Character decentralization
Publish: 2021-04-21 11:54:05
1. Self centeredness is an important concept in Piaget's cognitive development psychology. He believes that there is a qualitative difference between the thinking of young children and alts, children can not distinguish their own and other people's views, do not know the existence of other people's views, can only see things from their own point of view, things are what he saw, there can be no other views. Egocentrism is e to the lack of cognitive decentralization. Piaget believes that there is a process of decentralization in children's development. The development of sensorimotor stage is a process of graal decentralization from an extreme egocentric state. The three forms of egocentric sensory motor stage (from birth to 2 years old) do not distinguish between the object and the self, live in a universe without object, and have no self-consciousness. ① In the pre operation stage (2-7 years old), children can't distinguish their own and others' views, and can't distinguish between subjective and objective. ② Specific operation stage (7-11) decentralized formal operation stage (11-12 years old) children focus on their future ideals. Only after a long period of decentralization can they understand the objective reality and the collective requirements for them and become more realistic. ③ On Piaget's stages of cognitive development on the stages of self-consciousness in Piaget's psychology for children and China's great network Encyclopedia. Piaget's "pre operation stage" (3-7 years old) of children's thinking development is from 3 years old to adolescence. It is an important stage for junior high school students to develop their self-consciousness, a critical period for them to form world outlook and values, and a preparation period for them to create various conditions for the society. The period of subjectivization, from adolescence to althood, belongs to the period of self-consciousness maturity and psychological self. A self-centered person means that his mind is completely occupied by self-consciousness, and he is used to taking "I" as the center of attention, so that other people, things and things are difficult to arouse his interest and divert his attention. They tend to focus too much on their own needs and interests and cannot adopt different opinions. All the relationships between him and his surroundings are based on the interests of "me", and he absolutely can't accept the information that is inconsistent with his understanding. Self consciousness refers to the subject's consciousness of himself, which is a form of consciousness. It includes the consciousness activities of the relationship between man and himself, himself and others, nature and society in the process of practice. Self evaluation, self experience and self-control constitute the basic form of self-consciousness. In self
2. For more technical overview of betterhash protocol currently under development, it should be enough to see the speech of Matt Corallo. It is unnecessary to understand the problem of reprinting the theory of self fighting game network in this paper, because Conceptually speaking, betterhash is better objectively, and it does not need a complete code implementation to understand how important it is.
3. In order to understand the technical principle of bitcoin, we need to understand two important cryptographic techniques: hash code: it converts a long string into a fixed length string, and its conversion is irreversible, that is, it is impossible to guess the original string from hash code. Sha256 is mainly used in bitcoin protocol
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
4. Excerpt: yishop e-commerce system
at present, the best e-commerce in China is "centralized" mode. The so-called centralized mode means that an e-commerce platform concentrates all businesses and eyeballs / traffic and becomes the first entrance for consumers to shop. Consumers find goods through this entrance, and the platform allocates benefits through this entrance<
the concept of decentralization has been boiling in the past two years, and the climax appeared in December last year. Zhang Xiaolong elaborated the eight views of wechat public platform in detail, one of which is that "wechat wants to build a real decentralized system, it will not provide a centralized traffic entrance to all public platform parties and third parties".
at present, the best e-commerce in China is "centralized" mode. The so-called centralized mode means that an e-commerce platform concentrates all businesses and eyeballs / traffic and becomes the first entrance for consumers to shop. Consumers find goods through this entrance, and the platform allocates benefits through this entrance<
the concept of decentralization has been boiling in the past two years, and the climax appeared in December last year. Zhang Xiaolong elaborated the eight views of wechat public platform in detail, one of which is that "wechat wants to build a real decentralized system, it will not provide a centralized traffic entrance to all public platform parties and third parties".
