Teaching plan of mathematical computing power
Publish: 2021-04-20 18:14:55
1. Research on how to improve the ability of mathematics calculation in primary school. But in the course of this year, I deeply realized that if a child's computing ability is not strong, it will have a great impact on the child's overall math performance. So in the usual teaching, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' computing ability. But how to cultivate students' computing ability? I would like to express my opinion:
first, master the "addition and subtraction method within 10" and "addition and subtraction method within 20". As a key starting stage, elementary learning of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division will have a profound impact on students' further learning. Teaching practice tells us that any complex problem is composed of a simple problem. Whether it's two digit multiplication and division, or two digit multiplication and division, or three digit, or other more complex calculation problems, their basis is "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "99 multiplication formula". If these basic knowledge is not up to the standard and can't reach the level of blurting out without thinking, it will affect the later complex operation and reasoning. If you don't have a good command of "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "nine nine multiplication formula", you will not be able to calculate quickly and accurately in the middle and senior grades< Second, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic ability Primary school mathematics syllabus pointed out: "to cultivate students' computational ability, we should pay attention to the basic training of oral arithmetic. Oral arithmetic is not only the basis of written arithmetic, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of computational ability."
only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. The teaching content of lower grades is relatively less. The teacher can time the children in class and let them do it. At this time, the students' attention is very focused, and it will also effectively improve the students' computing speed. It can also take the form of competition to read and calculate, which can often mobilize the enthusiasm of students, but this requires the teacher to have a clear idea of each child's level. Oral arithmetic is not only to time, more important is to give children to see right and wrong, for those who can test within the specified time to give a certain reward in time, cause students to pay attention to oral arithmetic, so as to improve the ability of oral arithmetic< Third, we should pay attention to the accumulation of wrong questions.
students' learning is a process of repeated understanding and practice, and mistakes are always inevitable. Especially for the younger students, the knowledge they just learned is easy to forget. Therefore, teachers should timely understand the problems existing in students' calculation, deeply analyze the causes of their calculation errors, and carry out targeted teaching. Teachers should focus on the analysis of the reasons for the wrong questions according to the person and the topic. Most students have done the wrong questions, so teachers should focus on explaining and analyzing the reasons for the mistakes; For students with poor foundation and often making mistakes, teachers should spend more time in tutoring after class. Students should reflect on the mistakes in their oral arithmetic. Each student should prepare a book, record the mistakes in the daily homework in the book, and write down the mistakes and correction methods. In addition, it is necessary to take the students' frequently wrong questions and similar questions as the students' classroom test, and feedback again to understand the students' learning effect after correcting the mistakes. The practice of correcting wrong questions requires students to judge right and wrong, find out the mistakes, analyze the causes of mistakes, and correct them. The class adopts the form of a little doctor to find the cause of disease competition, so that students can acquire knowledge in the competition“ "Correcting mistakes" can not only satisfy students to distinguish the causes of mistakes and correct them, but also achieve the effect of prevention< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate and subtract, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. Let students understand thoroughly, they can use the method of calculation correctly and skillfully< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
to improve students' computing ability, we must pay attention to the cultivation of good computing habits. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. The students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. Make students form the habit of examining questions. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method. Make students form the habit of careful calculation and standard writing. Students are required to write neatly and the writing format should be standardized. At the same time, those who can do it by mouth should do it by mouth, while those who can't should do it by hand. In column vertical calculation, the number of digits should be aligned, and there should be an appropriate interval between the numbers. Make students form the habit of estimating and checking consciously. Teachers should teach students the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process. It is advocated to use estimating to check the correctness of the answers
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
first, master the "addition and subtraction method within 10" and "addition and subtraction method within 20". As a key starting stage, elementary learning of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division will have a profound impact on students' further learning. Teaching practice tells us that any complex problem is composed of a simple problem. Whether it's two digit multiplication and division, or two digit multiplication and division, or three digit, or other more complex calculation problems, their basis is "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "99 multiplication formula". If these basic knowledge is not up to the standard and can't reach the level of blurting out without thinking, it will affect the later complex operation and reasoning. If you don't have a good command of "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "nine nine multiplication formula", you will not be able to calculate quickly and accurately in the middle and senior grades< Second, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic ability Primary school mathematics syllabus pointed out: "to cultivate students' computational ability, we should pay attention to the basic training of oral arithmetic. Oral arithmetic is not only the basis of written arithmetic, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of computational ability."
only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. The teaching content of lower grades is relatively less. The teacher can time the children in class and let them do it. At this time, the students' attention is very focused, and it will also effectively improve the students' computing speed. It can also take the form of competition to read and calculate, which can often mobilize the enthusiasm of students, but this requires the teacher to have a clear idea of each child's level. Oral arithmetic is not only to time, more important is to give children to see right and wrong, for those who can test within the specified time to give a certain reward in time, cause students to pay attention to oral arithmetic, so as to improve the ability of oral arithmetic< Third, we should pay attention to the accumulation of wrong questions.
students' learning is a process of repeated understanding and practice, and mistakes are always inevitable. Especially for the younger students, the knowledge they just learned is easy to forget. Therefore, teachers should timely understand the problems existing in students' calculation, deeply analyze the causes of their calculation errors, and carry out targeted teaching. Teachers should focus on the analysis of the reasons for the wrong questions according to the person and the topic. Most students have done the wrong questions, so teachers should focus on explaining and analyzing the reasons for the mistakes; For students with poor foundation and often making mistakes, teachers should spend more time in tutoring after class. Students should reflect on the mistakes in their oral arithmetic. Each student should prepare a book, record the mistakes in the daily homework in the book, and write down the mistakes and correction methods. In addition, it is necessary to take the students' frequently wrong questions and similar questions as the students' classroom test, and feedback again to understand the students' learning effect after correcting the mistakes. The practice of correcting wrong questions requires students to judge right and wrong, find out the mistakes, analyze the causes of mistakes, and correct them. The class adopts the form of a little doctor to find the cause of disease competition, so that students can acquire knowledge in the competition“ "Correcting mistakes" can not only satisfy students to distinguish the causes of mistakes and correct them, but also achieve the effect of prevention< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate and subtract, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. Let students understand thoroughly, they can use the method of calculation correctly and skillfully< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
to improve students' computing ability, we must pay attention to the cultivation of good computing habits. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. The students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. Make students form the habit of examining questions. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method. Make students form the habit of careful calculation and standard writing. Students are required to write neatly and the writing format should be standardized. At the same time, those who can do it by mouth should do it by mouth, while those who can't should do it by hand. In column vertical calculation, the number of digits should be aligned, and there should be an appropriate interval between the numbers. Make students form the habit of estimating and checking consciously. Teachers should teach students the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process. It is advocated to use estimating to check the correctness of the answers
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
