Post decentralization

1. The working hours of human visceral biological clock are provided to friends, which is very beneficial to health care

1. (from 5 to 7 o'clock) the large intestine is flourishing. At this stage, because the essence of human blood is concentrated on the large intestine, the peristalsis ability of the large intestine is most concive to excretion at this time. Br />2. (7 to 9 o'clock) the stomach meridian is flourishing. At this time, the blood essence of the human body will fully support the stomach to help digestion, and the food that the human body eats at the time will be processed and made, which is the most concive to digestion in the human body in a day. People who don't eat breakfast are advised to eat breakfast and change their bad eating habits for their own health.)
3. (9 to 11 o'clock) spleen meridian flourishing, the human blood essence is more concentrated in the spleen, so that the spleen can turn the digested food machine into ions, and then enter the blood through the wall of the small intestine, so it is concive to the absorption of nutrients and blood. Br />4. noon (11 to 13 o'clock) heart meridian Wang, this period of human blood essence is concentrated in the heart, to strengthen the heart function, so in this period is concive to the body blood circulation, heart fire and stomach soil is concive to digestion.
5. In the future (from 13:00 to 15:00) when the small intestine is flourishing, the human blood will do its best to support the small intestine, so as to enhance the absorption function of the small intestine, so as to convert the food digested by the spleen and stomach into ionized nutrients, enter the blood through the small intestine wall, and then transport them to the cells of the whole body through the blood vessels, which is concive to the absorption of nutrients
6. Shen Shi (15 to 17 points) bladder meridian Wang, at this time the body's blood essence will be more concentrated in the bladder, to enhance bladder function, is concive to purging the small intestine bets of water and body " Fire
7. unisex (17 to 19 o'clock) kidney meridian is prosperous. At this stage, the human blood essence will be more concentrated on the kidney, to enhance the renal function to filter out all kinds of acid and toxic substances in the blood, excess blood sugar and urine protein and other wastes, so as to maintain the quality of human blood, so it is beneficial to store the essence of the viscera of a day. Br />8. Xu (19 to 21 o'clock) pericardium meridian is flourishing. During this period, the blood essence of human body will support the pericardium (blood vessels) more fully, so as to maintain the normal function of blood vessels and prevent the aging and hardening of vascular cells. Br />9. Hai time (21 to 23 o'clock) three jiao and 100 pulse, people enter sleep, hundreds of pulse recuperate, this period of human blood essence will be more concentrated in triple energizer (lymph), in order to enhance the function of lymph, strengthen the body's immunity, rece the incidence of human diseases. Br />10. (from 23 to 1 o'clock) the gallbladder is strong and the bile is fresh. In this period, the essence of human body will support the liver with the full circulation of the blood, enhance the detoxification function of the liver, and make the liver make the bile in the most peak state and store it in the gallbladder reserve. Br />11. ugly time (from 1 to 3) liver meridian flourishing, liver and blood bring forth new ideas. At this time, human blood essence is fully supporting the gallbladder and viscera, so that the gallbladder stores bile to help the body digest at any time. Br />
12. Yin (from 3 to 5) lung meridian is prosperous. At this time, the blood essence of the human body will be concentrated on the lungs, conveying the fresh blood stored in the liver to hundreds of pulses to meet the new day. Different meridians correspond to different functional systems of the human body, such as the absorption function of the small intestine, which does not simply correspond to the organs of the entity

2. 1、 The connotation of audio-visual new media program form
"program" refers to the art works of art performance at the earliest. After the birth of radio and television, with its great advantage of electronic communication speed and coverage, it quickly became the main media of mass communication. Almost all art programs are spread rapidly by virtue of its advantages, so the word "program" also extends from the literary and artistic performances in radio and television to all the projects broadcast by radio and television stations. John Fiske, an American scholar, believes that "program is the part of TV output with clear definition and identification. It has a clear time and form boundary, and has the similarities and obvious differences with other programs. We know that advertising is not part of TV programs. We know when one program ends and another starts. The program is a stable and fixed entity, which is proced and sold in the form of commodities and arranged and broadcast by the program choreographers. " Thus, in a broad sense, the program can be understood as the content and form of different media. However, this understanding is too broad. We can better understand the connotation of new audio-visual media program form in a narrow sense with the help of relevant scholars' research on TV program form
