What's the calculation power of cows

1. How can I withdraw cash smoothly? If you want to withdraw cash, you should first consult his class's manual customer service, or look at its rules, and then proceed with the operation.

2. Annual feeding cost: 4780 yuan per head (1); feed cost: 3940 yuan 1) For 7 tons of silage, calculated at 120 yuan per ton, 840 yuan is needed 2) For one ton of hay, it costs 200 yuan per ton 3) 2 tons of straw, according to 50 yuan per ton, the fund is 100 yuan 4) 2 tons of concentrate feed, calculated at 1400 yuan per ton, will cost 2800 yuan 2 The feeding cost is 840 yuan 1) Labor cost: 310 yuan per cow per year 2) Management fee: 180 yuan per cow per year 3) Water and electricity: 30 yuan per cow per year 4) Breeding fee: 100 yuan per cow per year 5) Epidemic prevention fee: 20 yuan per cow per year 6) Treatment fee: 200 yuan per cow per year. The total annual income is 8300 yuan per calf. 1. Fresh milk income: the annual output of fresh milk is 5 tons, and the income is 8000 yuan based on 1600 yuan per ton. 2. Income from selling calves: 300 yuan. The annual income of calves is 12300 yuan. 1. Fresh milk income: the annual output of fresh milk is 5 tons, and the income is 8000 yuan based on 1600 yuan per ton. 2. Income from selling calves: 4300 yuan. Annual net income 1. Annual benefit of calving: annual income - annual feeding cost = 8300 yuan - 4780 yuan = 3520 yuan. 2. Annual benefit of calving: annual income - annual feeding cost = 12300 yuan - 4780 yuan = 7520 yuan. It can be seen from the above data that the annual net profit of raising an alt cow is between 3500 yuan and 7500 yuan, and the average net profit of each cow is more than 5000 yuan per year. Up to now, the number of cows in our city has developed from hundreds to thousands. With the continuous improvement of people's understanding of the nutritional value of milk, the consumption of milk is increasing; At present, the per capita milk consumption in our city is only 8 kg per year, which is still far behind the world average level of 100 kg; The current annual output of milk in our city is only about 4000 tons, which can only meet 50-60% of the annual demand of the five major dairy processing enterprises in our city; Since 2007, the purchase price of milk in our city has risen sharply, from 1.60-1.70 yuan per kilogram at the beginning of last year to 2.60 yuan per kilogram now, an increase of about 57%; The state and provinces have issued a series of supporting policies to encourage the development of dairy farming. Therefore, engaging in dairy farming benefits will be better and better, broad prospects. The price of garlic hit a three-year low. On March 30, the price of garlic in our city was 0.40 yuan per catty, a three-year low. In 2006, the price of garlic in our city has been maintained at a high level of 6.00-7.00 yuan per catty, and now the price has decreased by 93.2% compared with 2006. The main reason for the sharp drop of garlic price is that garlic price remained high in 2006, which stimulated garlic farmers to increase their enthusiasm for planting, resulting in a sharp increase in planting area and output in 2007. The price of beans dropped sharply. On the 28th, the price of beans in our city dropped sharply. Among them, the price of changdoudou dropped the most, at 4.00 yuan per catty, down 50.0% from last week; The price of kidney beans decreased slightly, to 3.50 yuan per catty, down 12.5% from last week. The price of leafy vegetables has dropped sharply. Recently, with the graal rise and stability of temperature, the price of leafy vegetables in our city has dropped sharply. According to the survey data on March 31, the prices of leek, coriander, Qingcai, spinach, Youmai and Tonghao were 0.90 yuan, 1.00 yuan, 0.40 yuan, 0.25 yuan, 0.50 yuan and 1.20 yuan per catty respectively, down 30.8%, 50.0%, 42.9%, 37.5%, 50.0% and 33.3% compared with last week. The price of poultry and fish rose slightly. This week, the price of poultry and fish in our city rose slightly. The prices of white striped chicken, live rooster, carp and grass carp were 6.80 yuan, 7.00 yuan, 7.00 yuan and 7.50 yuan per catty respectively, up 7.9%, 7.7%, 7.7% and 7.1% compared with last week. The national development and Reform Commission announced on the 28th that in order to increase farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain and further promote the development of grain proction, the state has decided to raise the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat proced in 2008 from the launch of new grain. This year, the minimum purchase prices of early indica rice (third class, the same below), middle late indica rice and japonica rice per 50kg were increased to 77 yuan, 79 yuan and 82 yuan respectively, and the lowest purchase prices after the increase were 7 yuan higher than those in 2007; The lowest purchase prices of white wheat, red wheat and mixed wheat were increased to 77 yuan, 72 yuan and 72 yuan respectively, and the lowest purchase prices increased by 5 yuan, 3 yuan and 3 yuan respectively compared with 2007. At the same time, the implementation scope of the lowest purchase price of Japonica Rice in 2008 was expanded from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces to Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. On February 8, the national development and Reform Commission issued a policy to increase the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat proced in 2008.

