Semiconductor computing power
You can refer to the following, according to some commonly used graphics cards in the Internet bar market, sort out the price and calculation power of a related graphics card, as well as the expected return to the current period, It can be used as a reference:
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power consumption: 243w
computing power: 22.4m
price of graphics card: 1999 yuan
quantity of eth g every 24 hours: 0.015
revenue generated every 24 hours: 24.48 yuan
expected payback time: 81.66 days
power consumption: 159w
computing power: 24.3m
price of graphics card: 1599 yuan Yuan
number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017
revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.9 yuan
estimated payback time: 57.31 days
total power consumption: 171w
computing power: 24.4m
price: 1999 yuan
number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017
revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.87 yuan
estimated payback time: 71.73 days
Video card (graphics card) full name display interface card, also known as display adapter, is the most basic configuration of computer, one of the most important accessories. As an important part of the computer host, the graphics card is the equipment of digital to analog signal conversion, and it undertakes the task of output display graphics
the graphics card is connected to the main board of the computer, which converts the digital signal of the computer into an analog signal for the display. At the same time, the graphics card still has the ability of image processing, which can help the CPU work and improve the overall running speed. For those engaged in professional graphic design, graphics card is very important. Civil and military graphics chip suppliers mainly include amd (ultra micro semiconctor) and NVIDIA (NVIDIA). Today's TOP500 computer, including graphics card computing core. In scientific computing, graphics card is called display accelerator
the birth and development of modern computer before the advent of modern computer, the development of computer has gone through three stages: mechanical computer, electromechanical computer and electronic computer
as early as the 17th century, a group of European mathematicians began to design and manufacture digital computers that perform basic operations in digital form. In 1642, Pascal, a French mathematician, made the earliest decimal adder by using a gear transmission similar to clocks and watches. In 1678, Leibniz, a German mathematician, developed a computer to further solve the multiplication and division of decimal numbers
British mathematician Babbage put forward an idea when he made the model of difference machine in 1822. One arithmetic operation at a time will develop into a certain complete operation process automatically. In 1884, Babbage designed a program-controlled universal analyzer. Although this analyzer has described the rudiment of the program control computer, it can not be realized e to the technical conditions at that time< During the more than 100 years since Babbage's idea was put forward, great progress has been made in electromagnetics, electrotechnics and electronics, and vacuum diodes and vacuum triodes have been successively invented in components and devices; In terms of system technology, wireless telegraph, television and radar were invented one after another. All these achievements have prepared technical and material conditions for the development of modern computer< At the same time, mathematics and physics are developing rapidly. In the 1930s, all fields of physics experienced the stage of quantification. The mathematical equations describing various physical processes, some of which were difficult to solve by classical analysis methods. As a result, numerical analysis has been paid attention to, and various numerical integration, numerical differentiation, and numerical solutions of differential equations have been developed. The calculation process has been reced to a huge amount of basic operations, thus laying the foundation of modern computer numerical algorithm
the urgent need for advanced computing tools in society is the fundamental driving force for the birth of modern computers. Since the 20th century, there have been a lot of computational difficulties in various fields of science and technology, which has hindered the further development of the discipline. Especially before and after the outbreak of the Second World War, the need for high-speed computing tools in military science and technology is particularly urgent. During this period, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom started the research of electromechanical computer and electronic computer almost at the same time<
Giuseppe in Germany was the first to use electrical components to make computers. The fully automatic relay computer Z-3, which he made in 1941, has the characteristics of modern computer, such as floating-point counting, binary operation, instruction form of digital storage address and so on. In the United States, the relay computers mark-1, mark-2, model-1, model-5 and so on were made successively from 1940 to 1947. However, the switching speed of the relay is about one hundredth of a second, which greatly limits the computing speed of the computer
the development process of electronic computer has experienced the evolution from making components to whole machine, from special machine to general machine, from "external program" to "stored program". In 1938, the Bulgarian American scholar atanasov first made the computing unit of the electronic computer. In 1943, the communications office of the British Foreign Office made the "giant" computer. This is a special cryptanalysis machine, which was used in the Second World War< In February 1946, ENIAC, a large-scale electronic digital integrator computer, was developed by Moore College of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At first, ENIAC was also specially used for artillery trajectory calculation. Later, it was improved many times and became a general-purpose computer capable of various scientific calculations. This computer, which uses electronic circuit to perform arithmetic operation, logic operation and information storage, is 1000 times faster than relay computer. This is the first electronic computer in the world. However, the program of this kind of computer is still external, the storage capacity is too small, and it has not fully possessed the main characteristics of modern computer