there are many different understandings about the definition of TV program form. Some researchers believe that "the form of TV program refers to the form of TV program expression corresponding to the content of TV program. It is the core of TV program proction mode and provides TV processing methods suitable for different content". Some researchers believe that the form of TV program is the form and movement state of the content of TV program, including the name, theme, content, form and ration of the program. However, it can not be ignored that "the form of TV program has been given new meaning in contemporary times - the so-called form of program is the basic mode of TV program design". Other researchers believe that "program form is the form of a radio and television program, which is composed of various elements in accordance with different combinations and different functional directions. The final form of the existence of the program has a relatively stable external form and internal structure."< The connotation of TV program form includes the following aspects: 1) the form of TV program is the form of expression and structure of TV program content; ② The form of TV program is in the state of continuous development and change; ③ The form of TV program also has the meaning of TV program design mode. These studies on the form of TV programs are of great significance to better understand the form of audio-visual new media programs
if we look at audio-visual new media programs from a historical perspective, the so-called "audio-visual new media programs" should be graally formed with the birth and development of audio-visual new media, which is different from the traditional radio and television program content and service functions. This kind of program either has a different mode from the traditional radio and television program in the form of structure, or has a new expansion to the traditional radio and television program in the service function. In short, audio-visual new media programs should be the content, form or service that the traditional radio and television broadcasting platform does not have. Therefore, even the content of traditional TV programs broadcast on the new media platform, such as TV plays and TV programs, does not belong to audio-visual new media programs
a brief summary of the connotation of new audio-visual media program form is as follows: first, new audio-visual media program form refers to the content, form or service different from traditional radio and television programs, and its prominent feature is the interactivity based on Internet technology. Second, the form of audio-visual new media programs refers to the programs or services broadcast on the digital new media platform. Third, the form of audio-visual new media programs is in constant development and change, and new categories will emerge and mature with the development of audio-visual new media< Second, the types of audio-visual new media program form
the research of audio-visual new media program form is just beginning, and there is no ready-made classification standard to follow. The author believes that the types of audio-visual new media programs can be classified according to the broadcasting platform, the technology application and the content innovation. However, no matter according to what standard classification, the new audio-visual media program form should be "the program form not on the traditional radio and television media broadcasting platform". Following this basic premise, this paper attempts to classify all kinds of audio-visual new media program forms by taking a comprehensive view of all kinds of new program contents and service functions in the process of the integration of radio and television and Internet
classified by new audio-visual media broadcasting platform. At present, the broadcasting platform of audio-visual new media programs is mainly the new media form proced by the integration of traditional TV and Internet, mainly including network video and IPTV proced by the integration of TV and Internet, and mobile TV proced by the integration of TV and mobile Internet. Accordingly, the new forms of audio-visual media programs such as network video columns, IPTV and interactive TV content, and mobile TV programs have emerged
according to the content of audio-visual new media programs. In the development of new audio-visual media, e to the changes in the relationship between the communicator and the audience, the enhancement of the audience's participation, the increase of micro fragmented content, and the innovation of technology application, new audio-visual media programs such as citizen video news, micro film, new media drama, rich media advertising, video games and so on have emerged
these new forms of audio-visual media programs are not available on the traditional radio and television broadcasting platform. They were born in the process of new media development, or inspired by the content of traditional TV programs, they integrated the technical characteristics of audio-visual new media, thus glowing with vitality. The former includes citizen video news, IPTV and interactive TV content, electronic games, rich media advertising, etc., while the latter includes micro film, new media drama, online video column, mobile TV program, etc. Each new form of audio-visual media program has its own birth, development process and typical characteristics
1. Microfilm
microfilm is a kind of short-term, long-term and low investment image art content proct that can be proced and played on the multi-media platform. In the new media era of sharing, interaction and communication, the essence of micro film is an image way of participation and disclosure. The types of micro film can be divided into: advertising micro film, star micro film, customized micro film, game micro film and so on. The most important reason why micro film can become a new form of audio-visual media programs is that "micro content" is widely popular in the Internet age. The emergence of network broadcasting platform and the double prosperity of "micro content" creation and communication have changed the content ecological environment of new media. The rise of video websites such as youtube, Youku, Tudou and liujianfang, the prosperity of UGC (user-made content) and the addition of social professional proction force have made "micro film" enjoy "micro time" and become a new favorite of mass cultural consumption. In this sense, it is the network platform and space that create the "micro film", making it a worthy form of audio-visual new media programs