5. The decentralization of blockchain refers to the form of social relations and content generation formed in the process of blockchain development. It is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is unified in the whole network, so it is logically centralized. From the perspective of architecture, blockchain is based on peer-to-peer network, so it is decentralized. From the perspective of governance, blockchain makes it difficult for a few people to control the whole system through consensus algorithm, so it is decentralized.
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is unified in the whole network, so it is logically centralized. From the perspective of architecture, blockchain is based on peer-to-peer network, so it is decentralized. From the perspective of governance, blockchain makes it difficult for a few people to control the whole system through consensus algorithm, so it is decentralized.
6.
in short, bitcoin is a virtual currency . Like stocks, it can be invested and traded. In technical terms, bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency
but after all, the nature and mode of bitcoin is different from other currencies, and it may prosper in the future. It may also be like the collapse of the economic bubble, which is unknown. If you enter the bitcoin market and have a quarrel, it will not become a real currency, because the fluctuation of the price is impossible to satisfy everyone. If there is a profit, there is a loss. Therefore, the investment of bitcoin should be cautious. If you don't fully grasp it, don't try it easily
7. What's the future of maker? What is the future of maker ecation
what is the development prospect of maker ecation franchise investment? Since quality ecation was proposed in the 1980s, it has been a topic of widespread concern in the ecation sector. When it comes to quality ecation, we have to mention maker ecation, which has been favored by the market in recent years
China has already become the largest manufacturing country in the world. The manufacturing instry is the main body of the national economy, the foundation of the country, the tool of rejuvenating the country and the foundation of strengthening the country. However, at present and in the near future, the development of China's manufacturing instry is facing the problems of stable growth and structural adjustment, coupled with the double squeeze of developed countries and emerging economies, China's economy has formed a dilemma of rapidly diminishing low-cost advantage and yet to form a new competitive advantage. Maintaining the vigorous development of manufacturing instry is of great significance to the country
the traditional manufacturing instry aims to meet the basic needs of the public and proces profitable hot procts on a large scale. In the context of the development of information technology, the advantage of large-scale proction is graally weakening. Makers use digital technology and the era of open source methods to reshape the manufacturing instry. Shenzhen maker space model represents a revolutionary change in the mode of proction organization under the breakthrough development of the new generation of manufacturing technology, which is bound to bring opportunities to small and micro start-ups with distributed, decentralized and personalized customization
for large domestic manufacturing enterprises such as Foxconn in Shenzhen and high-tech enterprises such as Lenovo, the value of maker space is to cultivate new growth points. The biggest motivation for these instry giants to cooperate with maker is to find more profit points in maker space and find the next "Xiaomi". In addition, maker space also provides a convenient channel for traditional manufacturing enterprises to know users' personalized needs
on the whole, China's maker space is still in the initial stage of development, some of which are still difficult to develop, maker culture has not been widely recognized and respected, and the role and influence of promoting economic development, promoting independent employment and creating innovation culture are still very limited
from the perspective of revenue source, maker space revenue is basically maintaining the basic operation of maker organization, and there is great uncertainty in sustainable development
in terms of self-development ability, the service system of maker space is not perfect. Due to the influence of factors such as poor investment and financing channels, lack of business model selection, market concept, proction and talent management, many good ideas can only stay on the sample, and are difficult to be transformed into commodities meeting the market demand
in the aspect of intellectual property protection. Due to the "open source" nature of maker space proction, projects that have invested a lot of energy and money in the early stage are easy to be copied and processed by others after sharing, resulting in some unpredictable reward problems and disputes. It is necessary to seek a balance mechanism between "open source" and "protection", which can effectively protect the rights and interests of maker groups in the protection and protection of intellectual property rights, It doesn't dampen the innovation vitality of maker group
in view of the existing problems in the development of maker space, we put forward the following suggestions for the future development of maker space:
first, attach great importance to maker phenomenon from a strategic perspective, and promote the formation of a cultural atmosphere advocating innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society
