Time sharing computing power
Publish: 2021-04-19 17:08:13
1. Do you say PC? In my opinion, any computer has the ability of parallel computing. It depends on how you define it. Parallel computing and distributed system are both computing methods, not hardware specifications
each task in your operating system has a process, and each process is composed of many threads. If you've ever had an operating system class, you should have met multi threads programming. You let different threads cooperate to complete the same task, which is actually called parallel computing and distributed processing.
you can see that the projects of those parallel computing classes also run algorithms with ordinary computers, The key point is that you will simulate this environment. Just like those who run network algorithms use socket to simulate, they also use a PC to simulate the network of N workstations.
if you say multi-core CPU, First of all, you don't have access to the firmware of ordinary motherboards. So you have to buy a programmable board of general purpose, But if you want to buy a multi-core basic, you can't find it... Only in the laboratory can you have it... Even if you find it... I think that the money for that board is estimated to be several times of the tuition for you to go to graate school and then enter the laboratory...
in a word, if the software is implemented, today's PC should have no problem, As for how to start parallel computing mode, you need to read the datasheet of this board.
I don't agree with the above saying that there must be two cores, People with two brains can do parallel. But the left brain and the right brain of one brain are also parallel. When refining different neurons, the other completely independent neuron is also parallel. Parallel is a way to solve problems, an idea. Parallel computing was first proposed in 1912. I can't remember when the multi-core processor appeared, But after 2000, at least
each task in your operating system has a process, and each process is composed of many threads. If you've ever had an operating system class, you should have met multi threads programming. You let different threads cooperate to complete the same task, which is actually called parallel computing and distributed processing.
you can see that the projects of those parallel computing classes also run algorithms with ordinary computers, The key point is that you will simulate this environment. Just like those who run network algorithms use socket to simulate, they also use a PC to simulate the network of N workstations.
if you say multi-core CPU, First of all, you don't have access to the firmware of ordinary motherboards. So you have to buy a programmable board of general purpose, But if you want to buy a multi-core basic, you can't find it... Only in the laboratory can you have it... Even if you find it... I think that the money for that board is estimated to be several times of the tuition for you to go to graate school and then enter the laboratory...
in a word, if the software is implemented, today's PC should have no problem, As for how to start parallel computing mode, you need to read the datasheet of this board.
I don't agree with the above saying that there must be two cores, People with two brains can do parallel. But the left brain and the right brain of one brain are also parallel. When refining different neurons, the other completely independent neuron is also parallel. Parallel is a way to solve problems, an idea. Parallel computing was first proposed in 1912. I can't remember when the multi-core processor appeared, But after 2000, at least
2. Supercomputing mainland is a cloud computing power mining app, which provides personal miners with filecoin cloud computing power mining money through self built computer rooms and servers.
3. The history of computer
the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer
as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers
British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm
the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<
Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer
the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer
the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began
at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer
after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.
the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer
as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers
British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm
the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<
Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer
the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer
the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began
at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer
after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.
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6. Computational ability is the basic ability of students to learn mathematics, is the basis of learning mathematics, training and improving students' computational ability is one of the main tasks of primary school mathematics. How to improve students' computing ability and make them calculate correctly, quickly, flexibly and reasonably? In my teaching work, I have made some discussions and research, and achieved some good results. I have summed up some experiences as follows:
first, to find problems and change students' understanding