2. New media drama
New Media drama is a kind of film and television drama with the characteristics of free and flexible viewing, rich types and so on. New media plays include network plays, mobile phone plays, public audio-visual carrier plays and other types, with the characteristics of short proction cycle, low proction threshold and low investment risk. Foreign online dramas originated in the 1990s. It is generally believed that the brand advertisement "place" implanted with apple and other information procts is the first online drama in the United States. In 2000, an original online drama "primary color" was uploaded to the website. In 2005, Shanghai Wenguang and Shanghai Mobile jointly launched the mobile drama new year star. In 2006, Youku, Ku6 and other video sharing websites went online one after another, and more and more online dramas emerged. In essence, new media play is a "variation" of traditional TV play on network video, mobile video and mobile TV broadcasting platform. The short time characteristic of new media play is different from traditional TV play. Generally speaking, the ration of a single episode of new media series is about 10 minutes, which is largely determined by the "micro time" of users in the mobile environment. At the same time, the group characteristics of network users and the audio-visual new media broadcasting platform have become the qualitative stipulation of new media play becoming one of the forms of audio-visual new media programs
3. Citizen video news
citizen video news is a video clip shot and proced by the general public, released on the Internet platform, and used the image and sound symbol system to reflect, report, record and investigate the recent or ongoing facts. Wu Xinxun and Wang Jianlei divided citizen video news into five categories: public domain, personal experience, active investigation, pre planning and video synthesis; Cai Lixia believes that the sources of citizen news include on-the-spot information, self events, investigation reports and self reports. In the form of expression, there are great differences between citizen video news and traditional TV news. For example: citizen video news generally does not appear on camera reporter, does not have the host, does not set the news lead; The picture is not very clear e to non professional equipment shooting, the lens is sometimes unstable, and the use of push-pull shake is not reasonable, etc. However, it is precisely because citizens' own judgment of news value, non professional interview and shooting, and the use of music and subtitles are different from mature TV news that its unique program form characteristics become more prominent and obvious. The rise of citizen video news, on the one hand, is e to the popularity of digital cameras and computer editing systems and other technical equipment, on the other hand, it shows the enhancement of the awareness of civil society participation. At present, this form of audio-visual new media programs has been reversed to the traditional TV broadcasting platform, showing vigorous vitality
4. Network video program
when the network video program develops to a certain stage, there appears a network video program with obvious column characteristics, such as fixed website broadcast, fixed program ration, fixed host, etc. this kind of program belongs to network original program, which is not broadcast on traditional TV station. For example, the self-made online entertainment program "Dapeng Bamba Bamba" launched by Sohu in January 2007, the original news comment column "small six bricks shop" launched by people's TV channel of people's net at the end of 2009, the original network talk show column "spicy scholar" hosted by Lin Bai (network name "white wolf in forest"), a doctoral candidate of Communication University of China Tencent launched the original documentary column "record" in July 2011. During the London Olympic Games in 2012, Phoenix New Media launched the Olympic original programs "Qiang Qiang Wu Huan Xing" and "London afternoon tea", which were simultaneously broadcast in prime time on more than 10 member stations of Henan satellite TV and Shenzhen satellite TV's cutv (City United Network TV station), becoming the latest example of the network video program's counter attack on the traditional TV broadcasting platform
5. IPTV and interactive TV content
the so-called "IPTV and interactive TV content" refers to new interactive programs and services based on network technology, which are presented on IPTV or two-way interactive cable digital TV with TV as the receiving terminal and different from traditional TV media interactive programs. For example, on TV

4. Media literacy is a foreign word. With the popularity of the Internet, more and more people are enjoying the convenience and entertainment brought by the Internet. However, as the public in the "second media era", they are easily lost in the sea of information if they do not have certain media literacy. In modern society, indivials are not a simple receiver, More likely to become a communicator, as a qualified communicator must have a certain media literacy< According to Rubin, the concept of media literacy has three levels: ability model, knowledge model and understanding model. As far as the ability model is concerned, it refers to the ability of citizens to acquire, analyze, evaluate and transmit various forms of information, focusing on the cognitive process of information. According to the view of knowledge model, media literacy is a knowledge system about how media function in society, and its emphasis is how to transmit information
