Standard power library

1. The history of computer

the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer

as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers

British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm

the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<

Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer

the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer

the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began

at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer

after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.

2.

About

} are black sesame CEO and coo Liu Weihong

black sesame CEO. Previously, he was a member of the founding team of omnivision, a global vision chip leader. He has worked in Silicon Valley chip instry for more than 20 years and has rich experience and technology accumulation in image processing chip and software algorithm

CTO Qi Zheng is the main design member of Intel Pentium II chip, CSO Zeng Daibing is the chief engineer of ZTE microelectronics, and coo Liu Weihong was the president of chassis and control system division of Bosch China ADAS

because of its strong R & D team, heima, a start-up company, can make the ADAS chip huashan-1 A500 within three years and launch it in mass proction. This year, it will launch huashan-2 a1000 chip and launch the fad automatic driving platform

since the beginning of this year, if new cars are not equipped with L1 / L2 automatic driving, they are "embarrassed to sell", the popularity of automatic driving is rapidly increasing, and the higher level of L3 or even L4 automatic driving is on the eve of mass proction, and the demand for automatic driving chips and computing platform solutions in the instry is explosive growth. The market scale of autopilot chips alone is expected to reach trillion US dollars, becoming the largest single market in the semiconctor instry

Therefore, it is right time for fad to enter the automatic driving market

in August this year, FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute reached a technical cooperation agreement with heima. FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute will start the development of intelligent driving platform based on huashan-2 a1000 to meet the demand of subsequent mass proction models. The two sides will jointly promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in the automotive instry and accelerate the instrialization of domestic intelligent driving chips

in addition, heima has signed a number of fad fixed-point models, and it is expected that there will be models equipped with fad automatic driving platform on the market next year. In addition, many enterprises at home and abroad have begun to test fad automatic driving platform, and the test vehicles have been on the road

the great success of black sesame in automatic driving chip and domain controller makes instry research institutions begin to pay attention to this start-up company which has just been established for more than four years. In April this year, cbinsights, one of the strongest think tanks in Silicon Valley, released the list of Chinese chip design enterprises. Black sesame was listed in the field of vehicle chip, becoming one of the top 65 Chinese chip design enterprises

in July this year, black sesame Huashan No.2 a1000 chip also appeared in the world artificial intelligence conference, together with pingtouge, Yitu, Cambrian and other high-end artificial intelligence chips

it can be said that after more than four years of development, black sesame has become the world's leading autopilot chip design company, and even has the ability to compete with the eldest brother in the chip instry. At the same time, the rapid progress of black sesame also promotes the domestic automatic driving chip design to a new level

in the conversation with the two founders, they also revealed a colorful egg. Next year, hei mahjong will release a chip with stronger performance. At that time, the highest computing power of fad automatic driving platform equipped with this chip is expected to exceed 1000tops, and its computing power can be fully automatic driving

this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home

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mining
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reset the mining area back to the original state: the manual refresh device of the mining area is updated every two days
it only takes a few seconds to dig the soil, and it takes a little time to dig. It takes a lot of time, ranging from 20 minutes to 2 hours, to dig all kinds of gems, diamonds and Titans
the detonator can clear the time immediately, but the bigger the detonator is, 5-6 pieces of different kinds of ores can be obtained with each broken purple gold rock
hoe level: will be improved with the map opening event
ore type: ordinary ore (copper, tin, iron, silver, gold), various gems, diamonds, troll statues, and various soul crystals
ore usage: it can be used to forge equipment and open backpacks
detonator: clear the mining time immediately It's mainly used to dig zijinyan. There's no way to dig zijinyan. It can only be blasted with detonators.)

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5. Walk 1.5km from mining machinery garden to CCB bus station, take No.3 or No.2 bus, and walk 25m to the terminal people's hospital. Or take a taxi

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9. Deep learning needs three factors: 1. Algorithm 2. GPU machine 3. Database. GPU selection, because the general depth of learning do not need a single precision, so the most cost-effective GPU is GTX series, such as Titan x, Titan x is now the depth of learning with the most cards. If you need to know more, please send me a private letter.