2. The title of love ecation makes me think about what love is in this diverse world. With this thinking, I trudged with an Italian primary school student to explore an unknown answer. Love, like air, is always ignored by us because it is invisible every day. In fact, its meaning has been integrated into life, just like parents' love, When we are in trouble and no one supports us, it is our parents who are still with us. At night, we don't forget to tell them to go to bed early, I realize that parents all over the world have a deep love for their children. Amrico has a diary that they read and write with their parents, but now many students still have a small lock on their diary. The simplest things are most easily overlooked, just like the deep love between parents and children in this great love, which many people can't feel. If love is a travel, some people may have objections. But love has no end, Happy travel. Just like life, if we regard life as a sentence, people will do heavy work for the sake of one day's release and detachment; On the contrary, if you look at life as a tour, you will feel relaxed and enrich yourself with new things every day. Therefore, you want to go on, even put in enthusiasm, and don't care how long it will last. At this time, this feeling has been sublimated into a kind of love, a kind of love for life, I went into the life of amrico, I went into the life of amrico, and I saw how they learned, lived and loved. In the moving, I found that love contains the pursuit of life. If love is a galloping blood and a jumping heart, then I think it is a noble love for the country; Slogan & quot;, But as a person with conscience, this kind of love should be firmly embedded in our hearts. When I read the moving scenes of Italian people blowing up their legs for their country and defending their homeland, I can't help thinking that our motherland was also soaked with the blood of the Chinese people, Love is great because it is not only for indivials, but also for the dignity and emotion of the whole nation. In the ecation of love, love is compared to many things, which is true and not only these; What is love; There won't be a definite answer, but I have completed my thinking about love - love is great, infinite, great power. Doing housework for my mother this summer, the teacher left a special assignment --- to experience my parents' working life. I'm talking about summer vacation, so I can't let myself be idle. Slowly, used to do some housework, for mom and dad to share. I told my mother about my homework, and my mother also said that your teacher's idea is very good! I'll set up a job for you! And do not only once, you are teachers, a stay on the serious homework, usually do not do. You're going to give me a summer vacation this time. The first is to mop the floor. Just mop it twice. My mother didn't think this job had much weight, so I got an extra job - washing dishes. I will show my hands in the kitchen, and I will take the initiative to wash my parents' feet. I like washing dishes best. Just out of the pot of food on the plate is delicious, and we finished eating, leftovers piled up in the pool, is the resie. The next day when washing dishes, it may be not adapt to it, leftovers taste particularly bad. For this reason, I wear plastic gloves to wash the dishes, and the dishes are full of oil stains. There are also some leftovers lying lazily on the plate and thrown into the garbage can, which makes people cover their nose. I'm just looking forward to it. Wash it quickly. It looks clean on the surface. With such a reluctant mood, I washed the water once or twice. Slowly, I accepted the smell and didn't feel bad. I don't need gloves when I wash the dishes. I'm just imagining that I'm going to bathe the bowls and plates, remove the stains from them, and put on a brand new and clean look. My hands itch when I see my mother cooking. I said to my mother, "let me help you cook today." Then he rolled up his sleeve and washed his hands. I first pour the rice into a small bowl, then pour it into the pot, twist the water tap, connect a small half, and start to wash the rice by hand. After washing the rice three times like this, I pour the water, and then put the rice on the fire to make the water less than one centimeter. At this time, I began to cook. What do I do? By the way, make fish flavored shredded pork! My mother helped me prepare the carrots and asparagus, and also helped me find a small knife. I began to cut the carrots. First, I cut them into pieces, and then cut the carrots into two pieces. The same is true for asparagus and shredded meat. But the shredded meat is a little difficult to cut. When it's all ready, it's time to do it, Pour a little oil, then put the sauce in, stir fry twice, and then put the shredded meat in, stir fry twice, accidentally, my hand touched the pot, I immediately cried with pain, my mother quickly took the shovel, let me use cold water to wash my hands, I thought: cooking this thing looks very common, it is not easy to do it! This reminds me of one thing that happened last week... Last Sunday, our family had dinner early. My mother, who had been tired all day, began to wash the dishes according to the original plan. So I made up my mind to realize this wish today. Just when my mother was still washing her teeth, I had prepared a basin of hot water full of love for her early. I quietly went to her mother and said happily, "Mom, let me wash your feet today and do my filial ty.". Mother felt very confused after listening, said: "daughter, how did you suddenly grow up today and learn to be filial to your parents.". I said: "Mom, this is the result of Teacher Ecation in school. You helped me to do a lot of things before. Today it's my turn to repay you.". After listening to her mother, she said with a smile: "daughter, if you have this filial piety, your mother will be satisfied. You'd better try to do well in your study. That's the best reward for your mother.". I said, "no, I have to wash your feet myself today.". My mother saw that I was very tough and had to comply. I put down the basin, put my hand into the water, measure the temperature of the water to see if it is suitable for washing feet, feel a little hot, I added some cold water. Then help her take off her socks and start to work. From the front of her feet to the back of her feet, from the back of her feet to the soles of her feet, I gently rubbed her feet and found that there was a thick cocoon on the soles of her feet. I knew that she worked too hard for me, and I admired my mother more. After a while, I washed her feet clean, mother smile, "this is the first time I met this kind of happiness.". I immediately replied, "Mom, when I grow up, I will do more for you." In this holiday, I did a lot of housework, which proved that I grew up and learned to do housework. Although I have been exhausted, but can do housework for my mother, my heart is still sweet. O(∩_ ∩) O ha ha ~ come on! Books are the treasure house of knowledge. It makes the accumulation and development of human knowledge and culture, and makes the ignorant become erudite; It is it that constantly enriches my mind and brings infinite joy and hope to my life. When I didn't even know a word, I had an indissoluble bond with the book. When I was very young, like other children, I liked to hear my mother telling stories for me with storybooks. Unlike others, I always listen to every story three or four times before I give up. In the kindergarten, the teacher accidentally found that I could tell stories, so he took out a story book for me to read to the children. Just when the teacher was surprised that I could know so many words, she suddenly found that I had taken the book upside down and was staring at it. It turns out that these stories have been "heard" and "recited" since I was a child. With the increase of word recognition, I can finally read by myself. What a happy thing it is! Every time I was alone in a room, with delicious food, I was intoxicated with excellent works, and lost myself in the pages. That kind of happiness was incomparable to any other feeling at that time&# 57348; I'm intoxicated with literature. From 365 nights to Andersen's fairy tales, so many moving stories and kind-hearted images together shape my simple and optimistic character. From red rock to how steel is tempered, I graally realize the meaning of life and find the end result of my soul in those thousand times of indomitable struggle and countless iron soldiers“ The experience of "San Mao" makes me feel more happy in my life, and the allusion of "head hanging beam, cone stabbing stock" always urges me forward&# 57348; Graally, my interest turned to science books. From the first set of Knowledge Series "one hundred thousand whys" I came into contact with, I don't know how many mysteries I have solved and how many fresh knowledge I have learned. The next reading of "network book", "interesting physics" and so on, I can't help but put down my mind and forget to eat and sleep. It should be said that I would never have been so interested in natural science today if I hadn't read eagerly year after year and day after day&# 57348; Books are my closest friends. They give me knowledge and strength. Today, I roam in the sea of books and learning, tomorrow, I will use knowledge to create life. All this, how can we not say that it is the gift of the book - this is the accident between me and the book. Book, what a simple and ordinary eye! However, it occupies a very high position in my mind. In the long river of my memory, there are always "the story of books" in my mind. I have an indissoluble bond with books. Whenever I hold up a book with a book cover, I can't help thinking of the past... How important books are to me! If I believe that life is the first, then books must be second only to life one - ranking second. I used to cry for the book, sad for the book, that may be my attachment to the book. Whenever I look at a book "retirement", I feel extremely sad, it's like digging half of my flesh. I carefully hide the book in the bookcase, I can't bear to dig out my own flesh? From the first time I saw her, there was an inexplicable feeling in my heart: "she was predestined with me." In the days after that, I would try my best to get close to her and try to understand her. After a short time, I graally found that I had fallen in love with her deeply. Perhaps tired of the bitter and tasteless ABC, or to escape the suffocating x + y = 4, I asked her out again and again, from her fragrant title page, to a strange and fresh world. Don't be "there's gold in the book"
3. Metric fine tooth ordinary thread nominal diameter 10mm pitch 1mm pitch diameter tolerance 5g top diameter tolerance 6G Screwing Length 2mm
4. 1、 The topic
curriculum reform is the core content of the whole ecation reform, and it is one of the key links to effectively promote quality ecation. Mathematics is an important part of the national basic ecation curriculum reform. In today's society, many countries regard mathematics ecation as an important part of citizen quality ecation in the development strategy of basic ecation, and put it in a prominent position. Calculation is the most widely used mathematical method in people's life, study, scientific research and life practice. It is also one of the important tools for people to understand the objective world and the surrounding things. From an abstract point of view, the manifestation of the objective world can be summarized as: number, quantity, space and time, and the relationship between them. From the point of view of mathematics, it is mainly manifested in number, quantity and form. Calculation is inseparable from number and calculation, and the quantification of spatial form and its relationship is inseparable from number and calculation. After the law of any subject is reced to formula, four mixed operations are basically used to calculate
according to the quality analysis of homework, unit test and final test, it is found that the students in our school are generally slow in calculation and inflexible in methods, which leads to a large difference in learning quality. Therefore, through discussion, the teachers of the mathematics group decided to carry out the research on improving the primary school students' calculation ability, in order to improve the students' interest in calculation, flexibly use various operation laws, and quickly and accurately complete various relevant calculations. We all know that it is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching to cultivate students' computing ability. In the stage of basic ecation, there is no solid computing ability, which will not only affect students' learning, but also hinder students' thinking flexibility, divergence and creativity. Therefore, how to improve students' computing ability has become an important problem in primary school mathematics teaching< Second, research status
1. Teachers don't know enough about the cultivation of students' computational ability
they only pay attention to students' written calculation ability, but ignore students' oral calculation ability and estimation ability. In fact, it is very important to cultivate students' oral calculation ability. In the four calculations, oral calculation is the foundation, and the foundation must be laid well. The accuracy of students' written calculation is in direct proportion to their oral calculation ability. In daily life, there is calculation everywhere, and estimation is indispensable everywhere. With the rapid development of computing tools and the wide use of computers, the content and requirements of large number computing are being adjusted. Therefore, in a sense, the application of estimation has greatly exceeded the accurate calculation
2. Teachers only focus on the results of students' calculation, but do not pay attention to the process
in fact, calculation is a complex operation process, which requires a lot of operation steps to get a result, so we should carefully analyze what is wrong. When correcting the calculation questions, we should point out the wrong step according to the students' calculation order. Let the students know the cause of the error and then correct it