3. (1) Feeding and management of early lactation< The following points should be paid attention to in the early lactation period:
1. From 10 to 15 days after delivery, in addition to feed according to feeding standard, 1 to 2 kg concentrate should be given every day to meet the needs of continuous increase of milk yield. As long as the milk quantity increases with the increase of concentrate, the concentrate feeding quantity should continue to increase. When the milk quantity is no longer increased, the surplus concentrate will be reced“ The effect of "advance payment" feeding on general dairy cows was obvious
2. After calving, the cows continued to add 450 grams of concentrate per day until the peak of milk proction. After the peak of lactation, when the amount of milk does not rise, adjust the concentrate feeding amount according to the milk yield, body weight, body condition, etc“ The effect of "guided" feeding on High-yield dairy cows is better, and it is easy to overfertilize low yield dairy cows by "guided" feeding< (3) group feeding. In the proction, according to the different stages of lactation of dairy cows for group feeding, can achieve according to the physiological state of dairy cows scientific formula, reasonable feeding, and daily management is convenient, strong operability. The protein level of the diet should be checked if the cows failed to reach the expected milk proction peak< (4) increase the milking times appropriately. For high-yield dairy cows, it can be changed from 3 times to 4 times per day, which is beneficial to increase the milk yield in the whole lactation period
⑤ on the premise that the dry matter ratio of concentrate and roughage in the diet is not more than 60:40, and the crude fiber content is not less than 15%, concentrate should be actively put in, and the concentrate feeding rate should be increased by 0.3KG (0.35kg if necessary) every day until the daily milk yield reaching the peak of lactation does not rise< (6) provide high quality forage such as alfalfa< (7) feed with high amount of non degradable protein, such as adding cottonseed (1.5 kg / head / day)< In order to increase the energy concentration of diet, fat was added. In the peak lactation diet, 3% - 5% fat or 200-500 g calcium fatty acid can be added to meet the energy requirement of the diet< In addition, 50 grams of magnesium oxide and 100 grams of sodium bicarbonate or other buffers were added to the concentrate of high-yield dairy cows< In principle, the nutritional level of diet was controlled as follows: dry matter intake (DMI) was 2.5% - 3.5% of body weight, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 60 ∶ 40< br />? Timely breeding. Generally, 30-45 days after parturition, the reproctive organs have graally recovered, and some cows begin to show estrus. At this time, intestinal examination can be carried out for early breeding
(2) feeding management in mid lactation
in the middle lactation period, the cows had the most appetite, the highest dry matter intake (then slightly decreased), and the milk yield graally decreased from the peak. In order to keep the milk yield at a high level and not lose too fast, and graally recover the body weight but not gain too much, the following points should be achieved in feeding:
① according to the principle of "feed follows milk", that is, graally rece the amount of concentrate with the rection of milk yield
2. Feed a variety of full price diets with good palatability. In order to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows, the amount of roughage should be increased as much as possible while concentrate is graally reced
③ for lean and weak cattle, the concentrate should be slightly increased to facilitate the recovery of body condition; For the cattle with medium to upper body condition, the concentrate should be reced to avoid obesity
(3) feeding management in late lactation
the utilization efficiency of nutrients in late lactation period is higher than that in dry milk period, so it is necessary to use this period to adjust the fat condition of cows
ring the period from 200 days of lactation to dry milk, the efficiency of body fat deposition is higher than that within 200 days of lactation e to early pregnancy. If the fat condition of dairy cows changed greatly at this stage, it is better to feed them in groups so as to feed them according to the fat condition. The diet should be prepared separately for dairy cows in late lactation. There are several functions to prepare diets for these cows: one is to help cows achieve proper body fat storage; The second is to rece the cost of feed by recing some unnecessary and expensive feed, such as rumen protein and fat feed; Third, increasing the proportion of roughage will ensure the rumen health of dairy cows, so as to ensure the health of dairy cows
the daily milk proction decreased to the lowest level in the late lactation period, and the nutrition intake was mainly used for maintenance, lactation, repair of complement tissue, fetal growth and pregnancy deposition. Therefore, roughage should be used in this stage to prevent excessive obesity.