Second, increase the guidance and support from the policy and capital level, and actively cultivate maker space to develop new formats
thirdly, introce maker space into colleges and universities and even primary and secondary schools to cultivate students' practical ability and innovation
what is the development prospect of maker ecation franchise investment
since quality ecation was proposed in the 1980s, it has been a topic of widespread concern in the ecation sector. When it comes to quality ecation, we have to mention maker ecation, which has been favored by the market in recent years. Maker ecation is the combination of maker culture and ecation. It is a quality ecation based on students' interest, project-based learning, using digital tools, advocating creation, encouraging sharing, and cultivating interdisciplinary problem-solving ability, team cooperation ability and innovation ability< Second, the development status of maker ecation
1. Overseas market
foreign maker ecation can be summarized as "the European and American market is mature, and the Asia Pacific countries Japan and South Korea are in the leading position". Europe and the United States, represented by the United States, have paid great attention to maker ecation in terms of national top-level policies, government funding, curriculum system and teachers since the 1980s. At the same time, Google, Intel, instry associations and other enterprises or non-governmental organizations have also given a lot of support. The maker ecation market in the United States has shown that the curriculum system is complete, the curriculum system is comprehensive, the curriculum system is comprehensive, and the teachers are qualified Advanced technology, more people involved in the prosperity of the status quo
looking at the Asia Pacific region, Japan and South Korea are already in the leading position. Represented by Japan, the core of the government's scientific and technological development lies in ecation reform, which focuses on supporting the development of maker ecation by means of curriculum system, ecation fund, teacher training, and encouraging women's participation. What is unique is that Japan has integrated robot ecation with the leading robot instry. Professional courses and competitions are mostly related to robots, which further brings the craftsmanship spirit of Japan into full play
2. Domestic market
in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wenzhou and other cities have become the leaders of maker ecation. Through the construction of campus maker space, the holding of maker competition and maker Culture Festival, the establishment of maker club, the holding of maker ecation seminar and other activities, the development of maker ecation in China has been promoted
even though maker ecation market is extremely hot in China. But in practice, because the curriculum system of maker ecation is relatively new and involves a lot of related subject knowledge, such as mechanical knowledge, electronic circuit knowledge, mechanical knowledge and so on, most teachers' original knowledge reserve is not enough, and it is easy to make scientific mistakes in the face of actual teaching, Some even fail to follow the teaching rule of "easy before difficult" in the difficulty setting of curriculum system< However, off campus institutions have more advantages in curriculum, teaching system and faculty. Up to now, according to the incomplete statistics of Zhongtai Securities Research Institute, there are more than 7000 robot ecation institutions and more than 400 brands in China, and the instry is extremely decentralized. In the aspects of hardware technology, ecation function and channel operation, some companies have begun to take shape and developed rapidly, showing the situation of "competing with hundreds of competitors and competing with thousands of sails"
in response to the call of the state, we actively carry out maker ecation public welfare activities. The first domestic maker ecation through train, which is funded by ourselves, presents a mobile campus maker space with innovative ideas and unique creativity, and is widely welcomed by teachers and students. Make contribution to the promotion of maker culture and maker ecation
maker ecation is an instry with a short instrial chain, which is closely linked from proct development, proction, channel sales to service landing, and the weakness of any link is fatal. And ladplus Shenzhen Shengsi has continuous and independent R & D and innovation ability, can ensure the sufficient supply of high-quality procts, has strong channel resource integration ability, and can stand out as a one-stop maker ecation service provider through systematic curriculum landing service, which will be deeply recognized by the market
with the continuous reform and graal advancement of quality ecation, maker ecation instry is about to usher in an explosive period. Let's contribute our own ideas to the further development of this field
robot programming ecation has been favored by many parents and investors. Astro Boy robot ecation is a leading professional steam maker ecation organization under Kairui ecation group, which integrates maker teaching aids, curriculum development and teaching training. The curriculum system is jointly developed by doctoral teams at home and abroad
astrologer focuses on robotics, programming, maker and other ecation for 3-18-year-old children, and provides brand cooperation. It hopes that its teaching concept will be spread, benefit more children, and focus on cultivating future oriented talents.