3. Teachers don't pay enough attention to the teaching of computing.
in teaching, they pay more attention to the cultivation of students' logical thinking ability and spatial concept, but ignore the cultivation of computing ability. They think that there is a high technology now, and students can use computers and calculators to calculate as long as they can. In order to proce the deviation in concept, they should let students understand the calculation theory and algorithms, By solving practical problems, the computing power is further improved
4. Students do not re calculate, but only focus on algorithm
when learning calculation, they do not understand the calculation theory, that is, why they do so, but they attach great importance to the calculation algorithm, thinking that as long as they can calculate. There is a general lack of interest in calculation problems. They think that calculation problems can be solved without thinking, resulting in cognitive bias, so that they are not serious enough
5. Students' consciousness of simple calculation is not strong
students' calculation method is not reasonable and flexible, students' calculation method should be flexible, choose a reasonable algorithm from a variety of solutions to achieve the optimization of the algorithm, but in fact, students' consciousness of simple calculation is not strong, if a calculation problem is not required to be simple, the problem that can be easily calculated is not easy to calculate, We can't choose the best way to solve the problem according to the characteristics of the specific formula< Third, the definition and significance of the topic
"computational ability" refers to the ability of students to do oral arithmetic, mental arithmetic, estimation and written arithmetic. Computational ability can not exist in isolation without specific mathematical knowledge, nor can it develop independently without other abilities. It is the mutual penetration of computational ability, memory ability, observation ability, understanding ability, association ability and expression ability, and it also supports each other with mathematical abilities such as logical thinking ability. Therefore, the problem of improving the computing ability is a comprehensive problem. In the process of teaching, we should strive to cultivate the computing ability, guide constantly, accumulate and improve graally
calculation teaching mainly refers to the teaching of calculation meaning and calculation method. The teaching of operation meaning and calculation method is combined
the calculation ability of primary school students refers to the students' high accuracy and appropriate speed in basic mathematics calculation according to the requirements of curriculum standards, including the mastery of basic methods and the rational and flexible use of them
this topic focuses on the cultivation of students' good calculation habits in mathematics classroom teaching under the guidance of the new curriculum concept, so as to promote students' mastery of calculation methods, improve the accuracy of students' mathematical calculation, make them reach a certain degree of proficiency, and graally achieve reasonable and flexible calculation methods
mathematics curriculum standard emphasizes that "students should further cultivate the sense of number and enhance their understanding of the meaning of operation by solving practical problems" and "students should experience the process of abstracting the quantitative relationship from practical problems and using the knowledge they have learned to solve problems". The new curriculum has also carried out a substantial reform in the teaching of calculation, repositioning the values of the teaching of calculation. The teaching of calculation is no longer just for the sake of calculation, but attaches importance to the concept teaching of
number, attaches importance to oral calculation, strengthens estimation, advocates the diversification of algorithms, reces pure skill training, and avoids complicated calculation. Combining it with the real life and emotional attitude advocated in the new curriculum standard requires that students' computational learning activities should be transformed from simply relying on imitation and memory into a vivid, active and creative process, so that students can learn mathematics in life< Fourth, the theoretical basis of the research project. Teaching activity is a kind of social practice, which mainly includes two aspects: teachers and students. Epistemology tells us that the general law of people's understanding of things is "practice -- Cognition -- Re practice -- Re cognition."< (2) theoretical basis of psychology. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, knowledge in textbooks is an objective thing, and students' cognitive structure is the reflection of knowledge structure in students' minds. Students are the active subject. They absorb and assimilate new knowledge on the basis of the original cognitive structure, enrich and perfect the original cognitive structure, and form a new cognitive structure with the unification of new and old knowledge“ Pay attention to students' existing experience, cultivate students' flexible calculation method. "Because of the emphasis on students' existing experience, enrich the original cognitive structure, students not only learn to" discover "knowledge by themselves, but also cultivate their awareness of autonomous learning and innovation ability< (3) the theoretical basis of modern pedagogy. Modern ecation theory emphasizes that the teaching process is the process of bilateral activities between teachers and students, and the leading role of teachers is very important. But students are the main body of learning, whether students actively participate or not has a great impact on the teaching effect. In the teaching of calculation, teachers must not be satisfied with explaining the calculation rules and formulas clearly, but should be good at inspiring and guiding students, fully mobilizing their enthusiasm and initiative in learning, so that students can really understand the calculation theory and master the calculation ability< To make students understand the basic principles of number operation and be able to use a variety of methods for calculation; It enables students to explore and understand the law of operation, preliminarily understand the mathematical thought of incomplete inction, preliminarily experience the orderliness of mathematical thinking, and be able to use the law to carry out simple operation, so as to improve their calculation ability from various aspects
2. Improve the teaching method of computing teaching, improve the teaching value and efficiency of computing teaching
3. Through research, we seek teaching strategies to improve students' computing speed and accuracy, and summarize training methods to improve students' computing ability, so as to improve students' academic performance and lay a solid foundation for students' future study
4. In the research, we should cultivate teachers' awareness of scientific research and constantly improve teachers' level of ecational research< Six, research content
around the focus of the research, we will research content is divided into three parts:
1, promote students to develop good computing habits
some students' computing ability is low, of course, there are some reasons, such as unclear concepts, no real understanding of computing theory, no proficiency in algorithms and so on, but the lack of good computing habits is also one of the important reasons. Some of them have bad habit of examining questions, and they often do it after half reading; In some cases, the writing is not standardized, the numbers and operational symbols are scribbled, and the numbers and symbols are copied wrongly; Some do not have the habit of checking the calculation and finish the calculation. In view of these phenomena, we believe that in order to improve students' computing ability, we should first cultivate students' good computing habits and let them master some methods. We will study how to promote students' good calculation habits in classroom teaching, extracurricular practice, examination and testing
2. Research on how to use classroom teaching to improve students' computing ability
the basic knowledge of calculation is widely distributed in primary school mathematics textbooks. Every mathematics teacher is required to be familiar with the teaching requirements of each textbook, carefully design teaching plans according to pupils' cognitive rules, age characteristics and knowledge base, and flexibly control the teaching process. At the same time of strengthening the basic knowledge, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of ability and development of intelligence, and strive to achieve the best teaching effect. We will focus on these three aspects:
(1) research on the teaching process and method of computing
dominated by the traditional teaching concept, many teachers follow the principle of "practice makes perfect" and implement the "sea of questions" strategy in computing teaching, which makes more and more students hate and fear computing. Reading the new curriculum standard carefully, it is not difficult to find that the requirement of calculation mentioned "attach importance to the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness and practical ability". This requires us to actively change our teaching concept, and put the teaching goal more in the thinking process of computing itself, and how to carry out the teaching and learning activities of computing, so that students can actively and happily participate in computing, feel the charm of computing, taste the fun of computing, and improve the ability of computing. Therefore, we will study how to carry out the teaching process in the classroom of computing teaching, and how to use teaching strategies to make students really love and understand computing
(2) research on algorithm diversification
"encouraging algorithm diversification" is an important concept of the new curriculum standard. The essence of algorithm diversification is to let students learn new knowledge from their existing knowledge and experience, and encourage students to explore solutions through independent thinking. The diversity of algorithms has been paid great attention and actively practiced by the majority of teachers, but the understanding and grasp of the diversity of algorithms are different
curriculum reform is the core content of the whole ecation reform, and it is one of the key links to effectively promote quality ecation. Mathematics is an important part of the national basic ecation curriculum reform. In today's society, many countries regard mathematics ecation as an important part of citizen quality ecation in the development strategy of basic ecation, and put it in a prominent position. Calculation is the most widely used mathematical method in people's life, study, scientific research and life practice. It is also one of the important tools for people to understand the objective world and the surrounding things. From an abstract point of view, the manifestation of the objective world can be summarized as: number, quantity, space and time, and the relationship between them. From the point of view of mathematics, it is mainly manifested in number, quantity and form. Calculation is inseparable from number and calculation, and the quantification of spatial form and its relationship is inseparable from number and calculation. After the law of any subject is reced to formula, four mixed operations are basically used to calculate