the new breakthrough was completed by a design team led by mathematician von Neumann. In March 1945, they published a new general electronic computer scheme of stored program - electronic discrete variable automatic computer (EDVAC). Then in June 1946, von Neumann and others put forward a more perfect design report "preliminary study on the logical structure of electronic computer devices". From July to August of the same year, they taught a special course "theory and technology of electronic computer design" for experts from more than 20 institutions in the United States and Britain at Moore college, which promoted the design and manufacture of stored program computers< In 1949, the Mathematics Laboratory of Cambridge University in England took the lead in making EDSAC; The United States made the eastern standard automatic computer (SFAC) in 1950. At this point, the embryonic period of the development of electronic computer came to an end, and the development period of modern computer began
at the same time of creating digital computer, we also developed another kind of important computing tool analog computer. When physicists summarize the laws of nature, they often use mathematical equations to describe a process; On the contrary, the process of solving mathematical equations may also adopt the physical process simulation method. After the invention of logarithm, the slide rule made in 1620 has changed multiplication and division into addition and subtraction for calculation. Maxwell skillfully transformed the calculation of integral (area) into the measurement of length, and made the integrator in 1855< Fourier analysis, another great achievement of mathematical physics in the 19th century, played a direct role in promoting the development of simulators. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a variety of analytical machines for calculating Fourier coefficients and differential equations were developed. However, when trying to popularize the differential analysis machine to solve partial differential equations and use the simulator to solve general scientific calculation problems, people graally realize the limitations of the simulator in the aspects of universality and accuracy, and turn their main energy to the digital computer
after the advent of electronic digital computer, analog computer still continues to develop, and hybrid computer is proced by combining with digital computer. Simulators and mixers have become special varieties of modern computers, that is, efficient information processing tools or simulation tools used in specific fields
since the middle of the 20th century, the computer has been in a period of high-speed development. The computer has developed from a hardware only system to a computer system which includes three subsystems: hardware, software and firmware. The performance price ratio of computer system is increased by two orders of magnitude every 10 years. The types of computers have been divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, general-purpose computers (including giant, large and medium-sized computers), and various special computers (such as various control computers and analog-to-digital hybrid computers)
computer devices, from electron tubes to transistors, from discrete components to integrated circuits to microprocessors, have made three leaps in the development of computers< In the period of electron tube computer (1946-1959), computers were mainly used for scientific calculation. Main memory is the main factor that determines the appearance of computer technology. At that time, the main memory included mercury delay line memory, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core memory, which were usually used to classify computers.
this question is quite professional, but according to my knowledge, I have a chance to finish it let's first introce some basic knowledge about the field of chip manufacturing
I think this kind of problem at most comes from the concern and consideration of China's semiconctor instry manufacturing. Because China's 14nm process has been proced and operated in China, but compared with semiconctor giants like TSMC, we still have a big gap in 5nm and 7Nm. Therefore, there may be such a problem: if we want to use 14nm instead of 5nm, the starting point is very good, but the charm of science lies in constantly exploring the limits and unknowns. Only by constantly climbing can we have a deeper understanding of the world and improve our proctivityAbout 
} are black sesame CEO and coo Liu Weihong
black sesame CEO. Previously, he was a member of the founding team of omnivision, a global vision chip leader. He has worked in Silicon Valley chip instry for more than 20 years and has rich experience and technology accumulation in image processing chip and software algorithm
CTO Qi Zheng is the main design member of Intel Pentium II chip, CSO Zeng Daibing is the chief engineer of ZTE microelectronics, and coo Liu Weihong was the president of chassis and control system division of Bosch China ADAS
because of its strong R & D team, heima, a start-up company, can make the ADAS chip huashan-1 A500 within three years and launch it in mass proction. This year, it will launch huashan-2 a1000 chip and launch the fad automatic driving platform