what is the development prospect of maker ecation franchise investment? Since quality ecation was proposed in the 1980s, it has been a topic of widespread concern in the ecation sector. When it comes to quality ecation, we have to mention maker ecation, which has been favored by the market in recent years
China has already become the largest manufacturing country in the world. The manufacturing instry is the main body of the national economy, the foundation of the country, the tool of rejuvenating the country and the foundation of strengthening the country. However, at present and in the near future, the development of China's manufacturing instry is facing the problems of stable growth and structural adjustment, coupled with the double squeeze of developed countries and emerging economies, China's economy has formed a dilemma of rapidly diminishing low-cost advantage and yet to form a new competitive advantage. Maintaining the vigorous development of manufacturing instry is of great significance to the country
the traditional manufacturing instry aims to meet the basic needs of the public and proces profitable hot procts on a large scale. In the context of the development of information technology, the advantage of large-scale proction is graally weakening. Makers use digital technology and the era of open source methods to reshape the manufacturing instry. Shenzhen maker space model represents a revolutionary change in the mode of proction organization under the breakthrough development of the new generation of manufacturing technology, which is bound to bring opportunities to small and micro start-ups with distributed, decentralized and personalized customization
for large domestic manufacturing enterprises such as Foxconn in Shenzhen and high-tech enterprises such as Lenovo, the value of maker space is to cultivate new growth points. The biggest motivation for these instry giants to cooperate with maker is to find more profit points in maker space and find the next "Xiaomi". In addition, maker space also provides a convenient channel for traditional manufacturing enterprises to know users' personalized needs
on the whole, China's maker space is still in the initial stage of development, some of which are still difficult to develop, maker culture has not been widely recognized and respected, and the role and influence of promoting economic development, promoting independent employment and creating innovation culture are still very limited
from the perspective of revenue source, maker space revenue is basically maintaining the basic operation of maker organization, and there is great uncertainty in sustainable development
in terms of self-development ability, the service system of maker space is not perfect. Due to the influence of factors such as poor investment and financing channels, lack of business model selection, market concept, proction and talent management, many good ideas can only stay on the sample, and are difficult to be transformed into commodities meeting the market demand
in the aspect of intellectual property protection. Due to the "open source" nature of maker space proction, projects that have invested a lot of energy and money in the early stage are easy to be copied and processed by others after sharing, resulting in some unpredictable reward problems and disputes. It is necessary to seek a balance mechanism between "open source" and "protection", which can effectively protect the rights and interests of maker groups in the protection and protection of intellectual property rights, It doesn't dampen the innovation vitality of maker group
in view of the existing problems in the development of maker space, we put forward the following suggestions for the future development of maker space:
first, attach great importance to maker phenomenon from a strategic perspective, and promote the formation of a cultural atmosphere advocating innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society
Second, increase the guidance and support from the policy and capital level, and actively cultivate maker space to develop new formats
thirdly, introce maker space into colleges and universities and even primary and secondary schools to cultivate students' practical ability and innovation
what is the development prospect of maker ecation franchise investment
since quality ecation was proposed in the 1980s, it has been a topic of widespread concern in the ecation sector. When it comes to quality ecation, we have to mention maker ecation, which has been favored by the market in recent years. Maker ecation is the combination of maker culture and ecation. It is a quality ecation based on students' interest, project-based learning, using digital tools, advocating creation, encouraging sharing, and cultivating interdisciplinary problem-solving ability, team cooperation ability and innovation ability< Second, the development status of maker ecation
1. Overseas market