according to the quality analysis of homework, unit test and final test, it is found that the students in our school are generally slow in calculation and inflexible in methods, which leads to a large difference in learning quality. Therefore, through discussion, the teachers of the mathematics group decided to carry out the research on improving the primary school students' calculation ability, in order to improve the students' interest in calculation, flexibly use various operation laws, and quickly and accurately complete various relevant calculations. We all know that it is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching to cultivate students' computing ability. In the stage of basic ecation, there is no solid computing ability, which will not only affect students' learning, but also hinder students' thinking flexibility, divergence and creativity. Therefore, how to improve students' computing ability has become an important problem in primary school mathematics teaching< Second, research status
1. Teachers don't know enough about the cultivation of students' computational ability
they only pay attention to students' written calculation ability, but ignore students' oral calculation ability and estimation ability. In fact, it is very important to cultivate students' oral calculation ability. In the four calculations, oral calculation is the foundation, and the foundation must be laid well. The accuracy of students' written calculation is in direct proportion to their oral calculation ability. In daily life, there is calculation everywhere, and estimation is indispensable everywhere. With the rapid development of computing tools and the wide use of computers, the content and requirements of large number computing are being adjusted. Therefore, in a sense, the application of estimation has greatly exceeded the accurate calculation
2. Teachers only focus on the results of students' calculation, but do not pay attention to the process
in fact, calculation is a complex operation process, which requires a lot of operation steps to get a result, so we should carefully analyze what is wrong. When correcting the calculation questions, we should point out the wrong step according to the students' calculation order. Let the students know the cause of the error and then correct it
3. Teachers don't pay enough attention to the teaching of computing.
in teaching, they pay more attention to the cultivation of students' logical thinking ability and spatial concept, but ignore the cultivation of computing ability. They think that there is a high technology now, and students can use computers and calculators to calculate as long as they can. In order to proce the deviation in concept, they should let students understand the calculation theory and algorithms, By solving practical problems, the computing power is further improved
4. Students do not re calculate, but only focus on algorithm
when learning calculation, they do not understand the calculation theory, that is, why they do so, but they attach great importance to the calculation algorithm, thinking that as long as they can calculate. There is a general lack of interest in calculation problems. They think that calculation problems can be solved without thinking, resulting in cognitive bias, so that they are not serious enough
5. Students' consciousness of simple calculation is not strong
students' calculation method is not reasonable and flexible, students' calculation method should be flexible, choose a reasonable algorithm from a variety of solutions to achieve the optimization of the algorithm, but in fact, students' consciousness of simple calculation is not strong, if a calculation problem is not required to be simple, the problem that can be easily calculated is not easy to calculate, We can't choose the best way to solve the problem according to the characteristics of the specific formula< Third, the definition and significance of the topic
"computational ability" refers to the ability of students to do oral arithmetic, mental arithmetic, estimation and written arithmetic. Computational ability can not exist in isolation without specific mathematical knowledge, nor can it develop independently without other abilities. It is the mutual penetration of computational ability, memory ability, observation ability, understanding ability, association ability and expression ability, and it also supports each other with mathematical abilities such as logical thinking ability. Therefore, the problem of improving the computing ability is a comprehensive problem. In the process of teaching, we should strive to cultivate the computing ability, guide constantly, accumulate and improve graally
calculation teaching mainly refers to the teaching of calculation meaning and calculation method. The teaching of operation meaning and calculation method is combined
the calculation ability of primary school students refers to the students' high accuracy and appropriate speed in basic mathematics calculation according to the requirements of curriculum standards, including the mastery of basic methods and the rational and flexible use of them
this topic focuses on the cultivation of students' good calculation habits in mathematics classroom teaching under the guidance of the new curriculum concept, so as to promote students' mastery of calculation methods, improve the accuracy of students' mathematical calculation, make them reach a certain degree of proficiency, and graally achieve reasonable and flexible calculation methods
mathematics curriculum standard emphasizes that "students should further cultivate the sense of number and enhance their understanding of the meaning of operation by solving practical problems" and "students should experience the process of abstracting the quantitative relationship from practical problems and using the knowledge they have learned to solve problems". The new curriculum has also carried out a substantial reform in the teaching of calculation, repositioning the values of the teaching of calculation. The teaching of calculation is no longer just for the sake of calculation, but attaches importance to the concept teaching of
number, attaches importance to oral calculation, strengthens estimation, advocates the diversification of algorithms, reces pure skill training, and avoids complicated calculation. Combining it with the real life and emotional attitude advocated in the new curriculum standard requires that students' computational learning activities should be transformed from simply relying on imitation and memory into a vivid, active and creative process, so that students can learn mathematics in life< Fourth, the theoretical basis of the research project. Teaching activity is a kind of social practice, which mainly includes two aspects: teachers and students. Epistemology tells us that the general law of people's understanding of things is "practice -- Cognition -- Re practice -- Re cognition."< (2) theoretical basis of psychology. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, knowledge in textbooks is an objective thing, and students' cognitive structure is the reflection of knowledge structure in students' minds. Students are the active subject. They absorb and assimilate new knowledge on the basis of the original cognitive structure, enrich and perfect the original cognitive structure, and form a new cognitive structure with the unification of new and old knowledge“ Pay attention to students' existing experience, cultivate students' flexible calculation method. "Because of the emphasis on students' existing experience, enrich the original cognitive structure, students not only learn to" discover "knowledge by themselves, but also cultivate their awareness of autonomous learning and innovation ability< (3) the theoretical basis of modern pedagogy. Modern ecation theory emphasizes that the teaching process is the process of bilateral activities between teachers and students, and the leading role of teachers is very important. But students are the main body of learning, whether students actively participate or not has a great impact on the teaching effect. In the teaching of calculation, teachers must not be satisfied with explaining the calculation rules and formulas clearly, but should be good at inspiring and guiding students, fully mobilizing their enthusiasm and initiative in learning, so that students can really understand the calculation theory and master the calculation ability< To make students understand the basic principles of number operation and be able to use a variety of methods for calculation; It enables students to explore and understand the law of operation, preliminarily understand the mathematical thought of incomplete inction, preliminarily experience the orderliness of mathematical thinking, and be able to use the law to carry out simple operation, so as to improve their calculation ability from various aspects
2. Improve the teaching method of computing teaching, improve the teaching value and efficiency of computing teaching
3. Through research, we seek teaching strategies to improve students' computing speed and accuracy, and summarize training methods to improve students' computing ability, so as to improve students' academic performance and lay a solid foundation for students' future study
4. In the research, we should cultivate teachers' awareness of scientific research and constantly improve teachers' level of ecational research< Six, research content
around the focus of the research, we will research content is divided into three parts:
1, promote students to develop good computing habits
some students' computing ability is low, of course, there are some reasons, such as unclear concepts, no real understanding of computing theory, no proficiency in algorithms and so on, but the lack of good computing habits is also one of the important reasons. Some of them have bad habit of examining questions, and they often do it after half reading; In some cases, the writing is not standardized, the numbers and operational symbols are scribbled, and the numbers and symbols are copied wrongly; Some do not have the habit of checking the calculation and finish the calculation. In view of these phenomena, we believe that in order to improve students' computing ability, we should first cultivate students' good computing habits and let them master some methods. We will study how to promote students' good calculation habits in classroom teaching, extracurricular practice, examination and testing
2. Research on how to use classroom teaching to improve students' computing ability