in order to make students realize the importance of calculation, I first carried out an activity among students: let students collect the mistakes they often make in calculation, and the time is two weeks, Each student can do it by themselves, or work together in groups to find it. After two weeks, record the staggered questions, including the reasons for the mistakes, and see who is serious and accurate. When the students' enthusiasm is aroused, they shake off the problems:
(1) wrong reading, wrong ing and scribbling. 6 and 0, 1 and 7 are ambiguous
(2) when the column is vertical, the digits are not aligned
(3) do not draft when calculating
(4) one digit addition and subtraction calculation errors lead to errors in the whole question< There are two reasons for "carelessness" from the calculation errors of some students: one is that children's physical and psychological development is not mature enough, the other is that they have not formed good study habits. On the one hand, it is a natural growth process; on the other hand, it can be cultivated by corresponding methods. Therefore, while guiding students to analyze the reasons, it is necessary to highlight the cultivation of students' good learning habits, which is the key to improving their computing ability and the basic requirement of quality ecation< Second, cultivate students' good habit of calculation. Most of the mistakes in calculation are caused by careless, careless and scribbled writing. Therefore, a good calculation habit is the guarantee to improve the calculation ability. In the calculation training, students are required to do one look, two think, three calculate, four check
1. Look: it's serious. How can the result be correct if all the questions are copied wrong? Therefore, students are required to check with the original question or the previous formula in time when ing questions and calculating each step, so as to avoid ing wrong numbers or symbols. There are three points to be done: 1) check with the original question after ing the question; ② Check the numbers on the vertical type with those on the horizontal type; ③ Check the number in horizontal form with that in vertical form
2. When guiding students to do a calculation problem, they should not pick up a pen to do the calculation. They must first examine the problem, make clear what the problem should be calculated first and then, and whether there is a simple calculation method, then they can do the calculation. In addition, the calculation must be accurate first, and then fast
3. Calculation: to write and calculate carefully. The writing of assignments and exercises should be neat, not scribbled, and the format must be standardized. The writing of numbers, decimal points and operational symbols in the title should be especially standardized. There should be appropriate intervals between the numbers, and the vertical type on the draft should be aligned and organized. The calculation should be concentrated and not rush
4. After the calculation, we should first check whether the calculation method is reasonable; Secondly, check whether the numbers and symbols are copied wrong, and whether the decimal point is written wrongly or omitted; Thirdly, we should check and calculate every number and final result in the process of calculation. Therefore, it is an important way to cultivate good learning habits to prevent calculation errors and improve calculation ability< Third, to cultivate students' oral calculation ability and lay a solid foundation.
oral calculation is a calculation method that directly calculates the number by thinking and memory, which is an important part of calculation ability. Therefore, to improve students' calculation ability, we must lay a good foundation for oral calculation
1. In order to improve the accuracy and speed of students' oral arithmetic, I consciously ask students to memorize some special mathematical combinations according to their knowledge structure, such as sum is two numbers of whole ten and whole hundred (73 and 27, 98 and 2, etc.); The proct is two numbers (25) of the whole ten and the whole hundred × 4，125 × 8, etc.); The memory of these results is not only helpful to improve the accuracy of students' calculation, but also greatly improves the speed of students' calculation
2. Arrange exercises in each class. According to the teaching content and students' actual situation, each mathematics class chooses the appropriate time, arranges 3-5 minutes of oral arithmetic practice, and each student prepares a Book (daily practice of oral arithmetic). In this way, it is carried out for a long time, perseveres, and receives good results
3. For example: visual arithmetic training, listening arithmetic training, oral arithmetic, oral arithmetic games, "confrontation", "relay race" and so on, to improve students' adaptability< Fourth, strengthen the teaching of estimation. Estimation can cultivate students' sense of number, guide students to understand "operation" deeply, and help students check the correctness of calculation results. Estimation method can be used to locate the calculation results in advance and quickly determine the value range of calculation results, It can avoid mistakes caused by carelessness. Let the students look at the last digit of the result. If the indivial digits are 3 and 8, the sum of the indivial digits of the result must be 1, and the multiplication must be 4, such as 13 × In a word, the cultivation of students' computing ability should be carried out in the whole process of primary school mathematics teaching. We should not only strengthen the training of students' basic skills, but also pay attention to the targeted training of students. As long as we carefully study, constantly summarize and improve the work, and seriously dig out the ability factors in the calculation problems, the students' calculation ability will be improved.