foreign maker ecation can be summarized as "the European and American market is mature, and the Asia Pacific countries Japan and South Korea are in the leading position". Europe and the United States, represented by the United States, have paid great attention to maker ecation in terms of national top-level policies, government funding, curriculum system and teachers since the 1980s. At the same time, Google, Intel, instry associations and other enterprises or non-governmental organizations have also given a lot of support. The maker ecation market in the United States has shown that the curriculum system is complete, the curriculum system is comprehensive, the curriculum system is comprehensive, and the teachers are qualified Advanced technology, more people involved in the prosperity of the status quo
looking at the Asia Pacific region, Japan and South Korea are already in the leading position. Represented by Japan, the core of the government's scientific and technological development lies in ecation reform, which focuses on supporting the development of maker ecation by means of curriculum system, ecation fund, teacher training, and encouraging women's participation. What is unique is that Japan has integrated robot ecation with the leading robot instry. Professional courses and competitions are mostly related to robots, which further brings the craftsmanship spirit of Japan into full play
2. Domestic market
in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wenzhou and other cities have become the leaders of maker ecation. Through the construction of campus maker space, the holding of maker competition and maker Culture Festival, the establishment of maker club, the holding of maker ecation seminar and other activities, the development of maker ecation in China has been promoted
even though maker ecation market is extremely hot in China. But in practice, because the curriculum system of maker ecation is relatively new and involves a lot of related subject knowledge, such as mechanical knowledge, electronic circuit knowledge, mechanical knowledge and so on, most teachers' original knowledge reserve is not enough, and it is easy to make scientific mistakes in the face of actual teaching, Some even fail to follow the teaching rule of "easy before difficult" in the difficulty setting of curriculum system< However, off campus institutions have more advantages in curriculum, teaching system and faculty. Up to now, according to the incomplete statistics of Zhongtai Securities Research Institute, there are more than 7000 robot ecation institutions and more than 400 brands in China, and the instry is extremely decentralized. In the aspects of hardware technology, ecation function and channel operation, some companies have begun to take shape and developed rapidly, showing the situation of "competing with hundreds of competitors and competing with thousands of sails"
in response to the call of the state, we actively carry out maker ecation public welfare activities. The first domestic maker ecation through train, which is funded by ourselves, presents a mobile campus maker space with innovative ideas and unique creativity, and is widely welcomed by teachers and students. Make contribution to the promotion of maker culture and maker ecation
maker ecation is an instry with a short instrial chain, which is closely linked from proct development, proction, channel sales to service landing, and the weakness of any link is fatal. And ladplus Shenzhen Shengsi has continuous and independent R & D and innovation ability, can ensure the sufficient supply of high-quality procts, has strong channel resource integration ability, and can stand out as a one-stop maker ecation service provider through systematic curriculum landing service, which will be deeply recognized by the market
with the continuous reform and graal advancement of quality ecation, maker ecation instry is about to usher in an explosive period. Let's contribute our own ideas to the further development of this field
robot programming ecation has been favored by many parents and investors. Astro Boy robot ecation is a leading professional steam maker ecation organization under Kairui ecation group, which integrates maker teaching aids, curriculum development and teaching training. The curriculum system is jointly developed by doctoral teams at home and abroad
astrologer focuses on robotics, programming, maker and other ecation for 3-18-year-old children, and provides brand cooperation. It hopes that its teaching concept will be spread, benefit more children, and focus on cultivating future oriented talents.
8. All brands and models have original data and are pasted in the cockpit
it is generally designed at 2.2-3.5km/h
if you really want to calculate, support the unilateral track
calculate the number of single circle gears of walking oil pump
calculate the speed of oil pump per minute = C
calculate the number of gun tubes in the track
measure the total circumference of the track = B (in meters)
formula: gun tubes divided by the number of gears = a
C except a times b times 60 = walking distance per hour
walking distance divided by 1000 is the speed per hour (1km / h = 1000m / h)
it is generally designed at 2.2-3.5km/h
if you really want to calculate, support the unilateral track
calculate the number of single circle gears of walking oil pump
calculate the speed of oil pump per minute = C
calculate the number of gun tubes in the track
measure the total circumference of the track = B (in meters)
formula: gun tubes divided by the number of gears = a
C except a times b times 60 = walking distance per hour
walking distance divided by 1000 is the speed per hour (1km / h = 1000m / h)
9.
