The existing P2P financial platform is decentralized

1. Whaleex: it's a decentralized exchange based on EOS. I usually choose it when I trade. The trading depth is good, and the transaction can be completed soon after I register. The best place is the high security. The smart contract passes the security audit and can be used safely
x protocol: a point-to-point open protocol running on Ethereum. The protocol aims to become a general open standard, as a basic mole that can be combined with other protocols to drive more and more complex blockchain applications. However, Ethereum is famous for its congestion, so its current situation is not very good
loopring
Road printing protocol: decentralized transaction protocol of class X. The on chain smart contract is responsible for asset custody, matching and transaction, and the off chain smart contract is responsible for order matching. It has an on chain trading loop matching technology, which encourages the exchange to match the transaction path with the maximum discount, so as to save transaction costs for users and make the exchange profitable at the same time. But on the other hand, it also increases the complexity of smart contract and the execution cost of Ethereum transaction, and the effect in practical application remains to be seen
there are also kyber, idex, bitstocks, etc. decentralized exchanges are the trend in the future, so there are still quite a few in the market. But comparatively speaking, I still think whaleex is the most reliable.

2. Hello, it's a great honor to be here to answer your question. The following are some of my views on this issue. If there are any mistakes, please point them out. Start all
and enter the column
almost every supporter of encryption start-ups has a trend, that is, to use the decentralized value of blockchain technology to sell their business fundamentals

in this paper, we will explain the differences between decentralized financial agreement business and traditional business:

we will mainly discuss two aspects:

1) what is the real meaning of defi

2) what are the types and main differences of defi platforms< Users of traditional financial systems often want to build a system that is easier to access, more transparent, lower transaction costs and less dependent on intermediaries. To build such a more equitable financial system, banks, loans and derivatives must undergo fundamental changes. In addition, a decentralized ecosystem, such as defi, is needed. It promotes P2P lending, eliminates centralized control, and provides users with financial freedom

recently, in the field of cryptocurrency, there are many discussions about defi. It provides financial services to the world: loans, derivatives and other procts. Moreover, the role of traditional financial intermediaries has weakened, or even failed to play a role. Proponents of a decentralized financial system see defi as a good alternative to traditional lending. Some have called it the future of borrowing

defi is built on public blockchains such as bitcoin network and Ethereum. It has become one of the "core drivers" on the Ethereum network. By using unlicensed distributed networks, the defi platform converts financial procts into untrusted protocols that can be accessed by anyone anywhere in the world. People who don't have an account in the bank can also use the defi solution to loan and borrow assets, as well as to trade with financial instruments

open source platforms provide users with great benefits, including transparency, cheap cross-border transactions, no credit checks and less censorship. Anyone can carry out financial activities because there is no geographical restriction<

the degree of decentralization of defi

in recent months, the introction of defi solutions has proliferated. They have different models and their degree of decentralization is also different. Compared with other models, some defi models have poor dispersion. This is because only a few of their components are decentralized, while the rest are still centrally controlled by the company

the establishment of agreement, non trust, price supply, determination of interest rate, provision of liquidity of margin call and start-up of margin call are the key components of defi agreement. They determine the degree of decentralization

if there are a large number of decentralized components, then the defi protocol is more decentralized than other models. Such a protocol will give users complete control over their digital assets and get rid of centralized control. So far, there is no single defi protocol that disperses all components

each defi protocol is assigned a category according to the number of distributed components:

centralized finance (cefi)

defi solutions are usually unmanaged, which means that users can control their funds and be responsible for their security. Instead, cefi is hosted. The central system is responsible for keeping the assets of users and ensuring the safety of users' funds

when it comes to loans or loans, users can't control any aspect of funds. The interest rate is determined by the central government, and the liquidity of margin call is provided by the central system or authorities. Cefi procts use centralized price supply, and it is also permitted to issue margin call. Thank you very much for your patience. If you have any help, please accept it. I wish you a happy life! thank you!

3. Bank deposit management and ICP business license are the rigid indicators of P2P platform, that is to say, with these is the formal P2P platform, what is not compliant! Of course, the formal platform is safer than the non-conforming one. However, it does not mean that the formal platform will not have risks. Improper operation, poor capital operation, false bid, incomplete credit review, borrower risk, irresistible factors and so on are all potential risks.

4. Three of the large P2P platforms I know have deposit management agreements with banks, e-rentbao and Instrial Bank have deposit management agreements, blockbox and Minsheng Bank have deposit management agreements, and Yixin and Guangfa bank have deposit management agreements

5. P2P network lending platform is a financial service website combining P2P lending and network lending. P2P lending is the abbreviation of peer to peer lending. That is, the qualified website (the third party company) is used as the intermediary platform, the borrower issues the loan bid on the platform, and the investor concts the bidding to lend to the borrower. Online lending refers to the process of lending, information and funds, contracts, proceres, etc. are all realized through the network. It is a new financial model developed with the development of the Internet and the rise of private lending, which is also the development trend of financial services in the future. The number of online lending platforms has grown rapidly in China in the past two years. So far, it has reached more than 2000, and hundreds of them are relatively active.