the basic knowledge of calculation is widely distributed in primary school mathematics textbooks. Every mathematics teacher is required to be familiar with the teaching requirements of each textbook, carefully design teaching plans according to pupils' cognitive rules, age characteristics and knowledge base, and flexibly control the teaching process. At the same time of strengthening the basic knowledge, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of ability and development of intelligence, and strive to achieve the best teaching effect. We will focus on these three aspects:
(1) research on the teaching process and method of computing
dominated by the traditional teaching concept, many teachers follow the principle of "practice makes perfect" and implement the "sea of questions" strategy in computing teaching, which makes more and more students hate and fear computing. Reading the new curriculum standard carefully, it is not difficult to find that the requirement of calculation mentioned "attach importance to the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness and practical ability". This requires us to actively change our teaching concept, and put the teaching goal more in the thinking process of computing itself, and how to carry out the teaching and learning activities of computing, so that students can actively and happily participate in computing, feel the charm of computing, taste the fun of computing, and improve the ability of computing. Therefore, we will study how to carry out the teaching process in the classroom of computing teaching, and how to use teaching strategies to make students really love and understand computing
(2) research on algorithm diversification
"encouraging algorithm diversification" is an important concept of the new curriculum standard. The essence of algorithm diversification is to let students learn new knowledge from their existing knowledge and experience, and encourage students to explore solutions through independent thinking. The diversity of algorithms has been paid great attention and actively practiced by the majority of teachers, but the understanding and grasp of the diversity of algorithms are different
5. Computational ability is a basic mathematical ability. It is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching to cultivate primary school students' computational ability. In recent years, it is not difficult to find that the phenomenon of students losing points e to calculation errors is more and more serious. As a math teacher, we should consciously cultivate students' computing ability in the usual teaching
first, the teaching contents and requirements should be adapted to the age characteristics of students according to the cognitive rules of students; The order of calculation teaching should be suitable for the order of students' psychological development; Teaching methods should also adapt to the age characteristics of students. For example: the vast majority of students in grade one master carry addition and abdication subtraction within 20, and can do addition and subtraction within 100 easily. 2. 3. Some children can get rid of the physical calculation partially or completely and enter the calculation of addition and subtraction of abstract numbers. Their reasoning methods are various; Some of the sophomores can use continuous addition when they are doing multiplication problems, while others can use another addition method to add the number of people as the same number
Second, strict teaching requirements are the premise. The syllabus is required to reach three levels in the teaching of calculation. Specifically, it is required to be proficient in the most important oral arithmetic, such as addition and subtraction of one digit, multiplication and division in the table, according to the status and role of each part; In addition to the basic oral calculation, the addition and subtraction method within ten thousand and the written calculation of multiplying by one or two digits and dividing by many digits are required to be proficient; For the written calculation of three digit multiplication and division of multiple digits, it is only required to be able to calculate. In the primary school stage, especially in the middle and low grades of primary school, is an important stage of calculation teaching, must pass the calculation pass. To pass the calculation, the first thing is to ensure the correct calculation, which is the core. If the calculation is wrong, the rest is meaningless. However, if we only talk about correctness and do not require rationality and flexibility, it will also affect the improvement of computing power. For example, for the addition and subtraction method within 20, some students use the method of rounding up ten and the method of adding and subtracting by watching, while others use the method of putting learning tools or breaking fingers and toes and counting one by one to do the addition and subtraction. The results are all correct, but the latter obviously does not meet the requirements. Another example: in the double-digit plus or minus two digits, there are various calculation methods, which can be calculated from the low level or from the high level. Students should be guided to observe carefully, analyze concretely and use flexibly. In the continuous addition of three or four numbers, the key is to be able to round. If not, it will also affect the accuracy of calculation. It is difficult to be proficient. After learning the operation law and quick calculation method, if you can't use it, even if the calculation is correct, it can't meet the teaching requirements. Therefore, teaching in strict accordance with the teaching requirements is the premise of improving students' computing ability< In primary school, students are faced with a variety of calculation problems. In order to get the calculation results, we should first consider what mathematical concepts, operation laws, operation properties, operation rules and calculation formulas to use. Therefore, it is the premise for students to fully understand and master these basic knowledge. Some students make mistakes in the calculation in the exam, not because they can't really calculate, but because the operation law or the operation law is not clear, resulting in calculation errors. Only when the relevant basic knowledge is explained clearly and the students really master it, the students will not make mistakes in calculation. If the student is calculating 250 × At 24 o'clock, many students do this: 250 × 24=250 × 20+4=250 × 20 + 250 = 5000 + 250 = 5250 students know that this problem can be calculated in a simple way. But in the calculation, e to the wrong use of the multiplication allocation law, the final calculation result is wrong. Just imagine, when our teacher teaches the law of distribution by multiplication, if he can let the students really understand the essence of the law and know that the law is to multiply the sum of two numbers by the third number into the sum of these two numbers multiplied by the third number, the students will not make the above mistakes in calculation. Especially in the senior grade, the basic knowledge of mathematics has been very rich, so in teaching, we must not rush for success, but should help students learn to sort out the basic knowledge they have learned and use it flexibly< Fourth, cultivate students' good calculation habits. Good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Therefore, teachers should strictly require students to listen to the class seriously, think seriously, finish their homework seriously and independently, and review before practice. In practice, they should study hard and carefully. They should not easily ask others or rush to verify the number. We should also develop the habit of self-examination, checking calculation and correcting mistakes. When calculating, let students form the habit of seeing, thinking, calculating and acting. The so-called "one look, two think, three calculate, four act" refers to: first, to see the numbers and symbols in the title; Second, think about what method to use or whether there is a simple method, and what should be paid attention to when calculating, what should be calculated first. What is after; The third step is to calculate; The fourth step is to calculate, find problems and correct them in time. Teachers should also strengthen the guidance of writing format. The standardized writing format can express students' operation ideas, calculation methods and steps, and prevent mistakes and omissions in writing some numbers and operation symbols. Teachers should set an example for students. Such as: problem-solving teaching, examination before, analysis after. Clear thinking and clear hierarchy; The writing on the blackboard is concise and focused. The cultivation of computational ability is a long-term and continuous process. Students' computational ability is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching. In teaching, teachers should examine computational teaching from the perspective of students, treat computation from the perspective of students, promote students' thinking in the process of experiencing happiness and interest, and guide students to taste the inherent charm of mathematics, It fully embodies the modern teaching concept of "student development oriented"
reference: http://wenku..com/link?url=_ G876XTXUbOoPop-
first, the teaching contents and requirements should be adapted to the age characteristics of students according to the cognitive rules of students; The order of calculation teaching should be suitable for the order of students' psychological development; Teaching methods should also adapt to the age characteristics of students. For example: the vast majority of students in grade one master carry addition and abdication subtraction within 20, and can do addition and subtraction within 100 easily. 2. 3. Some children can get rid of the physical calculation partially or completely and enter the calculation of addition and subtraction of abstract numbers. Their reasoning methods are various; Some of the sophomores can use continuous addition when they are doing multiplication problems, while others can use another addition method to add the number of people as the same number