In his early years, sun Yuchen studied in the United States and worked in Wall Street and Silicon Valley. Sun Yuchen became the cover character of Time Warner's Asia Weekly in 2011, and was awarded the honor of "global outstanding youth" by the World Economic Forum (Davos Forum) in 2014. His entrepreneurial deeds were interviewed and reported by a large number of authoritative media
in 2015, sun Yuchen was elected as one of the 30 entrepreneurs under the age of 30 in China's Forbes. In the same year, sun Yuchen was selected into Hupan University and became Ma Yun's youngest disciple
SUN Yuchen was invited to attend a number of high-end forums in the instry, made speeches to introce the world's leading value network protocol and post-90s mobile social networking, and discussed the mode innovation of Internet Finance with regulatory leaders, banks and enterprise leaders
In 2015, Ruibo successively established strategic partnership with a number of financial institutions including Huarui bank2017, the first book "cruel and gentle in the world" was officially published in Chinese mainland. With its royalty income, the book ranked 58th on the 2017 rich list of Chinese writers and was the only entrepreneur on the list
in July 2017, the blockchain project "wave field Tron" was created to build a global decentralized free content entertainment system
in December 2017, sun Yuchen, Chen ang and Lu Sihao were ranked among the top three in the list of Chinese post-90s writers in 2017
in June 2018, sun Yuchen has ended the acquisition of BitTorrent, and the shareholders have now received the documents to sign the agreement
Sun Yuchen, born in 1990, holds a master's degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a bachelor's degree from Peking University. I am the founder and CEO of app, the founder and CEO of Ruibo, the founder of fortune free revolution road, and the founder of wave field Tron foundationcover characters of Asian weekly in 2011
2014 Davos Forum Global outstanding youth
in 2015, there were 30 entrepreneurs under the age of 30 in Forbes China
in 2015, CNTV is a new figure of the year in China's Internet. In 2015, it became the only post-90s student among the first batch of students of Hupan university founded by Ma Yun. In 2017, there were 30 entrepreneurs under the age of 30 in Forbes Asia
reference materials: Network -- Sun Yuchen
10. The retirement of farmers has always been the focus of public attention. So, has the proposal on Farmers' retirement passed? It is reported that Ma Yun has proposed to launch a farmers' pension, hoping to give farmers a better old age. In recent years, the voice of farmers' retirement system has become more and more high, and this year, representatives of the national two sessions also put forward this proposal
once the motion was put forward, it caused a lot of attention and Discussion on the Internet. The goal of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" put forward by Wang Xuekun is to let farmers over 65 enjoy the fruits of a well-off society in an all-round way. For several generations of hard-working farmers, retirement has been their distant dream. If they can "wash their feet and go to the fields" after the age of 65, receive the state pension and enjoy their old age life comfortably, maybe this is the spring of Chinese farmers< In fact, this is not the first time that Wang Xuekun's proposal has appeared in the "two sessions". During the two sessions in 2018, Zhang Yazhong, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, once said that as practitioners of the primary instry, compared with other instries, farmers should also retire and change jobs. Two years later, the "two sessions" made such a sound again. With such a strong response, it seems that the time is almost ripe to solve the problem of providing for the aged, and farmers' wishes may come true< br />
for farmers, retirement at the age of 65 means that they can enjoy their old age like city people. In this way, old farmers will no longer have to farm. We can see that in some rural areas, not to mention those over 60 years old, and even some 70 years old, because of the pressure of life, they still have to go to work in the fields, still in order to earn money. Until the day when they can't work on the Kang, they will give up their "work" all their life. It's self-evident that farmers suffer from hardship and tiredness
most netizens also supported and agreed with the proposal, praising it as a "warm" proposal and focusing on a major and realistic social problem. For Chinese people, farmers have always been a word full of emotion. How many generations of Chinese people have passed on? Who is not a peasant? So the question is, if the state gives pension to farmers over 65 years old, how much does it need to pay each month to make a living< br />
e to different levels of economic development and consumption, it is impossible to unify the standards. However, we can refer to the local minimum living standard and take corresponding supporting measures to meet the reality and be sustainable