6. At present, there are more than 2000 P2P lending platforms in China. According to the types of shareholders of P2P online lending platforms, they are divided into different factions: 1; 2. Banking system: Ping'an Lujin Institute, e-home of small enterprises of China Merchants Bank, CDB kaixindai, Minsheng Bank, Xiaoma bank, Lanzhou bank, Qile Rongrong E platform of qishang bank; 3. State owned Assets Department, such as kaixindai, which is jointly established by China Development Bank, China Development Finance and large state-owned enterprises in Jiangsu Province. 4. Private sector, Renren goods, etc. Relatively speaking, the P2P platforms of banks and state-owned assets are safer and risky. Please be cautious.

7.

At the end of last year, the CBRC, together with various ministries and commissions, drafted the Interim Measures for the management of business activities of online lending information intermediaries (Draft for comments), which clearly stipulates that online lending platforms need to deposit funds through banks to ensure the safety of investors' funds. It is a general trend for P2P platform to cooperate with banks in fund deposit and management

At present, Dimon online loan system has reached comprehensive and in-depth strategic cooperation with dozens of banks, including China CITIC Bank, Ping An Bank, Zheshang Bank, instrial bank, Xinwang bank, Liuzhou bank, Urumqi bank, Huaxing bank, etc., providing services for hairongyi (Haier Group), youjinsuo (Yongyou group), C Jinsuo (Shenzhen guarantee group), Jinlai Yinwang (Shandong Iron and Steel Group) More than 80 top 500 financial platforms such as Wanda Jufu (Wanda Group), Jinzhu investment bank (Hangzhou financial group) and Laibin Jintou (Laibin financial group) are connected with the bank deposit management system

in fact, fund deposit management is a market choice. Institutions that do not have the ability and do not meet the bank threshold will face "clearing", that is, "without diamond, they can't" take China ", which also accelerates the risk release of the online lending instry The relevant person in charge of the CBRC said

the draft has set 18 months as the transition period, ring which each P2P platform can adjust its business structure and improve its risk control system. It is predicted in the instry that after the special rectification of Internet finance, the regulatory rules in the field of P2P online lending will be issued, and whether there is fund deposit will become the lifeline of P2P platform