the understanding model claims that the so-called media literacy is to understand that media information is forced by cultural, economic, political and technological forces in the process of manufacturing, proction and transmission, focusing on the ability to judge and understand information. Generally speaking, the so-called media literacy refers to the ability to enjoy the mass communication resources correctly and constructively, to make full use of the media resources to improve themselves and to participate in social progress. It mainly includes the audience's motivation of using media resources, the ways and attitudes of using media resources, the effective degree of using media resources and the ability of criticizing media
citizens' media literacy should include four aspects:
first, understand the basic media knowledge and how to use media< Second, learn to judge the significance and value of media information< Third, learn the knowledge and skills of creating and disseminating information; Fourth, understand how to use mass media to develop themselves
media literacy includes not only the ability to accept media procts, but also the ability to see the content of media with an independent critical eye and to use media constructively; Media literacy is not only the need of using media, but also a part of the quality of citizens in a modern society. Some scholars also pointed out that media literacy refers to people's correct judgment and evaluation of the significance and role of media information, and effective creation and dissemination of information literacy
the concept of "the second media age" was first proposed by mark post, an American media culture scholar. He believes that in film, radio and television, a few procers transmit information to a large number of consumers, and there are strict restrictions on the broadcast mode. However, with the early intervention of the information superhighway and the combination of satellite technology with television, computer and telephone, an alternative mode is likely to lead to an alternative mode that integrates procers, sellers, and consumers With the emergence of the consumer in one system, the second era of mass media is jumping into the field of vision
the essential characteristics of the second media are two-way communication and decentralization. Taking the Internet as an example, the opening of Internet "blog" and "podcast" provides a platform for the public to release information. Every citizen is not only an audience, but also a communicator. Every indivial member of modern society is a media citizen. In recent years, all kinds of false news, funny words, spoof pictures on the Internet become more and more intense, many experts and scholars put forward new requirements to regulate network behavior, the government issued relevant laws and policies, but the improvement of the public's internal media literacy is the key
ordinary indivials become news procers and communicators, and play an important role in the reporting of major news events. If indivials do not have certain media literacy, they will soon be eliminated by the society. Therefore, their media literacy should start from their youth. China Youth media literacy network is a good learning and communication platform.

5. The understanding model claims that the so-called media literacy is to understand that media information is forced by cultural, economic, political and technological forces in the process of proction, proction and transmission, focusing on the ability to judge and understand information. Generally speaking, the so-called media literacy refers to the ability to enjoy the mass communication resources correctly and constructively, to make full use of the media resources to improve themselves and to participate in social progress. It mainly includes the audience's motivation of using media resources, the ways and attitudes of using media resources, the effective degree of using media resources and the ability of criticizing media.

6. First, understand basic media knowledge and how to use media; Second, learn to judge the significance and value of media information; Third, learn the knowledge and skills of creating and disseminating information; Fourth, learn how to use mass media to develop yourself. " Media literacy includes not only the ability to accept media procts, but also the ability to see the content of media with an independent critical eye and use media constructively; Media literacy is not only the need of using media, but also a part of the quality of citizens in a modern society. Some scholars also pointed out that "media literacy refers to the literacy that people correctly judge and evaluate the significance and role of media information, and effectively create and disseminate information."“ The concept of "the second media age" was first put forward by mark post, an American scholar of media culture. He believes that "in film, radio and television, a few procers transmit information to a large number of consumers, and there are strict restrictions on the broadcast mode. However, with the early intervention of the information superhighway and the combination of satellite technology with television, computer and telephone, an alternative mode is likely to lead to an integration of procers, sellers and consumers With the emergence of the consumer in one system, the second era of mass media is coming into view. " Second, the essential characteristics of media are two-way communication and decentralization. Taking the Internet as an example, the opening of Internet "blog" and "podcast" provides a platform for the public to release information. Every citizen is not only an audience, but also a communicator. Every indivial member of modern society is a media citizen. In recent years, all kinds of false news, funny words, spoof pictures on the Internet become more and more intense, many experts and scholars put forward new requirements to regulate network behavior, the government issued relevant laws and policies, but the improvement of the public's internal media literacy is the key.

