Bitcoin computing power difficulty
mining is the only way to obtain undeveloped bitcoin, which needs to purchase professional mining equipment for mining, which is called mining machine in the instry
bitcoin miner obtains bitcoin through a lot of calculation through hash algorithm. As we all know, the number of bitcoin is constant, 21 million. As time goes on, the number of miners increases and the number of miners decreases.
the difficulty of bitcoin system is dynamically adjusted. Every 2016 bitcoin is g, an adjustment will be made, The adjustment is based on the block time of the previous 2016 blocks. If the average block time of the previous cycle is less than 10 minutes, it will increase the difficulty. If it is more than 10 minutes, it will rece the difficulty. The purpose is to ensure that the system can output a block every 10 minutes, so the difficulty adjustment time is about 2 weeks (2016 * 10 minutes), that is to say, the output will be halved every four years, And the difficulty will be adjusted every 14 days, so the general trend seems that the output of mining will be less and less
2. Purchasing power for bitcoin
after the prevalence of mining, there are some bitcoin mines, that is, multiple mining machines are concentrated in one place for mining, unified maintenance and management, low electricity price, to rece the cost of mining
the most important parameter of bitcoin mining machine is computing power. The higher the computing power is, the higher the output will be. In the difficulty of bitcoin mining, how much bitcoin can be g with 1t computing power is also used to measure the current difficulty of mining. Therefore, some mines will directly sell computing power to users to dig coins. In this way, the mining risk is relatively lower, and there is no need to buy mining machines and equipment, and no need to maintain them, The maintenance and management of mining machine is relatively troublesome for Xiao
3. Reward for bitcoin
with the rising price of bitcoin, bitcoin has gained more popularity than before, and its position in virtual currency is also unmatched by other currencies. There are some real procts of reward bitcoin mechanism in the market, and cat disk is one of them< The simplest way to get bitcoin is to find the person who holds bitcoin to buy bitcoin, which is equivalent to buying goods. But bitcoin is not required by everyone. Therefore, it is necessary to find the person who holds bitcoin and carry out direct transfer transaction. At the same time, there are certain risks, The other side needs indivials to grasp whether they are cheaters or not, so I don't recommend such transactions on the basis of not being acquaintances or not having certain trust
2. Online trading
there are many trading platforms for bitcoin, large or small. At present, the relatively large and well-known trading platforms are Huo coin, coin security, okex, uto market,... And so on. These platforms are more convenient and safe as three-party guarantee transactions, and the only risk is platform running, But the possibility is relatively small, but some small platforms are not without security
You can't dig in a day. It takes 2000 years
the global unified computing difficulty of bitcoin is 2621404453 (expected to change in two days). It takes more than 2000 years for a 2.5GHz CPU to work out a bitcoin
in order to make the graphics card fully loaded for a long time, the power consumption will be quite high, and the electricity bill will be higher and higher. Many professional mines at home and abroad are operated in areas with extremely low electricity charges, such as hydropower stations, while more users can only mine at home or in ordinary mines, so the electricity charges are not cheap. Even in a certain residential area in Yunnan, there was a case of crazy mining, which led to a large area trip of the residential area, and the transformer was burned
extended data:
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system
bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network can get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer
when bitcoin was born in 2009, block rewards were 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
garzik, was fortunate to be the owner of the first commercial ASIC miner.
the most difficult mining problem was 0, and the computing power was about 2p at the beginning of 2013, and now it has reached 100p
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it is estimated that 21 million pieces will be excavated in 2140
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according to the relevant literature of bitcoin, in 2140, 2100 bitcoins will be proced and will not grow any more. According to the principle of bitcoin, after 33 halving periods, the mining output of each block will reach 0.58 Cong, less than the minimum unit of one Cong. The interval of each half rection is 210000 blocks, and the total proction time (2140 years) given in the above literature is calculated from the proction time of each block of 10 minutes 210000 * 10 / 60 / 24 / 365 = 3.9954 * 33 = 132 years. Since 2008, 132 years later, it is 2140 years)
however, the "proction time of each block is 10 minutes" used in the above calculation method is an ideal state, which is only true when the computing power and difficulty of the whole network do not change. Looking at the bitcoin blockchain, it is not difficult to find that bitcoin's whole network computing power has been growing for a long time, and the difficulty of mining has also increased. Therefore, it is not difficult to find out that the above calculation is not tenable and there is a huge error
the shortcomings of the above methods are that they can not accurately predict the change of bitcoin network computing power and the mining speed of bitcoin. The 11.3-day data used in the above calculation method is only the average value from May 2013 to April 5, 2014, and the representativeness is questionable. We can integrate the results of big data analysis and mining machine proction to establish a more accurate mathematical model
in the very early days, when the computing power of bitcoin was very low, the computer could also carry out a lot of calculations according to the algorithm to "mine" bitcoin
when users "mine" bitcoin, they need to search for 64 bit numbers by computer, and then compete with other gold miners by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the required numbers for the bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a group of numbers, they will get the bitcoin awarded by the block. However, e to the rising value of bitcoin, the number of users of bitcoin mining is very large. There are millions of professional mining machines mining at the same time, and the output of bitcoin is very limited every 10 minutes. As a result, tens of millions of people scramble for a block. Therefore, if you use personal computers to mine alone, you may not be able to grab a block in a whole year, People came up with a method of group mining, so the mining pool was born. There are a lot of users who play after mining
I hope you will adopt it.
is called ABIS port
BTS and MS
is called um port, that is, air interface
there are actually two interfaces between BSC and MSC, because there is also a TC mole, and the two interfaces are ater port and a port respectively.
let's first introce cloud miner. From the name point of view, it's mining in the cloud (that is, the server). Its basic principle is that you can obtain the mining income corresponding to computing power by purchasing computing power with bitcoin. The more computing power you buy, the higher the mining revenue will be. When not in use, you can also convert the computing power back to bitcoin. In a word, you can revitalize the bitcoin on hand. Money generates money and money supports money
now if I ask you, do you spend a lot of bitcoin to buy mining machines, or let bitcoin sleep in the trading website or wallet, or use it to invest in cloud miners to generate income. It's up to everyone to figure it out< Compared with the traditional mining machine, the advantages of cloud miner are as follows: 1)
cash is more flexible. Compared with spending a lot of bitcoin to buy mining machines, buying cloud miner's bitcoin is easier to cash, and you can sell the computing power at any time to exchange it back. 2) With small investment, idle bitcoin can be used. Compared with tens of thousands of mining machines, cloud miner can invest as little as a few coins according to your specific situation, and there is no limit to the upper limit
if you still don't understand, you can register an account https://cex.io/r/0/anemone/0/ Look, it's free anyway. It's very clear how to buy and sell computing power with bitcoin, and how to increase mining revenue< It's not recommended to mine with personal computer.
advantages of using cloud Miner: the difficulty of mining bitcoin is 707408283, and the top-level graphics card of hd7990 has a mining speed of only 1000m, and the mining machine often costs tens of thousands of yuan, which is not guaranteed or guaranteed, so the mining risk is greatly increased. Using cloud mining machine does not need management, will not break down, hundreds of yuan can also participate in, can buy and sell computing power at any time, convenient exit. The following is a brief introction of how to register and purchase cloud computing power. PS: the current price is about 0.7. Generally speaking, if bitcoin appreciation, the price will fall, and it will also be slightly affected by buying and selling
if you still have something you don't understand, please let me know on the Internet