Second, strict teaching requirements are the premise. The syllabus is required to reach three levels in the teaching of calculation. Specifically, it is required to be proficient in the most important oral arithmetic, such as addition and subtraction of one digit, multiplication and division in the table, according to the status and role of each part; In addition to the basic oral calculation, the addition and subtraction method within ten thousand and the written calculation of multiplying by one or two digits and dividing by many digits are required to be proficient; For the written calculation of three digit multiplication and division of multiple digits, it is only required to be able to calculate. In the primary school stage, especially in the middle and low grades of primary school, is an important stage of calculation teaching, must pass the calculation pass. To pass the calculation, the first thing is to ensure the correct calculation, which is the core. If the calculation is wrong, the rest is meaningless. However, if we only talk about correctness and do not require rationality and flexibility, it will also affect the improvement of computing power. For example, for the addition and subtraction method within 20, some students use the method of rounding up ten and the method of adding and subtracting by watching, while others use the method of putting learning tools or breaking fingers and toes and counting one by one to do the addition and subtraction. The results are all correct, but the latter obviously does not meet the requirements. Another example: in the double-digit plus or minus two digits, there are various calculation methods, which can be calculated from the low level or from the high level. Students should be guided to observe carefully, analyze concretely and use flexibly. In the continuous addition of three or four numbers, the key is to be able to round. If not, it will also affect the accuracy of calculation. It is difficult to be proficient. After learning the operation law and quick calculation method, if you can't use it, even if the calculation is correct, it can't meet the teaching requirements. Therefore, teaching in strict accordance with the teaching requirements is the premise of improving students' computing ability< In primary school, students are faced with a variety of calculation problems. In order to get the calculation results, we should first consider what mathematical concepts, operation laws, operation properties, operation rules and calculation formulas to use. Therefore, it is the premise for students to fully understand and master these basic knowledge. Some students make mistakes in the calculation in the exam, not because they can't really calculate, but because the operation law or the operation law is not clear, resulting in calculation errors. Only when the relevant basic knowledge is explained clearly and the students really master it, the students will not make mistakes in calculation. If the student is calculating 250 × At 24 o'clock, many students do this: 250 × 24=250 × 20+4=250 × 20 + 250 = 5000 + 250 = 5250 students know that this problem can be calculated in a simple way. But in the calculation, e to the wrong use of the multiplication allocation law, the final calculation result is wrong. Just imagine, when our teacher teaches the law of distribution by multiplication, if he can let the students really understand the essence of the law and know that the law is to multiply the sum of two numbers by the third number into the sum of these two numbers multiplied by the third number, the students will not make the above mistakes in calculation. Especially in the senior grade, the basic knowledge of mathematics has been very rich, so in teaching, we must not rush for success, but should help students learn to sort out the basic knowledge they have learned and use it flexibly< Fourth, cultivate students' good calculation habits. Good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Therefore, teachers should strictly require students to listen to the class seriously, think seriously, finish their homework seriously and independently, and review before practice. In practice, they should study hard and carefully. They should not easily ask others or rush to verify the number. We should also develop the habit of self-examination, checking calculation and correcting mistakes. When calculating, let students form the habit of seeing, thinking, calculating and acting. The so-called "one look, two think, three calculate, four act" refers to: first, to see the numbers and symbols in the title; Second, think about what method to use or whether there is a simple method, and what should be paid attention to when calculating, what should be calculated first. What is after; The third step is to calculate; The fourth step is to calculate, find problems and correct them in time. Teachers should also strengthen the guidance of writing format. The standardized writing format can express students' operation ideas, calculation methods and steps, and prevent mistakes and omissions in writing some numbers and operation symbols. Teachers should set an example for students. Such as: problem-solving teaching, examination before, analysis after. Clear thinking and clear hierarchy; The writing on the blackboard is concise and focused. The cultivation of computational ability is a long-term and continuous process. Students' computational ability is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching. In teaching, teachers should examine computational teaching from the perspective of students, treat computation from the perspective of students, promote students' thinking in the process of experiencing happiness and interest, and guide students to taste the inherent charm of mathematics, It fully embodies the modern teaching concept of "student development oriented"
reference: http://wenku..com/link?url=_ G876XTXUbOoPop-
6. A new round of curriculum reform, the value of computing teaching re positioning, is no longer simply for the sake of calculation and calculation, requires students' computing learning activities from simply relying on imitation and memory, into a vivid, active and creative process, let students learn mathematics in life. How to put the new curriculum concept into the classroom of Computational Mathematics and improve the effectiveness of computational teaching< First, the thought of oral arithmetic should be in step with the thought of oral arithmetic.
oral arithmetic is a kind of calculation method that calculates and obtains results by thinking and language. Oral calculation plays an important role in the whole calculation teaching. It is the basis of estimation and simple calculation. To improve students' calculation ability, we must lay a good foundation of oral calculation. But in the classroom reform, some teachers let students use the idea of "written calculation" instead of the idea of "oral calculation", which is just that students apply the idea of "written calculation" to oral calculation. Just imagine, when the number is large, is it OK for students to use this method of oral calculation? The real thought of oral arithmetic and the thought of oral arithmetic pass by here, which shows that the pace of the thought of oral arithmetic is not consistent with the thought of oral arithmetic, and paying attention to the thought of oral arithmetic has become an empty talk. This will lead to the postnatal poor development of students' oral arithmetic ability, which has an inestimable loss to students' subsequent learning. Therefore, in the teaching of calculation, we should strengthen the training of the thought and method of oral calculation in step, pay attention to the students' understanding and implementation of the basic algorithm, pay attention to the internalization of students' thought of oral calculation, help students learn to flexibly choose the method of oral calculation according to the actual situation, let students understand and master the real method of oral calculation, and feel the value of oral calculation, To arouse the need of students to do oral arithmetic, to do it correctly< Second, in the process of calculation teaching, we should pay attention to the harmonious unity of oral calculation, written calculation and estimation Mathematics curriculum standard also clearly puts forward "strengthen oral calculation, pay attention to estimation", "be able to estimate the results of calculation and explain the rationality of the results", "be able to estimate in combination with specific situations and explain the process of estimation", "be able to choose appropriate estimation methods and develop the habit of estimation in the process of solving specific problems", All these reflect the importance of the curriculum standard to the teaching of estimation. In the teaching process, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' estimation consciousness, optimize students' estimation strategies, and improve students' estimation ability. There is a close relationship between estimation and oral and written calculation. Oral and written calculation often provide sufficient "material" for estimation, which in turn promotes the proficiency of oral and written calculation. Estimation can be regarded as an important calculation strategy. It is not only a necessary tool to solve practical problems, but also an important basis for accurate calculation, They should not be isolated in practical teaching. Therefore, in the calculation practice, we should strengthen the oral calculation, implement the written calculation, let the students master all kinds of estimation skills, form the estimation skills, develop the habit of using the estimation to verify the fine written calculation, and improve the students' calculation ability< The new curriculum standard clearly points out: let students learn mathematics in life, feel the close relationship between mathematics and life, and be able to use mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems in life. But the creation of the situation must be in line with the age characteristics of students, close to students' life, in order to arouse students' interest in mathematics. Let the students feel the new knowledge independently in the learning situation. This kind of design makes the calculation class get rid of "dryness and llness", increase "vividness and interest", closely combine the teaching situation with the teaching content, organically combine the review of old knowledge with the introction of new class, and lay a good foundation for the development of new class
for example, in the multiplication of seven, the teacher proposed that there are seven black spots on the shell of each Seven Star ladybug, and where do you find "seven" in your life? After discussion, the students come to the conclusion: seven rainbows, tangram, seven days a week and so on. After learning the multiplication formula of 7, the teacher instructs the students to remember with small stories: Monkey King stayed in the alchemy furnace for "77 49 days",... Regardless of "37 21"... And so on are closely combined with the students' life, which is both interesting and practical, and strengthens the students' interest in learning
2. The situation should be easy for students to explore and understand the calculation theory
the situation should not only be lively and novel on the surface, but also be limited to too much non mathematical information, and can not interfere and weaken the learning of mathematical knowledge and skills and the development of mathematical thinking. Situation creation is a means, not an end. When creating a situation, it should be convenient for students to explore the calculation method and understand the calculation theory. For example, when teaching "carry addition" 9 + 5 = in the first semester of grade one, you can create a situation in which little monkeys buy peaches. The box has 10 squares, 9 peaches inside and 5 peaches outside. How many peaches are there. This kind of situation is convenient for students to explore the calculation method through operation. The ten squares in the box make it easy for students to think of the method of first filling ten and then adding four. If the box with lattice in this situation is replaced by a basket, the effect will be much different. The most important thing to create a situation is to serve the teaching of computing