4.

Cow Reproction is the basis of cow proction. Dairy cows are generally required to be about 16-18 months old and weigh about 70% of alt body weight before breeding, while multiparous cows are generally required to be pregnant 60-80 days after delivery. The breeding plan of dairy cattle is a measure of timely breeding and delivery of cows according to the expected requirements, and it is also an important basis for the compilation of cattle turnover plan. In order to work out the plan of breeding and delivery, we should not match according to the natural breeding method. We should do a good job of breeding and matching on the basis of a comprehensive study of the proction rules and market requirements of cattle. According to the conditions such as the starting breeding age, gestation period, calving interval, proction direction, proction task, feed supply, livestock equipment and feeding management level, To determine the delivery time and number of cattle for large-scale breeding, and to work out the breeding delivery plan. There is no obvious seasonality in oestrus and mating of Holstein cows, but in proction, according to the needs of market, proction and management, some places arrange the delivery time of cows to the most suitable milk proction season, so as to improve the proction performance of cows, meet the needs of milk in the market peak season, and rece the reproctive diseases of cows. For example, dairy farms in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai usually control the calving rate of cows in June, July and August not to exceed 5%, that is, try to avoid breeding cows in September, October and November, and mainly focus on breeding before December to May of the next year. The purpose is to avoid the hot season for calving cows

the preparation method of breeding and delivery plan of cattle farm can refer to the following table

cow breeding schele

5. How to raise dairy cows

the most suitable growth temperature for dairy cows is 4-24 ℃. The high temperature in summer is also a season of vigorous microbial reproction. Green grass is difficult to keep fresh, green fodder and hay are prone to mildew and deterioration, and dairy cows are prone to mold poisoning or other digestive diseases; It is difficult to raise cows in summer; It's not the same. However, as long as measures are taken properly, dairy cows can still be raised well in summer
1. When the temperature is high in summer, the doors and windows of the cowshed should be opened to increase the air flow in the cowshed; Secondly, well water should be used to wash the trough, ng ditch and wall; Third, electric fans should be installed to evacuate cattle. The distance between cattle beds should not be less than 120 cm. The cattle should be showered directly to absorb heat and cool down
2. Pay attention to rece the humidity. The cowshed must be kept dry and free of water. The ventilation in the cowshed should be good, so that the relative humidity of the cowshed and the cattle tether should be controlled below 80%
3. Adjust the diet nutrition, green feed and concentrate feed for dairy cows in summer should be & quot; Less but better;, That is, the energy, crude protein and other nutrients in the feed should be more, but not too high, and there should be a certain amount of crude fiber. In summer, the amount of concentrate feed should be increased by 20% than usual. If the amount of soybean cake is 20% of concentrate feed, it can be increased to 25% - 30% in summer
4. To improve the feeding method, it is necessary to appropriately increase the feeding frequency, or increase the night feeding, or change the concentrate to porridge, so as to make up for the lack of feeding e to high temperature anorexia and improve the milk yield

6. There's a special ranch for farming

7.

A cow, after one year and two to three months, will mature, after about 280 days of pregnancy delivery, from then on began to lactate. If the feeding conditions are good, dairy cows can have a baby every year, and there is only two months of weaning period in the middle, while the peak period of lactation is five months

a good cow should eat 70-90 kg of feed every day, and can proce 60-80 kg of milk at most. Cows eat feed, part of which is used to maintain life, most of which is transported to the breast through blood to synthesize milk

the breast of dairy cattle was divided into four regions, each region had a separate breast. Mammary gland cells play an important role in the synthesis of fat, lactose and casein from glucose and amino acids in the blood. Globulin, vitamins and minerals in the blood enter the mammary cavity through the mammary vesicle membrane and become a part of milk

The nutritional value of milk is very high, especially suitable for the elderly and children