7. Roy Ascott, the pioneer of new media art, said that the most distinctive characteristics of new media art are connectivity and interactivity. There are many forms of expression, but they have only one thing in common, that is, the interaction and participation between users and works have changed the image, shape and even meaning of works. With the combination of new media art and Internet, it has the characteristics of super capacity, transcending time and space, two-way communication, high sharing, equal dialogue and so on[ 5] First, the practice of new media art in the early 20th century. The history of new media art in the 20th century is also directly related to various media practices and new art experiences, including "conceptual art in the 1960s, From the early futurism Manifesto and Dadaism behavior and the later occasional art, the performing art of the 1970s was born and transformed. At the same time, the avant-garde art experiment in the 1950s and 1960s also appeared the power art relying on mechanical technology and the earliest electronic art works ", which also involved video and later computer network art[ 5] (p174)
when we talk about the development of art in the 20th century, Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) and John Cage (1912-1992) are two unavoidable figures. Duchamp is the originator of Neo dada, concept art and new media art in Europe. He is the first to restore art from easel to ready-made procts in daily life; In a new way, he puts artists in a very central position in the process of artistic creation, so that artists are free to express their ideas in any possible way instead of being restrained by canvas; It is also the first time that he has brought the theme of art to the perspective of politics, ready-made objects and audience in daily life; An important aesthetic orientation of contemporary avant-garde artists is to regard art as a kind of "personal narrative", which also starts from Duchamp
cage is a representative of "the Fluxus", "the avant garde" and experimental music. "He emphasizes the randomness of artistic structure, an open attitude to the environment, and an oriental value based on Zen and considering nature and process.", [5] (p174) he understood music and art from the unique perspective of Oriental philosophy and Zen, discovered the "contingency" factor in art, and began to explore the Oriental people's intuitive, integrated and holistic attitude towards life in his music creation. South Korean video artist Nam June Paik also said, "when collage technology replaces oil paint and brushes, picture tubes will replace canvases." He practiced cage's ideas with TV and monitor. The inspiration of his Zen for film is directly influenced by cage's masterpiece 4ཝ (1952). What cage wants to tell the audience in this work is that the world is full of carelessness, which coincides with Duchamp's idea of returning art to life
"cage's basic idea is to focus the audience's consciousness on one point. He believes that what artists create is not something that is separated from or closed to the audience. On the contrary, what artists create makes the audience more open to the outside world and more aware of themselves and their environment. "[ 6] (P6) Atlas eclipticalis, one of his masterpieces, sounds like a group of disorderly strange sounds, a combination of various sounds in life. The sound of creaking, opening and closing doors, the sound of Jingling and collision of appliances, and all kinds of natural sounds blend together to form an occasional reverberation of natural rhythm
the emergence of Duchamp and cage has changed the process of modern art. They have updated the artistic media and concepts with a pioneering attitude, and the artistic ideas conveyed by their works have also become the ideological source for future generations of new media artists to learn from. In fact, their influence on later generations is not limited to their works, but more lies in what they want to present and have expressed in their works, which is the experiment that they endow various forms of modern art with legitimacy
under the influence of Duchamp's and cage's artistic ideas, a new generation of artists, such as George mathionus, Joseph Boyce, Bai nanzhun, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Jean Luc Godard, Vito Acconci, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Godard, Jean Luc Bruce Nauman, Dan Graham, Joan Jonas, Shirin Neshat, Bill Viola, Gary hill, Pilotti rest and others graally changed from easel painting, color, line to easel painting In the 1950s-1960s, in the spectral art, light sculpture, activity sculpture, minimalism, incidental art, conceptual art and other art practices, collage, parody, reproction, and so on Deconstruction and contingency are widely used in the creation and practice of art; New media, new concepts and new technologies are more and more applied to artistic creation. The open and pluralistic artistic ideas created by Duchamp and cage are graally recognized in the world. As a result, the development of new media art is directly affected by the changes of media, technology and artistic ideas. Today, it can be said that it has become a grand sight and a school of its own
2. Where is the "new" of new media art