3. The creation of topic map is close to the reality of students' life.
the creation of topic map, like the creation of scene, is the vitality of computing teaching brought by the new curriculum reform. It changes the boring and boring of traditional computing teaching, and makes computing Teaching closely connected with real life. However, the richness and diversity of topic map also requires our teachers to think rationally and guide reasonably, Otherwise, it will lose its practical significance. The teaching of computing needs to create scenarios according to the topic map, and use the topic map in the textbook reasonably. The purpose of scenario creation in computing teaching is to extract mathematical materials from life and let students experience the relationship between mathematics and life. To solve the problem, we should guide students to analyze the relationship between the mathematical information and the problem from the specific situation, so as to guide students to explore the methods and strategies to solve the problem. Once they deviate from this center, computing teaching will lose its direction< Fourth, we should pay attention to the starting point of students' learning and improve the effectiveness of computing teaching.
American ecational psychologist Ausubel once said: "the most important reason for affecting learning is what students already know. We should teach according to the original knowledge of students.". Teachers should pay close attention to students' learning starting point and carry out targeted teaching activities accordingly. But in the actual teaching, some teachers only design and carry out teaching activities from their own "subjective desire" such as the grasp of teaching materials and the understanding of knowledge, ignore the students' learning starting point, treat the students as a piece of "white paper", and carry out teaching activities step by step according to the pre-set teaching plan, so as to make the classroom teaching effect low and lose effectiveness. For example: in the teaching process of "multiplication formula of 6", some teachers ignore that some students may have been able to recite "multiplication formula of 6" skillfully, so that when students propose to use multiplication, teachers will say "multiplication has not been learned yet"; Or when some students recite the "multiplication formula of 6" skillfully, they don't know where to start the later teaching, or ignore the students' learning experience, and blindly teach according to their own plan, which is bound to affect the teaching effect. Teachers should fully grasp the realistic starting point of students' learning, organize teaching from the perspective of students, flexibly and tactfully adjust teaching proceres according to the actual situation of students, pay attention to classroom generation, and pay attention to the emotional experience of students in the classroom, so as to make our calculation teaching full and effective< 5. Deal with the relationship between algorithm diversification and optimization.
algorithm diversification embodies a new teaching concept, which is an effective way to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, promote their all-round development and cultivate their innovative spirit. By allowing students to try algorithm diversification, not only broaden their thinking, but also provide opportunities for them to communicate with each other and learn together. While experiencing algorithm diversification, they can change themselves and improve their understanding. However, if we blindly emphasize the diversity of algorithms in the process of teaching, and excessively respect the personalized but not necessarily simple algorithms of students, it is not concive to the formation of students' computing skills. Only on the basis of the diversity of algorithms, can we further guide students to compare and summarize, and optimize the algorithms appropriately, can we form a more efficient computing method. For example, in the teaching of "two digit plus or minus two digit (no carry)", when the students discuss how to calculate "43 + 31", the students have such an algorithm: algorithm 1: use the counter to calculate, first dial 43 on the counter, then dial 1 on the single digit, dial 3 on the ten digit, and you get 74; Algorithm 2: 40 + 30 is 70, 3 + 1 is 4, 70 + 4 is 74; Algorithm 3: 43 + 30 is 73, 73 + 1 is 74; Algorithm 4: 43 + 1 is 44, 44 + 30 is 74; Algorithm 5: first align the indivial bit with the ten bit, then 3 + 1 on the indivial bit is 4, 4 + 3 on the ten bit is 7, that is 74, etc. Teachers should not be busy evaluating, but first affirm students' ideas, and then ask: which method do you think is more convenient and useful? Further guide them to analyze the characteristics and advantages of various algorithms, so as to realize the self optimization of the algorithm. The teaching of computing should not only embody the diversity of algorithms, but also optimize them. But the process of optimization should be given to students, let them experience the further optimization and screening of the inquiry results, train their awareness and ability of optimization and screening, and improve their mastery and understanding of knowledge< 6. Designing diversified practice training is an important way to improve the effectiveness of computing teaching.
practice is an important part of computing teaching. It is the consolidation of students' knowledge, the formation of skills and skills, and an important way to improve the effectiveness of computing teaching. It can develop students' thinking ability and creative ability, It is also a powerful measure to check students' mastery of new knowledge. Teachers should design diversified exercises according to the content characteristics of calculation teaching and the actual situation of students, stimulate students' interest in learning, and make students know the results of their exercises in time, find and correct mistakes in time, so as to improve the teaching effect. In particular, the design of some students in the calculation process prone to errors in the targeted exercises, for students to correctly grasp the calculation method, the formation of skills has a very important role< Seven, pay attention to cultivate students' good computing habits
good computing habits is a reliable guarantee for students to calculate correctly, it directly affects the formation and improvement of students' computing ability, so it is particularly important to cultivate students to develop good computing habits. The first is to cultivate students' habit of serious examination. In the calculation, students are required to carefully observe the numbers and symbols to see their characteristics and internal relations. Then we should make clear their operation order, what to calculate first and what to calculate later, and then compare, select and determine the appropriate calculation method. At the end of the day. The second is to cultivate students' good writing habits. When calculating, the students are required to have standard calculation format, neat writing, calm thinking and patience in the process of calculation
oral arithmetic is a kind of calculation method that calculates and obtains results by thinking and language. Oral calculation plays an important role in the whole calculation teaching. It is the basis of estimation and simple calculation. To improve students' calculation ability, we must lay a good foundation of oral calculation. But in the classroom reform, some teachers let students use the idea of "written calculation" instead of the idea of "oral calculation", which is just that students apply the idea of "written calculation" to oral calculation. Just imagine, when the number is large, is it OK for students to use this method of oral calculation? The real thought of oral arithmetic and the thought of oral arithmetic pass by here, which shows that the pace of the thought of oral arithmetic is not consistent with the thought of oral arithmetic, and paying attention to the thought of oral arithmetic has become an empty talk. This will lead to the postnatal poor development of students' oral arithmetic ability, which has an inestimable loss to students' subsequent learning. Therefore, in the teaching of calculation, we should strengthen the training of the thought and method of oral calculation in step, pay attention to the students' understanding and implementation of the basic algorithm, pay attention to the internalization of students' thought of oral calculation, help students learn to flexibly choose the method of oral calculation according to the actual situation, let students understand and master the real method of oral calculation, and feel the value of oral calculation, To arouse the need of students to do oral arithmetic, to do it correctly< Second, in the process of calculation teaching, we should pay attention to the harmonious unity of oral calculation, written calculation and estimation Mathematics curriculum standard also clearly puts forward "strengthen oral calculation, pay attention to estimation", "be able to estimate the results of calculation and explain the rationality of the results", "be able to estimate in combination with specific situations and explain the process of estimation", "be able to choose appropriate estimation methods and develop the habit of estimation in the process of solving specific problems", All these reflect the importance of the curriculum standard to the teaching of estimation. In the teaching process, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' estimation consciousness, optimize students' estimation strategies, and improve students' estimation ability. There is a close relationship between estimation and oral and written calculation. Oral and written calculation often provide sufficient "material" for estimation, which in turn promotes the proficiency of oral and written calculation. Estimation can be regarded as an important calculation strategy. It is not only a necessary tool to solve practical problems, but also an important basis for accurate calculation, They should not be isolated in practical teaching. Therefore, in the calculation practice, we should strengthen the oral calculation, implement the written calculation, let the students master all kinds of estimation skills, form the estimation skills, develop the habit of using the estimation to verify the fine written calculation, and improve the students' calculation ability< The new curriculum standard clearly points out: let students learn mathematics in life, feel the close relationship between mathematics and life, and be able to use mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems in life. But the creation of the situation must be in line with the age characteristics of students, close to students' life, in order to arouse students' interest in mathematics. Let the students feel the new knowledge independently in the learning situation. This kind of design makes the calculation class get rid of "dryness and llness", increase "vividness and interest", closely combine the teaching situation with the teaching content, organically combine the review of old knowledge with the introction of new class, and lay a good foundation for the development of new class
