1t mining machine with 60W power consumption. Because of cloud computing power mining, the cost of leasing cloud computing power will not be refunded, so there is a way of mining with certificate of deposit of cloud computing power, because the certificate of deposit can be traded in the end, which can recover a large part of the cost of computing power for users. Now, Xbit is the first innovative miner. Others like VC are OK
investment is risky, so don't be blind
6. The official introction is from the global large-scale modern physical mines, and access to rrmine (Renren mine) platform through the global top 10 mines. It's a very international platform
7. It's a good idea, but even if you calculate the data step by step, and then combine the data, you must connect multiple devices before. Since you want to connect, there is a problem of delay. Even if it's very small, there is still some, which is of little significance
8. What do pow, POS and dpow mean
when it comes to blockchain, we must talk about its consensus mechanism. If we don't understand the consensus mechanism of blockchain, we can't understand the real meaning of blockchain. So, what about the consensus mechanism of today's blockchain
what is the consensus mechanism
what is consensus? Take its literal meaning, that is & quot; Common understanding & quot
people are different, not only in stature, appearance and ability, but also in culture, views, ideas, interests and so on
consensus, in short, is the consensus reached by members of a group in a certain aspect
we have learned that trust is a major pain point in the operation of society. Banks have their own credit system. In the past, the financial system only served a few entrepreneurs, because the establishment of credit system cost a lot. Later, Alipay had sesame credit. Credit has already been related to many aspects of life, credit card size, spending amount of flowers, sesame credit and high going abroad can be avoided. We are enjoying the convenience of credit
the essence of blockchain is decentralization, and the core of decentralization is consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism on blockchain mainly solves the problems of who constructs the block and how to maintain the unity of blockchain
the goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to make all honest nodes save consistent blockchain views, while meeting two properties:
1) consistency: the prefix part of the blockchain saved by all honest nodes is exactly the same
2) effectiveness: the information released by an honest node will be recorded in its own blockchain by all other honest nodes
the confidence of blockchain is mainly reflected in the fact that users distributed in the blockchain do not need to trust the other party of the transaction or a centralized organization, and only need to trust the software system under the blockchain protocol to realize the transaction
what is the consensus mechanism? What do pow, POS and dpow mean
the necessity of consensus mechanism
in a distributed system, multiple hosts form a network cluster through asynchronous communication. In such an asynchronous system, state replication between hosts is needed to ensure that each host can reach a consensus. Error messages may appear in asynchronous systems and propagate continuously, so it is necessary to define fault-tolerant protocols in default unreliable asynchronous networks to ensure that all hosts reach a safe and reliable state consensus, which is the necessity of consensus mechanism
the premise of such self-confidence is the consensus mechanism of the blockchain, that is, in a market of mutual distrust, the sufficient and necessary condition for each node to reach an agreement is that each node will spontaneously and honestly abide by the pre-set rules in the agreement to judge the authenticity of each record for the sake of maximizing its own interests, Finally, the records judged to be true are recorded in the blockchain. Attachments-2018-08-9yy7vrha5b738e3d96021. JPG
in other words, if each node has its own independent interests and competes with each other, it is almost impossible for these nodes to conspire to cheat you, especially when they have public reputation in the network. Blockchain technology is the use of a set of mathematical algorithms based on consensus to establish & quot; Trust & quot; Network, so as to create new credit through technical endorsement rather than centralized credit institutions
Introction to several consensus mechanisms in today's blockchain
there are many consensus mechanisms in blockchain, but none of them is perfect, or suitable for all application scenarios
POW workload proof
each node in the whole system provides computing power (referred to as computing power) for the whole system. Through a competitive mechanism, the node with the best computing work can be rewarded by the system, that is, to complete the allocation of newly generated currency. It is simply understood that more work pays more. Currency blockchains such as bitcoin and LTC apply POW mechanism
advantages
completely decentralize the nodes to get in and out freely, the algorithm is simple, easy to realize, and the cost of destroying the system is huge. As long as the computing power of the network destroyer does not exceed 50% of the total computing power of the network, the transaction status of the network can reach an agreement
disadvantages
waste energy, which is the biggest disadvantage. It is difficult to shorten the block confirmation time, for example, bitcoin can only do 7 transactions per second, It is not suitable for commercial application. A new blockchain must find a different hash algorithm, or it will face bitcoin's computing power attack. It has high requirements on the performance of the nodes, and the network environment is prone to bifurcation. It needs to wait for multiple confirmations, and can not reach the final agreement