first, to find problems and change students' understanding
in order to make students realize the importance of calculation, I first carried out an activity among students: let students collect the mistakes they often make in calculation, and the time is two weeks, Each student can do it by themselves, or work together in groups to find it. After two weeks, record the staggered questions, including the reasons for the mistakes, and see who is serious and accurate. When the students' enthusiasm is aroused, they shake off the problems:
(1) wrong reading, wrong ing and scribbling. 6 and 0, 1 and 7 are ambiguous
(2) when the column is vertical, the digits are not aligned
(3) do not draft when calculating
(4) one digit addition and subtraction calculation errors lead to errors in the whole question< There are two reasons for "carelessness" from the calculation errors of some students: one is that children's physical and psychological development is not mature enough, the other is that they have not formed good study habits. On the one hand, it is a natural growth process; on the other hand, it can be cultivated by corresponding methods. Therefore, while guiding students to analyze the reasons, it is necessary to highlight the cultivation of students' good learning habits, which is the key to improving their computing ability and the basic requirement of quality ecation< Second, cultivate students' good habit of calculation. Most of the mistakes in calculation are caused by careless, careless and scribbled writing. Therefore, a good calculation habit is the guarantee to improve the calculation ability. In the calculation training, students are required to do one look, two think, three calculate, four check
1. Look: it's serious. How can the result be correct if all the questions are copied wrong? Therefore, students are required to check with the original question or the previous formula in time when ing questions and calculating each step, so as to avoid ing wrong numbers or symbols. There are three points to be done: 1) check with the original question after ing the question; ② Check the numbers on the vertical type with those on the horizontal type; ③ Check the number in horizontal form with that in vertical form
2. When guiding students to do a calculation problem, they should not pick up a pen to do the calculation. They must first examine the problem, make clear what the problem should be calculated first and then, and whether there is a simple calculation method, then they can do the calculation. In addition, the calculation must be accurate first, and then fast
3. Calculation: to write and calculate carefully. The writing of assignments and exercises should be neat, not scribbled, and the format must be standardized. The writing of numbers, decimal points and operational symbols in the title should be especially standardized. There should be appropriate intervals between the numbers, and the vertical type on the draft should be aligned and organized. The calculation should be concentrated and not rush
4. After the calculation, we should first check whether the calculation method is reasonable; Secondly, check whether the numbers and symbols are copied wrong, and whether the decimal point is written wrongly or omitted; Thirdly, we should check and calculate every number and final result in the process of calculation. Therefore, it is an important way to cultivate good learning habits to prevent calculation errors and improve calculation ability< Third, to cultivate students' oral calculation ability and lay a solid foundation.
oral calculation is a calculation method that directly calculates the number by thinking and memory, which is an important part of calculation ability. Therefore, to improve students' calculation ability, we must lay a good foundation for oral calculation
1. In order to improve the accuracy and speed of students' oral arithmetic, I consciously ask students to memorize some special mathematical combinations according to their knowledge structure, such as sum is two numbers of whole ten and whole hundred (73 and 27, 98 and 2, etc.); The proct is two numbers (25) of the whole ten and the whole hundred × 4，125 × 8, etc.); The memory of these results is not only helpful to improve the accuracy of students' calculation, but also greatly improves the speed of students' calculation
2. Arrange exercises in each class. According to the teaching content and students' actual situation, each mathematics class chooses the appropriate time, arranges 3-5 minutes of oral arithmetic practice, and each student prepares a Book (daily practice of oral arithmetic). In this way, it is carried out for a long time, perseveres, and receives good results
3. For example: visual arithmetic training, listening arithmetic training, oral arithmetic, oral arithmetic games, "confrontation", "relay race" and so on, to improve students' adaptability< Fourth, strengthen the teaching of estimation. Estimation can cultivate students' sense of number, guide students to understand "operation" deeply, and help students check the correctness of calculation results. Estimation method can be used to locate the calculation results in advance and quickly determine the value range of calculation results, It can avoid mistakes caused by carelessness. Let the students look at the last digit of the result. If the indivial digits are 3 and 8, the sum of the indivial digits of the result must be 1, and the multiplication must be 4, such as 13 × In a word, the cultivation of students' computing ability should be carried out in the whole process of primary school mathematics teaching. We should not only strengthen the training of students' basic skills, but also pay attention to the targeted training of students. As long as we carefully study, constantly summarize and improve the work, and seriously dig out the ability factors in the calculation problems, the students' calculation ability will be improved.
7.