new media art is not only a breakthrough in artistic creativity, but also a reasonable application of technology, from the static transmission at the beginning to the dynamic display mode now, from passively requiring the audience to watch to interactive participation, from the input of mouse and keyboard to the artistic presentation through their own body behavior. The intervention of interactive multimedia technology also makes the audience from a completely passive to an active participant, which greatly highlights the audience's participation, immersion and entertainment. To sum up, the author thinks that the "novelty" of new media art is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Diversification of art carriers: hypermedia. In the history of art development, art carriers have undergone the changes of the following media: sound media (labor songs, oral art music, etc.), visual media (calligraphy, painting, performance art, sculpture, lines and images, etc.), and the new "media polymer" formed by their arrangement and reorganization, collage and transfer, condensation and reproction has become a new carrier of new media art expression, This is the meaning of "new media"
2. The interdisciplinary nature of art generation: new technology. Under the control and organization of artistic thinking, the generation means of new media art almost draw lessons from the technical concepts and methods of existing disciplines, such as biology, optics, chemistry, materials science, computer information processing science, Internet technology, virtual reality technology, and so on Remote communication and communication technology and even gene technology can be the means to create a new media art work. With the progress of science and technology and the refinement of division of labor, more new technological means will be introced into art creation, thus bringing mankind into the dazzling realm of new media art. From this point of view, new media art adopts an open and free attitude towards modern science and technology, New media art realizes the integration of technology and art to the greatest extent
3. Non traditionality of content and form: new art. In essence, new media art is different from any existing art style, and it is not a "sub group" of post-modernism art. The popularity of multimedia technology platform and technology development itself contains operability, interactivity and popularization factors, which really pull art from heaven to the world and become one of the common people's life styles. We can see that skilled use of digital cameras, low-cost shooting and non-linear technology to make DV (digital video), operation of animation drawing software to create flash animation, the use of RSS technology to create "blog" (blog) have become a modern way of life; With the popularization of ecation, new technology and multimedia tools will be mastered by more people, so new media art will be "popular art" in the true sense; Because it reflects the living experience of new and new human beings, they will inevitably present the new living state and living practice of human beings in an all-round way with a new cognitive structure. Therefore, its novelty and foresight in content are beyond doubt
4. Real time interaction between art creators and recipients: a new perspective. From the artist's point of view, new media art gives artists new freedom, but also puts forward new requirements. He should master the interdisciplinary knowledge system of art and science and technology, so as to become an artist with "skills". From the perspective of art, technology is the presentation of artistic thinking. It can also be said that new media art puts forward new requirements for the cooperation between artists and technology masters. Professional knowledge and technology background and skill cooperation spirit are also the inevitable requirements for the comprehensive quality of new media art creators; For the majority of new media art acceptors and researchers, new media art also puts forward more professional and more knowledgeable requirements, which highlights the interaction between creation and appreciation. New media art directly uses the new digital media as the media of art bearing, and is the proct of the integration and interaction of modern scientific and technological means and creative artistic thinking. It highlights the collaboration and cooperation between artists and technicians. It is no longer a single media platform, but a two-way intersection of technical elements and artistic thinking, It is a collection of science and art< Third, the definition of "new media art"
some scholars say that the development of human art basically presents the trend of "mixed media" - single media - Multimedia - "hypermedia"“ The early art of mankind is a multi-media comprehensive art based on human carrier. Since then, these most expressive media have developed independently, forming a single media art, such as painting, music, dance, literature and so on. Under the new historical conditions, these single media arts blend with each other and form a new comprehensive art, which is the birth of architecture, drama, film, television and so on. All kinds of arts that have existed in human history are now moving towards unprecedented integration with computers as the core. Multimedia art is the proct of this integration. "[ 7] (p88) the so-called "multimedia art" can be understood as another term of "new media art"
new media art is the result of the talents of the elites who are familiar with the network, media and technology. At present, all the works that can be seen, and the creators of new media art have a very good technical background“ The people who have more power in cyberspace are the elites who can control cyberspace and Internet technology