POS proof of equity
also known as proof of equity, which is similar to you deposit your property in the bank, This model will allocate interest to you according to the amount and time of cryptocurrency you hold< Advantages
low requirements for node performance and short consensus time
disadvantages
there is no final consistency, so checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for the finality
dpow is an evolutionary scheme of pos. in conventional POW and POS, any newly added block needs to be confirmed by all nodes of the whole network, which greatly affects the efficiency
dpos is similar to the voting mechanism of modern board of directors, which elects representatives to vote and make decisions. The N selected accounting nodes are used for the creation, verification, signature and mutual supervision of new blocks, which greatly reces the time and computational cost of block creation and confirmation
advantages
greatly rece the number of nodes participating in verification and accounting, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages
sacrifice the concept of decentralization, which is not suitable for public chain
pbft practical Byzantine fault tolerance
practical Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is a kind of adoption & quot; Permission to vote, minority subject to majority & quot; The consensus mechanism allows Byzantine fault tolerance, allows strong supervision nodes to participate, has the ability of authority classification, higher performance and lower energy consumption, and each round of bookkeeping will be jointly elected by the whole network nodes, allowing 33% of nodes to do evil, and the fault tolerance rate is 33%. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance is especially suitable for the application scenario of alliance chain<
advantages
will deviate from centralization, the existence of cryptocurrency and reward mechanism will proce Matthew effect, making the poor poorer and the rich richer in the community, achieving high consensus efficiency and realizing high-frequency trading
disadvantages
when only 33% of the nodes in the system are running, the system will stop running
dbft authorizes Byzantine fault tolerance
this mechanism is to use rights to select bookkeeper, Then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm. The core of Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is to ensure the system's finality to the maximum extent, so that the blockchain can be applied to real financial application scenarios
advantages
Professional bookkeeper can tolerate any type of error, bookkeeping is completed by multiple people, each block has finality, no bifurcation, the reliability of the algorithm has strict mathematical proof
disadvantages
when one-third or more bookkeepers stop working, the system will not be able to provide services, when one-third or more bookkeepers jointly commit crimes, The system may be bifurcated
pool verification pool
based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
advantages
it can work without cryptocurrency. Based on the mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox, raft), it realizes second level consensus verification
disadvantages
the degree of decentralization is not as good as bitcoin, which is more suitable for the multi center business model with multi participation
Paxos
this is a traditional distributed consensus algorithm, which is a consensus mechanism based on election leaders. The leader node has absolute authority, and allows strong supervision node to participate, which has high performance and low resource consumption. Generally, all nodes have wired access mechanism, but there is no malicious node in the election process, which is not fault-tolerant< In Paxos algorithm, nodes are divided into three types:
proposer: put forward a proposal and wait for everyone's approval. The client often plays the role
acceptor: responsible for voting on the proposal. Usually, the server plays this role
learner: is informed of the result of the case settlement, and unifies with it, and does not participate in the voting process. Maybe the client or server
Paxos can ensure that the system can reach a consensus when more than 50% of the normal nodes exist
REBO consensus mechanism
REBO consensus algorithm enables a group of nodes to form a consensus based on the special node list. The initial special node list is like a club. To accept a new member, it must be voted by 51% of the members of the club. Consensus follows the & quot; 51% rights;, Outsiders have no influence. Since the club starts with centralization, it will always be, and if it starts to corrupt, shareholders can do nothing. Like bitcoin and peercoin, the reborn system separates shareholders from their voting rights, so it is more centralized than other systems
peercoin
peercoin (PPC) is a combination of proof of pow workload and proof of POS equity. POW is mainly used to issue currency. In the future, with the increase of mining difficulty, the output will decrease, and the system security will be mainly maintained by POS
in the blockchain network, e to different application scenarios, different goals are designed, and different blockchain systems adopt different consensus algorithms. Each consensus algorithm is not perfect and has its own advantages and limitations
blockchain solves the problems of transmitting trusted information and value transfer on untrusted channels, while consensus mechanism solves the problem of how blockchain achieves consistency in distributed scenarios
although the blockchain is still in the early stage of development, and the instry development is still facing some obstacles, the society has recognized the value of the blockchain enough, the pace of blockchain development will never stop, and the instry development will certainly find a way to break through the obstacles.