since the beginning of this year, if new cars are not equipped with L1 / L2 automatic driving, they are "embarrassed to sell", the popularity of automatic driving is rapidly increasing, and the higher level of L3 or even L4 automatic driving is on the eve of mass proction, and the demand for automatic driving chips and computing platform solutions in the instry is explosive growth. The market scale of autopilot chips alone is expected to reach trillion US dollars, becoming the largest single market in the semiconctor instry
Therefore, it is right time for fad to enter the automatic driving marketin August this year, FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute reached a technical cooperation agreement with heima. FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute will start the development of intelligent driving platform based on huashan-2 a1000 to meet the demand of subsequent mass proction models. The two sides will jointly promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in the automotive instry and accelerate the instrialization of domestic intelligent driving chips
in addition, heima has signed a number of fad fixed-point models, and it is expected that there will be models equipped with fad automatic driving platform on the market next year. In addition, many enterprises at home and abroad have begun to test fad automatic driving platform, and the test vehicles have been on the road
the great success of black sesame in automatic driving chip and domain controller makes instry research institutions begin to pay attention to this start-up company which has just been established for more than four years. In April this year, cbinsights, one of the strongest think tanks in Silicon Valley, released the list of Chinese chip design enterprises. Black sesame was listed in the field of vehicle chip, becoming one of the top 65 Chinese chip design enterprises
in July this year, black sesame Huashan No.2 a1000 chip also appeared in the world artificial intelligence conference, together with pingtouge, Yitu, Cambrian and other high-end artificial intelligence chips
it can be said that after more than four years of development, black sesame has become the world's leading autopilot chip design company, and even has the ability to compete with the eldest brother in the chip instry. At the same time, the rapid progress of black sesame also promotes the domestic automatic driving chip design to a new level
in the conversation with the two founders, they also revealed a colorful egg. Next year, hei mahjong will release a chip with stronger performance. At that time, the highest computing power of fad automatic driving platform equipped with this chip is expected to exceed 1000tops, and its computing power can be fully automatic driving
this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home
2. Draw multiple cubes, arrange them in order, name them, and remove the meshender attribute (no rendering), which is equivalent to drawing a grid, which is easy to understand
3. It's troublesome to judge the range with two-dimensional array (mainly integer), The simple way is that the computer obtains the original coordinates of the model (such as the center point of the model). When the absolute value of the x value (and y value) of the mouse's real-time coordinates minus the original coordinates is equal to the side length of the square, the square (or other dry points) will be displayed with the real-time coordinates as the center, The real-time coordinates are used as the original coordinates for the next step
the daily cash withdrawal limit of ATM is 20000 automatic teller machine, also known as ATM, is the abbreviation of automatic teller machine, which means automatic teller machine. Because most of it is used for withdrawal, it is also known as ATM. It is a highly precise mechatronics device, using magnetic code card or smart card to achieve self-service of financial transactions, instead of the work of bank counter staff. It can withdraw cash, inquire deposit balance, transfer funds between accounts, inquire balance, etc; It can also carry out cash deposit (real-time entry), check deposit (none in China), passbook re registration, intermediate business, etc. Cardholders can use a credit card or savings card to make automatic withdrawal, balance inquiry, transfer, cash deposit, passbook re registration, purchase funds, change passwords, and pay mobile phone bills according to their passwords
different ATM settings are different, some are single transaction 2000, some are 2500, 3000, at most 5000 per transaction; At the time of withdrawal, ATM will prompt the maximum amount of each withdrawal
the system is unstable e to high temperature. Please check if there is any problem in the heat dissipation of CPU, graphics card, memory, hard disk, motherboard, etc. When checking the above components, check whether there is a problem of false soldering of electronic components or circuits, which makes the system unstable at high temperature, and confirm again whether it is a problem of display or power supply
graphics card driver, the computer has a common feature when running software, that is, the screen resolution will be switched, if you use 1024 × 768 resolution, when running some large software, it is easy to switch to a lower resolution. If there is a problem with the driver of the graphics card, it is likely that there will be a failure when switching the resolution, resulting in the computer black screen. The problem can be solved after updating the driver of the graphics card
the version of DirectX is too low. If the version of DirectX is too low, the problem of black screen can be solved by installing the graphics card driver and the latest version of DirectX program
although quantum computing has a bright future in theory and is also trying to make simple quantum computers, it is not known that it will take decades and hundreds of years to realize large-scale commercial use!