8. The first echelon:
private platform with super background
the so-called super background refers to that the godfather of this platform is so big that once it fails, it may affect the financial order of the whole country. This sentence is not alarmist, such as Ping'an. Strictly speaking, this company is private, but it is so big that the country can't let it fall. In other words, this private sector is not another private sector. Insurance license and bank license are not available to ordinary companies. There is no need to pick up the history. In my eyes, Ping An company has been separated from the simple business level
for another example, ant financial services reported that it was going to be listed in A-share market before, and the CBRC suddenly took a chill. The size of this company is too large, and if it is listed, it may affect the liquidity of the whole A-share market. Of course, it's just a chestnut to use ant financial services. It doesn't mean that it has P2P business. The same goes for Evergrande and Wanda. As long as this kind of Big Mac's promise in black and white is covered, it's good to choose to believe. If something really happens, it's not a simple platform accident. There must be something wrong with this country. In that case, ordinary people must not live well, so there's no need to worry about other problems. I don't think it's necessary to look at risk control or asset side
of course, the platform of lujinsuo is sure to cheat customers. If there is no one million principal, I would not consider investing in such a platform
bank holding, listed companies
the typical representative of this is CDB's Kaixin loan. I don't know if there are other platforms that are also in this situation. I only know that the listed company is Renren loan. If something happens to kaixindai, CDB will definitely get the bottom of it. It is also possible that CDB will fail. But don't be afraid that the bank will collapse, and the country will certainly get the bottom of it. Not to mention China, even if the banks in the United States fall, it is the same. The United States has a perfect bank bankruptcy insurance process, and even if it is not good enough, the country will take action. When people's money is gone, they have to play with you. It's a matter of great importance to the stability of the whole regime, and it's easy for nothing to happen
this is the best proof that pleasant loan can be listed in the United States. The gold content of NASDAQ listing is completely different from that of backdoor listing of some domestic platforms. And listed companies have very strict information disclosure requirements, once the wind blows, this kind of company's risk is more thoroughly exposed than other companies. The good news is the same: after the listing of Yiren loan, it fell below the issue price, but after the annual report, the stock price rose rapidly, which is the best proof. The risk of fraud of listed companies is very high, and we still have reason to believe the authenticity of the content disclosed. However, compared with lujinsuo, or kaixindai, I personally feel that pleasant loan is a business after all. The risk of buying and selling this thing is obviously greater than that of the regime, so lose it. Nokia such a giant can fall, pleasant loan may also appear mismanagement that day
if the security of these platforms is expressed as a percentage, I think the security of lufax is 99.99% (there is no absolute thing in the world, so it doesn't use 100%), Kaixin loan is 99.90%, and pleasant loan is 99%< The second echelon:
listed companies and state-owned assets holding platform
of course, although the first gradient is safe, the interest rate will be "tut tut". A little higher than their interest rate, and a very safe platform is what we often call the platform of listed company holding and state-owned assets holding. The number of platforms with these two backgrounds is relatively limited, and the security is much higher than that of general platforms. The main reason why they are placed in the second echelon is to consider their motives. The landlord thinks that P2P is essentially a business. Some people think that I can make money by doing this business, and then I do it. Some people think that I can't make money by doing this business, but if I can live after doing it, I can do it
I think the first echelon belongs to the first, and the second echelon belongs to the second
listed companies will have their own businesses, and they should have done well, otherwise they can't be listed. But with the economic downturn, the life of listed companies is obviously not much better. You should have read the previous report about 315 A-share companies whose annual net profit is less than 15 million, which is not enough to buy a flat in Shenzhen. This shows that everyone has encountered difficulties
so many listed companies think of P2P. After entering the instry, they may achieve the following goals:
1. The stock price soars in the secondary market (many listed companies engaged in P2P have proved it), which means that the company may be able to finance more easily in the primary market, which is very important. 2. Self financing through P2P platform. 3. I think this is a good direction to prepare for the future transformation
the truth of state-owned assets and listed companies is the same. When it comes to this instry, I think less people value the prospect of P2P, and more people are really short of money. P2P companies can help them solve the problem of cash flow. From the perspective of motivation, they are not pure in motivation, which is the reason why they are placed in the second echelon. From the perspective of platform default cost, it is possible for listed companies and state-owned assets to be mismanaged, but the probability of default is very low because of mismanagement. If they fail because of P2P business, it will have a very bad impact on the public opinion of the whole society. This kind of consequence will force the enterprise itself to treat this matter very carefully and control its own cost
to sum up, it is safe to have a platform for holding shares of listed companies and state-owned assets. To be more cautious is to see who controls the shares behind and to check the operation of the holding company. Listed companies can go to see his financial report. You can ask the local "Chaoyang masses" about the state-owned assets, which has certain reference value
platform for several rounds of large institutional venture capital investment
this kind of platform has great influence in the instry, especially the first echelon of popularity. From the perspective of public opinion, it is hard to imagine the irreparable negative impact of the collapse of platforms such as micro credit and Renren credit on the whole instry. But from a commercial point of view, venture capital is at best a business. There are successes and failures in the business. Multi round financing can only improve the probability of its success, but can not completely avoid the risk of its failure. That's why we put them in the second tier. Generally speaking, it is difficult for companies that have reached round C to fail
the building owner believes that the platform with the above background together constructs the security boundary of the current online lending instry. The owner believes that the security interest rate of online loans is about 10%
for platforms with these backgrounds, investors can understand the security level of the platform just by looking at Godfather. As for the business of the platform, the information transparency of the platform, whether it is self financing, whether it has bank custody, whether it is the term or the amount of the demolition, and so on, it doesn't matter. The platform with these backgrounds has no fraud suspicion and motive, that is to say, there will be no moral hazard. If we sum up all the platforms that have happened at present, we will find that moral hazard is the biggest risk in this instry
as for operational risk, it is certain that there will be operational risk. Suppose that the platforms with the above background have operational risk, let's imagine what remedial measures they will take.

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10.

In fact, the real P2P platform won't run away. We need to enrich the knowledge of Internet finance, how to distinguish Ponzi scheme, and welcome to pay attention to financial technology online

the real P2P platform won't run away, which is called Internet lending information intermediary. According to the "Interim Measures for the management of business activities of online lending information intermediaries" (order of the CBRC [2016] No. 1) jointly issued by the CBRC and other ministries and commissions in August 2016, online lending refers to the direct lending between indivials through the Internet platform. Indivials include natural persons, legal persons and other organizations

(2) online lending information intermediary (commonly known as P2P platform): it refers to the financial information intermediary company established according to law and specialized in online lending information intermediary business activities. These institutions use the Internet as the main channel to provide information collection, information publication, credit evaluation, information exchange, loan matching and other services for borrowers and lenders (i.e. lenders) to achieve direct lending

the meaning of this definition is very clear: P2P platform is an intermediary to match the direct lending of both parties, and it does not participate in the lending behavior. For example, a P2P platform brings together borrowers and lenders, and the platform uses information technology to match direct lending between the two sides. The relationship between debt and creditor's rights occurs between the borrower and the borrower. The platform only provides various professional services and charges handling fees. This connotation is embodied in its full name, namely "information intermediary"

this is just like the business of securities companies, which matches the issuers and investors of stocks, but securities companies themselves do not participate in investment and financing, but only provide a series of intermediary services. This business model is direct finance

therefore, when a lender lends a sum of money to a borrower through the introction of P2P platform, he will charge interest as agreed and recover the principal after maturity. According to the requirements of the administrative measures, the P2P platform can not provide guarantee services for both sides (but can be guaranteed by a third party), and can not become a financing Party (self financing business) by itself, and should fulfill the obligation of full information disclosure and diligence. So, if the borrower can't pay back the money, of course, it can't be compensated by the P2P platform, and the risk is at his own risk