8. The perinatal period of dairy cows generally refers to the period from 15 days before delivery to 15 days after delivery
1. The main work of prenatal is to do the following work well
(1) increase concentrate feed, graally increase concentrate feed every day from 15 days before delivery, from 4 kg per head per day to 0.3 kg per head per day, but the maximum amount should not exceed 1% of body weight, and hay should account for more than 0.5% of body weight. The ratio of concentrate to crude was 40 ∶ 60, crude protein was 13%, crude fiber was about 20%
(2) to feed high-quality hay, the amount of hay should not be less than 0.5% of the body weight, and more than half of the hay whose length is more than 5cm
(3) nicotinic acid should be added in time to cattle with ketosis precursor (6 g per head per day)< (4) the low calcium diet was fed 30 days before delivery (calcium accounted for 0.3% - 0.4% of the dry matter in the diet, the total calcium was 50-90g per head per day), and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus was 1 ∶ 1. High calcium diet (0.7% of dry matter, 1.5 ∶ 1 or 2 ∶ 1) was used after parturition
(5) anionic salt was given 10 days before delivery< (6) feed should not be changed 7 days before delivery and 20 days after delivery< After delivery, we should pay attention to the following work
(1) the cows were fed with wheat bran (500g), salt (50g), stone powder (50g) and water (10kg) ring delivery; Or feed motherwort ointment sugar water (250 g motherwort plus 1500 g water to make motherwort ointment, add 1 kg brown sugar, add 3 kg water, preheat to about 40 ℃, once a day for 3 days), in order to help cattle recover their physical strength and discharge the placenta, and also promote the early recovery of lochia and uterus
(2) within one week after delivery, only a small amount of dilute concentrate and a little salt can be fed to increase its palatability. We should feed more high quality forage or hay to promote its digestion and absorption. When you feed hay, be sure to drink more water
(3) after one week postpartum, breast edema subsided, lochia basically cleared, appetite was good, and digestive function returned to normal. At this time, we can graally increase the concentrate and feed more high-quality hay. We should control feeding green and juicy feed. In the early stage of milk proction, early feeding should be avoided in order to avoid weight loss (negative nutrition balance) and metabolic disorders. At this stage, 0.3KG concentrate (up to 6.5kg-7kg) can be added every day. Roughage is supplied within 15kg per head of silage corn and 3kg per head of root material per day. Hay can be freely fed. The minimum feeding amount is 3kg per head per day. The daily intake of dry matter was 2.5% ～ 3% of body weight. Each kilogram of dry matter contained 2.3 ～ 2.5nnd, 18% ～ 19% CP, 0.7% ～ 1% Ca, 0.5% ～ 0.7% P, and more than 15% CF
(4) after 15 days postpartum, concentrate can be put in according to the appetite and daily milk proction (according to the ratio of milk to feed 2.5 ∶ 1) until the peak, but the daily feeding amount should not exceed 10 kg. At the same time, the supply of high-quality roughage should be ensured, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage should be 60 ∶ 40, so as to ensure the normal rumen fermentation, avoid rumen acidosis, true stomach displacement and the decrease of milk fat rate
(5) the amount of concentrate in the diet should be appropriate. If cows are in poor condition, they can be fed with high concentration diet to ensure estrus, mating and conception within 90 days. The dry matter ratio of concentrate and roughage should be adjusted to 40 ～ 45 ∶ 60 ～ 55.

9.

Correct the question. How does milk come into being? The formation process is as follows:

cattle eat grass, decompose the protein in grass into amino acids, recombine it into milk protein in the body, and secrete it from mammary gland together with water, antibody and some other nutrients to form milk

milk is one of the oldest natural drinks, known as "white blood", and its importance to human body can be imagined. Milk, as the name suggests, is squeezed from female cows. There are different grades of milk in different countries. At present, the most common is full fat, low-fat and skim milk. At present, there are quite a lot of milk additives on the market, such as high calcium and low-fat milk, which adds calcium

composition of milk

milk is rich in minerals, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum. The most difficult thing is that milk is the best source of calcium in the human body, and the proportion of calcium and phosphorus is very appropriate, which is concive to the absorption of calcium. There are at least more than 100 kinds of complex species. The main ingredients are water, fat, phospholipid, protein, lactose, inorganic salt, etc

Fresh milk should be placed in a cool place immediately, preferably in the refrigerator

do not expose milk to sunlight or light. Sunlight and light will destroy several vitamins in milk and make it lose its fragrance

the bottle cap should be properly closed to prevent the odor from entering the milk

pour the milk into the cup, teapot and other containers. If the milk is not drunk, it should be put back to the refrigerator with the cover closed, and the original bottle must not be poured back

< / OL >

supercooling also has adverse effects on milk. When milk is frozen into ice, its quality will be damaged. Therefore, milk should not be frozen, put into the refrigerator can be refrigerated