The category with peak valley average price is only large instrial power consumption
according to the agreement of sujigong [2018] No. 89, the peak time is 8:00-12:00 and 17:00-21:00; The average peak time was 12:00-17:00; 21:00-24:00 The trough time is 0:00-8:00
when the customer voltage level is 1-10kv, the peak price is 1.0697 yuan / kWh, the average price is 0.6418 yuan / kWh, and the low price is 0.3139 yuan / kWh
when the customer voltage level is below 20-35 kV, the peak price is 1.0597 yuan / kWh, the average price is 0.6358 yuan / kWh, and the low price is 0.3119 yuan / kWh
when the customer voltage level is below 35-110kv, the peak price is 1.0447 yuan / kWh, the average price is 0.6268 yuan / kWh, and the low price is 0.3089 yuan / kWh
when the customer voltage level is 110KV, the peak price is 1.0197 yuan / kWh, the average price is 0.6118 yuan / kWh, and the low price is 0.3039 yuan / kWh
when the customer voltage level is 220 kV or above, the peak price is 0.9947 yuan / degree, the average price is 0.5968 yuan / degree, and the low price is 0.2989 yuan / degree
extended data:
peak valley price is also called "time of use price". A tariff system in which electricity is charged separately for peak and trough consumption
the peak power consumption generally refers to the power consumption when the power consumption units are more concentrated and the power supply is tight, such as in the daytime, the charging standard is higher, and the valley power consumption generally refers to the power consumption when the power consumption units are less and the power supply is sufficient, such as in the night, the charging standard is lower
the implementation of peak valley price is concive to promoting the users to stagger the power consumption time and make full use of equipment and energy. Many countries implement peak valley electricity price, and the price difference between peak and valley can reach 50%
the system of peak valley price can give full play to the economic leverage of price, mobilize the enthusiasm of users to cut peak and fill valley, and balance electricity consumption. The application of peak valley price can ease the contradiction between power supply and demand
it improves the load rate and equipment utilization rate of the power grid, so as to control the peak load, make full use of the low valley power of the power grid, fully tap the potential of power generation and power supply equipment, and comprehensively improve the economic benefits of the whole society; At the same time, it also achieves the purpose of reasonable cost allocation
8. It's not calculated. It's calculated
9. Are you talking about QQ Gobang? If it is QQ Gobang, it is calculated as follows:
Level 9 = - 800
level 8 = - 700
Level 7 = - 600
Level 6 = - 500
Level 5 = - 400
Level 4 = - 300
Level 3 = - 200
Level 2 = - 100
Level 1 = 0
Level 1 = 100
Level 2 = 200
Level 3 = 300
Level 4 = 400
level 5 = 500
Level 6 = 600
Level 7 = 700
level 8 = 800
Level 9 When the difference between two players is less than 100:
the winner scores:
if the winner scores & gt= The score of the loser is
the score of the winner is: 10 - the difference between two people / 10
if the score of the winner is & lt; The score of the loser is: 10 + difference between two players / 10
the score of the winner is: difference between two players / 10
the score of the loser is: - difference between two players / 10
the score of the loser is equal to the score of the winner
when the difference between two players is not less than 100:
the winner gets 1 point and the loser loses 1 point
when the difference between two players is not less than 100, When the score difference between the two players is greater than or equal to 200 points, the score will not be counted
if you are a professional chess player, you are Duan Li. However, even in the face of amateurs, low-level players are likely to lose, and high-level players will not make low-level mistakes. Therefore, amateur players can basically win. There are many differences. Low level players are very different from high-level players in overall situation, computational power and research. The above-mentioned low-level and high-level players refer to the level, not the actual level, Some people have reached the high level of strength, but they have not yet got the proof. The players in the early stage of strength are not experts, and they are not good at controlling the chess game
Level 9 = - 800
level 8 = - 700
Level 7 = - 600
Level 6 = - 500
Level 5 = - 400
Level 4 = - 300
Level 3 = - 200
Level 2 = - 100
Level 1 = 0
Level 1 = 100
Level 2 = 200
Level 3 = 300
Level 4 = 400
level 5 = 500
Level 6 = 600
Level 7 = 700
level 8 = 800
Level 9 When the difference between two players is less than 100:
the winner scores:
if the winner scores & gt= The score of the loser is
the score of the winner is: 10 - the difference between two people / 10
if the score of the winner is & lt; The score of the loser is: 10 + difference between two players / 10
the score of the winner is: difference between two players / 10
the score of the loser is: - difference between two players / 10
the score of the loser is equal to the score of the winner
when the difference between two players is not less than 100:
the winner gets 1 point and the loser loses 1 point
when the difference between two players is not less than 100, When the score difference between the two players is greater than or equal to 200 points, the score will not be counted
if you are a professional chess player, you are Duan Li. However, even in the face of amateurs, low-level players are likely to lose, and high-level players will not make low-level mistakes. Therefore, amateur players can basically win. There are many differences. Low level players are very different from high-level players in overall situation, computational power and research. The above-mentioned low-level and high-level players refer to the level, not the actual level, Some people have reached the high level of strength, but they have not yet got the proof. The players in the early stage of strength are not experts, and they are not good at controlling the chess game
10. On the scale of human beings, natural phenomena are continuous, so the closer the problem is to nature, the more floating-point ability is needed. Early computers used theoretical symbols to deal with problems, or studied symbolic problems, or machine problems (such as high-level language compilation, time-sharing system), when floating-point capability was not needed. For example, Oracle database does not need too many floating-point capabilities
graphical interface, sound, image, video and game all need floating point. Because they are closer to what you see in natural life.
graphical interface, sound, image, video and game all need floating point. Because they are closer to what you see in natural life.
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