for example, in the multiplication of seven, the teacher proposed that there are seven black spots on the shell of each Seven Star ladybug, and where do you find "seven" in your life? After discussion, the students come to the conclusion: seven rainbows, tangram, seven days a week and so on. After learning the multiplication formula of 7, the teacher instructs the students to remember with small stories: Monkey King stayed in the alchemy furnace for "77 49 days",... Regardless of "37 21"... And so on are closely combined with the students' life, which is both interesting and practical, and strengthens the students' interest in learning
2. The situation should be easy for students to explore and understand the calculation theory
the situation should not only be lively and novel on the surface, but also be limited to too much non mathematical information, and can not interfere and weaken the learning of mathematical knowledge and skills and the development of mathematical thinking. Situation creation is a means, not an end. When creating a situation, it should be convenient for students to explore the calculation method and understand the calculation theory. For example, when teaching "carry addition" 9 + 5 = in the first semester of grade one, you can create a situation in which little monkeys buy peaches. The box has 10 squares, 9 peaches inside and 5 peaches outside. How many peaches are there. This kind of situation is convenient for students to explore the calculation method through operation. The ten squares in the box make it easy for students to think of the method of first filling ten and then adding four. If the box with lattice in this situation is replaced by a basket, the effect will be much different. The most important thing to create a situation is to serve the teaching of computing
3. The creation of topic map is close to the reality of students' life.
the creation of topic map, like the creation of scene, is the vitality of computing teaching brought by the new curriculum reform. It changes the boring and boring of traditional computing teaching, and makes computing Teaching closely connected with real life. However, the richness and diversity of topic map also requires our teachers to think rationally and guide reasonably, Otherwise, it will lose its practical significance. The teaching of computing needs to create scenarios according to the topic map, and use the topic map in the textbook reasonably. The purpose of scenario creation in computing teaching is to extract mathematical materials from life and let students experience the relationship between mathematics and life. To solve the problem, we should guide students to analyze the relationship between the mathematical information and the problem from the specific situation, so as to guide students to explore the methods and strategies to solve the problem. Once they deviate from this center, computing teaching will lose its direction< Fourth, we should pay attention to the starting point of students' learning and improve the effectiveness of computing teaching.
American ecational psychologist Ausubel once said: "the most important reason for affecting learning is what students already know. We should teach according to the original knowledge of students.". Teachers should pay close attention to students' learning starting point and carry out targeted teaching activities accordingly. But in the actual teaching, some teachers only design and carry out teaching activities from their own "subjective desire" such as the grasp of teaching materials and the understanding of knowledge, ignore the students' learning starting point, treat the students as a piece of "white paper", and carry out teaching activities step by step according to the pre-set teaching plan, so as to make the classroom teaching effect low and lose effectiveness. For example: in the teaching process of "multiplication formula of 6", some teachers ignore that some students may have been able to recite "multiplication formula of 6" skillfully, so that when students propose to use multiplication, teachers will say "multiplication has not been learned yet"; Or when some students recite the "multiplication formula of 6" skillfully, they don't know where to start the later teaching, or ignore the students' learning experience, and blindly teach according to their own plan, which is bound to affect the teaching effect. Teachers should fully grasp the realistic starting point of students' learning, organize teaching from the perspective of students, flexibly and tactfully adjust teaching proceres according to the actual situation of students, pay attention to classroom generation, and pay attention to the emotional experience of students in the classroom, so as to make our calculation teaching full and effective< 5. Deal with the relationship between algorithm diversification and optimization.
algorithm diversification embodies a new teaching concept, which is an effective way to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, promote their all-round development and cultivate their innovative spirit. By allowing students to try algorithm diversification, not only broaden their thinking, but also provide opportunities for them to communicate with each other and learn together. While experiencing algorithm diversification, they can change themselves and improve their understanding. However, if we blindly emphasize the diversity of algorithms in the process of teaching, and excessively respect the personalized but not necessarily simple algorithms of students, it is not concive to the formation of students' computing skills. Only on the basis of the diversity of algorithms, can we further guide students to compare and summarize, and optimize the algorithms appropriately, can we form a more efficient computing method. For example, in the teaching of "two digit plus or minus two digit (no carry)", when the students discuss how to calculate "43 + 31", the students have such an algorithm: algorithm 1: use the counter to calculate, first dial 43 on the counter, then dial 1 on the single digit, dial 3 on the ten digit, and you get 74; Algorithm 2: 40 + 30 is 70, 3 + 1 is 4, 70 + 4 is 74; Algorithm 3: 43 + 30 is 73, 73 + 1 is 74; Algorithm 4: 43 + 1 is 44, 44 + 30 is 74; Algorithm 5: first align the indivial bit with the ten bit, then 3 + 1 on the indivial bit is 4, 4 + 3 on the ten bit is 7, that is 74, etc. Teachers should not be busy evaluating, but first affirm students' ideas, and then ask: which method do you think is more convenient and useful? Further guide them to analyze the characteristics and advantages of various algorithms, so as to realize the self optimization of the algorithm. The teaching of computing should not only embody the diversity of algorithms, but also optimize them. But the process of optimization should be given to students, let them experience the further optimization and screening of the inquiry results, train their awareness and ability of optimization and screening, and improve their mastery and understanding of knowledge< 6. Designing diversified practice training is an important way to improve the effectiveness of computing teaching.
practice is an important part of computing teaching. It is the consolidation of students' knowledge, the formation of skills and skills, and an important way to improve the effectiveness of computing teaching. It can develop students' thinking ability and creative ability, It is also a powerful measure to check students' mastery of new knowledge. Teachers should design diversified exercises according to the content characteristics of calculation teaching and the actual situation of students, stimulate students' interest in learning, and make students know the results of their exercises in time, find and correct mistakes in time, so as to improve the teaching effect. In particular, the design of some students in the calculation process prone to errors in the targeted exercises, for students to correctly grasp the calculation method, the formation of skills has a very important role< Seven, pay attention to cultivate students' good computing habits
good computing habits is a reliable guarantee for students to calculate correctly, it directly affects the formation and improvement of students' computing ability, so it is particularly important to cultivate students to develop good computing habits. The first is to cultivate students' habit of serious examination. In the calculation, students are required to carefully observe the numbers and symbols to see their characteristics and internal relations. Then we should make clear their operation order, what to calculate first and what to calculate later, and then compare, select and determine the appropriate calculation method. At the end of the day. The second is to cultivate students' good writing habits. When calculating, the students are required to have standard calculation format, neat writing, calm thinking and patience in the process of calculation
7. I think since you can ask this question, your math score should be good. You should overcome your psychological problems. But when the college entrance examination is going to be fast, your mood will be relaxed. This period of time can't be changed Disturbed by the tension
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