as far as the whole country is concerned, e to the different levels of economic development and consumption in different regions, there are also great differences in the minimum living standard. For example, the minimum living standard for urban and rural residents in Shanghai is 790 yuan / month, and that for Beijing is 710 yuan / month. For example, in places where there is no integration of urban and rural minimum living security, the minimum living security standard is 540 / month in Tianjin and 290 / month in Zhengzhou. The reason why there is such a big difference is mainly related to the level of local economic development (fiscal revenue capacity) and consumption level. Therefore, the monthly pension payment of the rural elderly over 65 years old must be determined according to the local economic development level and consumption level< br />
farmers' friends have been dealing with land all their lives, especially the older ones. If they can live a more considerate and warm life in their old age, it is also the need of building a well-off society in an all-round way. As the proposal is still under discussion, the specific situation is not known. However, the welfare policy for the rural elderly over 60 years old has been implemented. There are old people's friends at home. Don't miss them.
once the motion was put forward, it caused a lot of attention and Discussion on the Internet. The goal of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" put forward by Wang Xuekun is to let farmers over 65 enjoy the fruits of a well-off society in an all-round way. For several generations of hard-working farmers, retirement has been their distant dream. If they can "wash their feet and go to the fields" after the age of 65, receive the state pension and enjoy their old age life comfortably, maybe this is the spring of Chinese farmers< In fact, this is not the first time that Wang Xuekun's proposal has appeared in the "two sessions". During the two sessions in 2018, Zhang Yazhong, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, once said that as practitioners of the primary instry, compared with other instries, farmers should also retire and change jobs. Two years later, the "two sessions" made such a sound again. With such a strong response, it seems that the time is almost ripe to solve the problem of providing for the aged, and farmers' wishes may come true< br />
for farmers, retirement at the age of 65 means that they can enjoy their old age like city people. In this way, old farmers will no longer have to farm. We can see that in some rural areas, not to mention those over 60 years old, and even some 70 years old, because of the pressure of life, they still have to go to work in the fields, still in order to earn money. Until the day when they can't work on the Kang, they will give up their "work" all their life. It's self-evident that farmers suffer from hardship and tiredness
most netizens also supported and agreed with the proposal, praising it as a "warm" proposal and focusing on a major and realistic social problem. For Chinese people, farmers have always been a word full of emotion. How many generations of Chinese people have passed on? Who is not a peasant? So the question is, if the state gives pension to farmers over 65 years old, how much does it need to pay each month to make a living< br />
e to different levels of economic development and consumption, it is impossible to unify the standards. However, we can refer to the local minimum living standard and take corresponding supporting measures to meet the reality and be sustainable
as far as the whole country is concerned, e to the different levels of economic development and consumption in different regions, there are also great differences in the minimum living standard. For example, the minimum living standard for urban and rural residents in Shanghai is 790 yuan / month, and that for Beijing is 710 yuan / month. For example, in places where there is no integration of urban and rural minimum living security, the minimum living security standard is 540 / month in Tianjin and 290 / month in Zhengzhou. The reason why there is such a big difference is mainly related to the level of local economic development (fiscal revenue capacity) and consumption level. Therefore, the monthly pension payment of the rural elderly over 65 years old must be determined according to the local economic development level and consumption level< br />
farmers' friends have been dealing with land all their lives, especially the older ones. If they can live a more considerate and warm life in their old age, it is also the need of building a well-off society in an all-round way. As the proposal is still under discussion, the specific situation is not known. However, the welfare policy for the rural elderly over 60 years old has been implemented. There are old people's friends at home. Don't miss them.
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