when it comes to blockchain, we must talk about its consensus mechanism. If we don't understand the consensus mechanism of blockchain, we can't understand the real meaning of blockchain. So, what about the consensus mechanism of today's blockchain
what is the consensus mechanism
what is consensus? Take its literal meaning, that is & quot; Common understanding & quot
people are different, not only in stature, appearance and ability, but also in culture, views, ideas, interests and so on
consensus, in short, is the consensus reached by members of a group in a certain aspect
we have learned that trust is a major pain point in the operation of society. Banks have their own credit system. In the past, the financial system only served a few entrepreneurs, because the establishment of credit system cost a lot. Later, Alipay had sesame credit. Credit has already been related to many aspects of life, credit card size, spending amount of flowers, sesame credit and high going abroad can be avoided. We are enjoying the convenience of credit
the essence of blockchain is decentralization, and the core of decentralization is consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism on blockchain mainly solves the problems of who constructs the block and how to maintain the unity of blockchain
the goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to make all honest nodes save consistent blockchain views, while meeting two properties:
1) consistency: the prefix part of the blockchain saved by all honest nodes is exactly the same
2) effectiveness: the information released by an honest node will be recorded in its own blockchain by all other honest nodes
the confidence of blockchain is mainly reflected in the fact that users distributed in the blockchain do not need to trust the other party of the transaction or a centralized organization, and only need to trust the software system under the blockchain protocol to realize the transaction
what is the consensus mechanism? What do pow, POS and dpow mean
the necessity of consensus mechanism
in a distributed system, multiple hosts form a network cluster through asynchronous communication. In such an asynchronous system, state replication between hosts is needed to ensure that each host can reach a consensus. Error messages may appear in asynchronous systems and propagate continuously, so it is necessary to define fault-tolerant protocols in default unreliable asynchronous networks to ensure that all hosts reach a safe and reliable state consensus, which is the necessity of consensus mechanism
the premise of such self-confidence is the consensus mechanism of the blockchain, that is, in a market of mutual distrust, the sufficient and necessary condition for each node to reach an agreement is that each node will spontaneously and honestly abide by the pre-set rules in the agreement to judge the authenticity of each record for the sake of maximizing its own interests, Finally, the records judged to be true are recorded in the blockchain. Attachments-2018-08-9yy7vrha5b738e3d96021. JPG
in other words, if each node has its own independent interests and competes with each other, it is almost impossible for these nodes to conspire to cheat you, especially when they have public reputation in the network. Blockchain technology is the use of a set of mathematical algorithms based on consensus to establish & quot; Trust & quot; Network, so as to create new credit through technical endorsement rather than centralized credit institutions
Introction to several consensus mechanisms in today's blockchain
there are many consensus mechanisms in blockchain, but none of them is perfect, or suitable for all application scenarios
POW workload proof
each node in the whole system provides computing power (referred to as computing power) for the whole system. Through a competitive mechanism, the node with the best computing work can be rewarded by the system, that is, to complete the allocation of newly generated currency. It is simply understood that more work pays more. Currency blockchains such as bitcoin and LTC apply POW mechanism
advantages
completely decentralize the nodes to get in and out freely, the algorithm is simple, easy to realize, and the cost of destroying the system is huge. As long as the computing power of the network destroyer does not exceed 50% of the total computing power of the network, the transaction status of the network can reach an agreement
disadvantages
waste energy, which is the biggest disadvantage. It is difficult to shorten the block confirmation time, for example, bitcoin can only do 7 transactions per second, It is not suitable for commercial application. A new blockchain must find a different hash algorithm, or it will face bitcoin's computing power attack. It has high requirements on the performance of the nodes, and the network environment is prone to bifurcation. It needs to wait for multiple confirmations, and can not reach the final agreement
POS proof of equity
also known as proof of equity, which is similar to you deposit your property in the bank, This model will allocate interest to you according to the amount and time of cryptocurrency you hold< Advantages
low requirements for node performance and short consensus time
disadvantages
there is no final consistency, so checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for the finality
dpow is an evolutionary scheme of pos. in conventional POW and POS, any newly added block needs to be confirmed by all nodes of the whole network, which greatly affects the efficiency
dpos is similar to the voting mechanism of modern board of directors, which elects representatives to vote and make decisions. The N selected accounting nodes are used for the creation, verification, signature and mutual supervision of new blocks, which greatly reces the time and computational cost of block creation and confirmation
advantages
greatly rece the number of nodes participating in verification and accounting, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages
sacrifice the concept of decentralization, which is not suitable for public chain
pbft practical Byzantine fault tolerance
practical Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is a kind of adoption & quot; Permission to vote, minority subject to majority & quot; The consensus mechanism allows Byzantine fault tolerance, allows strong supervision nodes to participate, has the ability of authority classification, higher performance and lower energy consumption, and each round of bookkeeping will be jointly elected by the whole network nodes, allowing 33% of nodes to do evil, and the fault tolerance rate is 33%. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance is especially suitable for the application scenario of alliance chain<
advantages
will deviate from centralization, the existence of cryptocurrency and reward mechanism will proce Matthew effect, making the poor poorer and the rich richer in the community, achieving high consensus efficiency and realizing high-frequency trading
disadvantages
when only 33% of the nodes in the system are running, the system will stop running
dbft authorizes Byzantine fault tolerance
this mechanism is to use rights to select bookkeeper, Then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm. The core of Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is to ensure the system's finality to the maximum extent, so that the blockchain can be applied to real financial application scenarios
advantages
Professional bookkeeper can tolerate any type of error, bookkeeping is completed by multiple people, each block has finality, no bifurcation, the reliability of the algorithm has strict mathematical proof
disadvantages
when one-third or more bookkeepers stop working, the system will not be able to provide services, when one-third or more bookkeepers jointly commit crimes, The system may be bifurcated
pool verification pool
based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
advantages
it can work without cryptocurrency. Based on the mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox, raft), it realizes second level consensus verification
disadvantages
the degree of decentralization is not as good as bitcoin, which is more suitable for the multi center business model with multi participation
Paxos
this is a traditional distributed consensus algorithm, which is a consensus mechanism based on election leaders. The leader node has absolute authority, and allows strong supervision node to participate, which has high performance and low resource consumption. Generally, all nodes have wired access mechanism, but there is no malicious node in the election process, which is not fault-tolerant< In Paxos algorithm, nodes are divided into three types:
proposer: put forward a proposal and wait for everyone's approval. The client often plays the role
acceptor: responsible for voting on the proposal. Usually, the server plays this role
learner: is informed of the result of the case settlement, and unifies with it, and does not participate in the voting process. Maybe the client or server
Paxos can ensure that the system can reach a consensus when more than 50% of the normal nodes exist
REBO consensus mechanism
REBO consensus algorithm enables a group of nodes to form a consensus based on the special node list. The initial special node list is like a club. To accept a new member, it must be voted by 51% of the members of the club. Consensus follows the & quot; 51% rights;, Outsiders have no influence. Since the club starts with centralization, it will always be, and if it starts to corrupt, shareholders can do nothing. Like bitcoin and peercoin, the reborn system separates shareholders from their voting rights, so it is more centralized than other systems
peercoin
peercoin (PPC) is a combination of proof of pow workload and proof of POS equity. POW is mainly used to issue currency. In the future, with the increase of mining difficulty, the output will decrease, and the system security will be mainly maintained by POS
in the blockchain network, e to different application scenarios, different goals are designed, and different blockchain systems adopt different consensus algorithms. Each consensus algorithm is not perfect and has its own advantages and limitations
blockchain solves the problems of transmitting trusted information and value transfer on untrusted channels, while consensus mechanism solves the problem of how blockchain achieves consistency in distributed scenarios
although the blockchain is still in the early stage of development, and the instry development is still facing some obstacles, the society has recognized the value of the blockchain enough, the pace of blockchain development will never stop, and the instry development will certainly find a way to break through the obstacles.
9. Sifang computing power app is more convenient for mining. It can only rent computing power on the app, which is really low investment and high return.
10. Distributed key generation (dkg): a group of multi-party members are allowed to generate polynomials together, and each party gets the unbiased random key. The result of dkg is that each party can get a key pair and share a public key. I hope my answer can help you, thank you very much!
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